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6 results for “Progne subis”
Population structure, patterns of natal dispersal, and demographic history in a declining aerial insectivore, the purple martin Progne subis
<p>Genetic variation is a fundamental component of biodiversity, and studying population structure, gene flow, and demographic history can help guide conservation strategies for many species. Like other aerial insectivores, the purple martin (<em>Progne subis</em>) is in decline, and yet their genetic background remains largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed population structure in the nominate eastern subspecies (<em>P. s. subis</em>) with relation to natal dispersal and examined historical genetic patterns in all three subspecies (<em>P. s. subis, P. s. arboricola, P. s. hesperia</em>) across their North American breeding range by estimating effective population sizes over time. We used next-generation sequencing strategies for genomic analyses, integrating whole-genome resequencing data with continent-wide band encounter records to examine natal dispersal. We documented population structure across <em>P. s. subis</em>, with the highest differentiation between the northern (Alberta) and more southern colonies and following patterns of isolation-by-distance. Consistent with spatial patterns of genetic differentiation, we also found greater longitudinal than latitudinal natal dispersal distances, signifying potential latitudinal constraints on gene flow. Earlier contractions in effective population sizes in the western <em>P. s. arboricola</em> and <em>P. s. hesperia</em> compared to the eastern <em>P. s. subis</em> subspecies suggest these subspecies originated from two different glacial refugia. Together, these findings support latitudinal distinction in <em>P. s. subis</em>, and elucidate the origin of subspecies differentiation, highlighting the importance to conserve populations across the range to maximize genetic diversity and adaptive potential in the purple martin.</p>
Population structure, patterns of natal dispersal, and demographic history in a declining aerial insectivore, the purple martin Progne subis
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Support for a relationship between demography and modeled habitat suitability is scale dependent for the Purple Martin, Progne subis
<p>1. Species distribution models (SDMs) estimate habitat suitability for species in geographic space. They are extensively used in conservation under the assumption that there is a positive relationship between habitat suitability and species success and stability.</p> <p>2. Given the difficulties in obtaining demographic data across a species' range, this assumption is rarely tested. Here we provide a range-wide test of this relationship for the eastern subspecies of purple martin (<i>Progne subis subis</i>).</p> <p>3. We build a well-supported SDM for the breeding range of the purple martin, and pair it with an unparalleled demographic dataset of nest success and local and regional abundance data for the species to test the proposed link between habitat suitability and fecundity and demography.</p> <p>4. We find a positive relationship between regional abundance and habitat suitability but no relationship between local abundance or fecundity and habitat suitability.</p> <p>5. Our data suggest that local success is driven largely by biotic and stochastic factors and raise the possibility that purple martins are experiencing a time lag in their distribution. More broadly our results call for caution in how we interpret SDMs and do not support the assumption that areas of high habitat suitability are the best areas for species persistence.</p>
Support for a relationship between demography and modeled habitat suitability is scale dependent for the Purple Martin, Progne subis
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DNA metabarcoding data characterizing insectivorous diet of purple martins (Progne subis subis) using two COI primer sets (ANML and ZBJ)
<p>DNA metabarcoding is a molecular technique frequently used to characterize diet composition of insectivorous birds. However, results are sensitive to methodological decisions made during sample processing, with primer selection being one of the most critical. The most frequently used DNA metabarcoding primer set for avian insectivores is ZBJ. However, recent studies have found that ZBJ produces significant biases in prey classification that likely influence our understanding of foraging ecology. A new primer set, ANML, has shown promise for characterizing insectivorous bat diets with fewer taxonomic biases than ZBJ, but ANML is not yet widely used to study insectivorous birds. Here, we evaluate the ANML primer set for use in metabarcoding of avian insectivore diets through comparison with the more commonly used ZBJ primer set. Fecal samples were collected from both adult and nestling Purple Martins (<i>Progne subis subis</i>) at two sites in the USA and one site in Canada to maximize variation in diet composition and to determine if primer selection impacts our understanding of diet variation among sites. In total, we detected 71 arthropod prey species, 39 families, and 10 orders. Of these, 40 species were uniquely detected by ANML, whereas only 11 were uniquely detected by ZBJ. We were able to classify 54.8% of exact sequence variants from ANML libraries to species compared to 33.3% from ZBJ libraries. We found that ANML outperformed ZBJ for PCR efficacy, taxonomic coverage, and specificity of classification, but that using both primer sets together produced the most comprehensive characterizations of diet composition. Significant variation in both alpha- and beta-diversity between sites was found using each primer set separately and in combination. To our knowledge, this is the first published metabarcoding study to directly compare avian diet characterizations produced with both ANML and ZBJ primer sets.</p>
DNA metabarcoding data characterizing insectivorous diet of purple martins (Progne subis subis) using two COI primer sets (ANML and ZBJ)
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