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2 results for “Predictor-Corrector”

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zenodo48/100

Predicted times of bow Shock crossings at Venus from the ESA/Venus Express mission, using spacecraft ephemerides and magnetic field data, with a predictor-corrector algorithm

CHARACTERISTICS Planet: Venus Radius: RV = 6051.8 km (volumetric mean planetary radius) Spacecraft: ESA/Venus Express Spacecraft coordinates system: Venus Solar Orbital (VSO) equivalent to Sun-State coordinate system: <ul> <li>+XVSO points towards the Sun from the planet’s centre,</li> <li>+ZVSO towards Venus’ North pole and perpendicular to the orbital plane defined as the XVSO–YVSO plane passing through the centre of Venus,</li> <li>YVSO completes the orthogonal system.</li> </ul> Time span: 01/04/2006 to 25/11/2014 Total number N of candidate bow shock crossings in the database: N = 4950 Number of quasi-parallel bow shock crossings: N|| = 844 Number of quasi-perpendicular bow shock crossings: N\(\perp\) = 4106 ORIGINAL DATASETS USED The original Venus Express/MAG data repository on which these algorithms were applied is available on ESA's Planetary Science Archive system (PSA) at: https://archives.esac.esa.int/psa/ftp/VENUS-EXPRESS/MAG/. For this study, 1-Hz magnetic field data was used. METHOD To construct this database from the original datasets above, the predictor and predictor-corrector algorithms used are described for the Mars case in: Simon Wedlund, C., Volwerk, M., Beth, A., Mazelle, C., Möstl, C., Halekas, J., Gruesbeck, J. and Rojas-Castillo, D., (2021), A Fast Bow Shock Location Predictor-Estimator From 2D and 3D Analytical Models: Application to Mars and the MAVEN mission, Journal of Geophysical Research, 127, e2021JA029942. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029942">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029942</a> They consist of two consecutive steps:  <ol> <li>Predictor geometric algorithm based on 2D or 3D existing fits for prediction of the Venus bow shock position. The original fits were taken from 2D conic fits in the plane \(\left(X_\text{VSO}, \sqrt{Y_\text{VSO}^2+Z_\text{VSO}^2}\right)\)performed on the datasets of Persson et al. (2023), Venusian bow shock crossings manually identified from measurements by the ASPERA-4 and MAG instruments onboard Venus Express, Zenodo (<a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7679677">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7679677</a>).</li> <li>Corrector algorithm based on magnetic field measurements.</li> </ol> We also provide the angle between the average Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) vector upstream of the shock and the shock normal, noted θBn (ThetaBn). Assuming a locally smooth shock surface, this gives a first indication of the geometry of the shock, so that: <ul> <li>45∘<θBn<135∘: quasi-perpendicular shock condition</li> <li>θBn≤45∘ and θBn\(\geq\)135∘: quasi-parallel shock condition</li> </ul> Uncertainty on these angles is estimated to be ± 5º.  For details, see Simon Wedlund et al. (2022) above, §2.3 pp. 10-12. VARIABLES DESCRIPTION This database contains the following ASCII variables: <ul> <li>Bow shock times in Venus Express' database (1-s resolution): Tbs</li> <li>Venus Solar Orbital coordinates of the shock, in units of Venus radius RV (RV = 6051.8 km): XVSO, YVSO, ZVSO and Euclidean distance \(R_{VSO} = \sqrt{X_{VSO}^2 + Y_{VSO}^2 + Z_{VSO}^2}\) (in RV)</li> <li>Solar Zenith angle in degrees: SZA = \(\tan^{-1}{Y_{VSO}^2+Z_{VSO}^2 \over X_{VSO}^2}\) (in º) </li> <li>Angle between average B-field direction and shock normal assuming a smooth shock surface \(\theta_{Bn}\) (ThetaBn, in º, calculated with atan2(norm(cross(B,ñ),dot(B,ñ)), with B the magnetic field vector and ñ the vector normal to the shock surface): <ul> <li>45 < ThetaBn <  135 deg: quasi-\(\perp\) shock</li> <li>ThetaBn \(\leq\) 45 deg & ThetaBn \(\geq\) 135 deg: quasi-|| shock</li> </ul> </li> <li>Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) upstream average vector in VSO coordinates, Bx, By, Bz (in nT).</li> <li>Flag for direction of crossing: <ul> <li>flag = 0: magnetosheath \(\longrightarrow\) solar wind (2447 events)</li> <li>flag = 1: solar wind \(\longrightarrow\) magnetosheath (2503 events)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> WARNING <ol> <li>This version of the database is currently in a preliminary stage of application and, as such, is not fully tested. Solar wind upstream magnetic field values (IMF) are given only as a first approximation for each orbit segment. See point 2 for caveats. For carefully manually picked shock crossings, the user is referred to the database of: Persson et al. (2023), Venusian bow shock crossings manually identified from measurements by the ASPERA-4 and MAG instruments onboard Venus Express, Zenodo (<a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7679677">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7679677</a>)</li> <li>This database is based on an automatic statistical geometrical estimate, further refined by constraints on magnetic fields. This is aimed at giving a first approximation of the shock area times in the Venus Express data. It is particularly suited to statistical studies and region identification in the Venus Express datasets. As such, this database should be used as a first indicator of the shock location, and with caution: it CANNOT, and WILL NOT substitute, especially in case studies, for a careful analysis of the full magnetometer and plasma bow shock signatures. Moreover, the algorithm is optimised for detecting the first disturbance observed in the magnetic field immediately ahead of the shock's foot (in the foreshock area), and not for the detection of other structures in the shock, such as the shock ramp. The "shock" location is therefore given here with typical uncertainties of about 0.040 RV (with RV = 6051.8 km, i.e., about 250 km in the radial direction). Finally, for multiple shock crossings, the algorithm chooses the first occurrence of the shock starting from the undisturbed solar wind.</li> </ol> Current formatting optimised for MATLAB. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS C. Simon Wedlund and M. Volwerk thank the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project P32035-N36.     LICENSE AND RIGHTS This database is shared under a Creative Commons CC-BY-4.0 license. Version 1 (c) Cyril Simon Wedlund @ Space Research Institute of Graz (IWF),                                                              Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2022-10-05 Contact email:        cyril.simon.wedlund@gmail.com

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

zenodo44/100

Predicted times, spatial coordinates of bow shock crossings and shock geometry at Mars from the NASA/MAVEN mission, using spacecraft ephemerides and magnetic field data, with a predictor-corrector algorithm

CHARACTERISTICS Planet: Mars Radius: RM = 3389.5 km (volumetric mean planetary radius) Spacecraft: NASA/Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) Spacecraft coordinates system: Mars Solar Orbital (MSO) equivalent to Sun-State coordinate system: <ul> <li>+XMSO points towards the Sun from the planet’s centre,</li> <li>+ZMSO towards Mars’ North pole and perpendicular to the orbital plane defined as the XMSO–YMSO plane passing through the centre of Mars,</li> <li>YMSO completes the orthogonal system.</li> </ul> Time span: 01/11/2014 to 30/04/2024 (Mars Years MY32 to MY36 included, part of MY37). Total number N of candidate bow shock crossings in the database: N = 20107 ORIGINAL DATASETS USED The original MAVEN/MAG data repository on which these algorithms were applied is available on NASA's Planetary Data System (PDS) at <a href="https://doi.org/10.17189/1414178">https://doi.org/10.17189/1414178</a>. For this study, 1-Hz magnetic field data was used. METHOD To construct this database from the original datasets above, the predictor and predictor-corrector algorithms used are described in: Simon Wedlund, C., Volwerk, M., Beth, A., Mazelle, C., Möstl, C., Halekas, J., Gruesbeck, J. and Rojas-Castillo, D., (2022), A Fast Bow Shock Location Predictor-Estimator From 2D and 3D Analytical Models: Application to Mars and the MAVEN mission, Journal of Geophysical Research, 127, 1-33, e2021JA029942, <a href="https://doi. org/10.1029/2021JA029942">https://doi. org/10.1029/2021JA029942</a>.  Also available at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10507942.1">https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10507942.1 </a> and as arXiv e-print: <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2109.04366">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2109.04366</a> These algorithms consist of two consecutive steps:  <ol> <li>Predictor geometric algorithm based on J. Gruesbeck's 3D model (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025366">Gruesbeck et al. 2018</a>) for prediction of Mars bow shock position</li> <li>Corrector algorithm based on magnetic field measurements (magnitude and fluctuations).</li> </ol> REMARK ON VERSIONS From Version 3 onwards, we also provide the angle between the average Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) vector upstream of the shock and the shock normal, noted \(\theta_{Bn}\)(ThetaBn). Assuming a smooth shock surface and the 3D model of Gruesbeck et al. (2018, all points), this gives a first indication of the geometry of the shock, so that: <ul> <li>45∘<θBn<135∘: quasi-perpendicular shock condition</li> <li>θBn≤45∘ and θBn≥135∘: quasi-parallel shock condition</li> </ul> Uncertainty on these angles is estimated to be ± 5º.  From Version 4 onwards, we also added the solar longitude Ls (in degrees). For details, see Simon Wedlund et al. (2022) above, §2.3 pp. 10-12. Note that due to minor adjustments in the code, some of the ThetaBn angles calculated here for the examples of Fig. 6 in Simon Wedlund et al. (2022) may slightly differ from the values quoted in the paper. VARIABLES DESCRIPTION This database contains the following ASCII variables: <ul> <li>Bow shock times in MAVEN's database (1-s resolution): Tbs</li> <li>Mars Solar Orbital coordinates of the shock, in units of Mars radius RM (RM = 3389.5 km): XMSO, YMSO, ZMSO and Euclidean distance \(R_{MSO} = \sqrt{X_{MSO}^2 + Y_{MSO}^2 + Z_{MSO}^2}\) (in RM)</li> <li>Solar Zenith angle in degrees: SZA = \(\tan^{-1}{Y_{MSO}^2+Z_{MSO}^2 \over X_{MSO}^2}\) (in º) </li> <li>Angle between average B-field direction and shock normal assuming a smooth shock surface \(\theta_{Bn}\) (ThetaBn, in º) <ul> <li>45 < ThetaBn <  135 deg: quasi-&perp; shock</li> <li>ThetaBn ≤45 deg & ThetaBn ≥ 135 deg: quasi-|| shock</li> </ul> </li> <li>Solar longitude Ls, in degrees.</li> <li>Flag for crossing: <ul> <li>sheath \(\longrightarrow\) solar wind, flag = 0.</li> <li>solar wind \(\longrightarrow\) sheath, flag = 1.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> WARNING This database is based on an automatic statistical geometrical estimate, further refined by constraints on magnetic field. It is aimed at giving a first approximation of the shock area times in the MAVEN data. It is particularly suited to statistical studies and region identification in the MAVEN datasets. As such, this database should be used as a first indicator of the shock location, and with caution: it CANNOT, and WILL NOT substitute, especially in case studies, for a careful analysis of the full magnetometer and plasma suite bow shock signatures. Moreover, the algorithm is optimised for detecting the first disturbance observed in the magnetic field immediately ahead of the shock's foot (in the foreshock area), and not for the detection of other structures in the shock, such as the shock ramp. The "shock" location is therefore given here with typical uncertainties of about 0.075 RM (with RM = 3389.5 km, i.e., about 250 km in the radial direction). Finally, for multiple shock crossings, the algorithm chooses the first occurrence of the shock starting from the undisturbed solar wind. Current formatting optimised for MATLAB. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS C. Simon Wedlund and M. Volwerk thank the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project P32035-N36. C. Möstl thanks the Austrian Science Fund FWF projects P31659-N27, P31521-N27. A. Beth thanks the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA) and its support with the grant 108/18. This database was notably used to add to the Helio4Cast database which monitors solar wind parameters in the solar system (<a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6356420">https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6356420</a>). Helio4Cast is available at <a href="http://www.helioforecast.space/icmecat">www.helioforecast.space/icmeca</a>t and <a href="http://www.helioforecast.space/sircat">www.helioforecast.space/sircat</a>.      LICENSE AND RIGHTS This database is shared under a Creative Commons CC-BY-4.0 license. Version 1 (c) Cyril Simon Wedlund @ Space Research Institute of Graz (IWF),                                                              Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), 2021-09-08 Version 2 (c) CSW @ ÖAW/IWF, 2021-11-30 -- Addition of R_MSO and SZA Version 3 (c) CSW @ ÖAW/IWF, 2022-02-09 -- Addition of ThetaBn Version 4 (c) CSW @ ÖAW/IWF, 2025-03-20 -- Addition of Ls, Bx, By, Bz and Bt.   Contact email:        cyril.simon.wedlund@gmail.com

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

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