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2 results for “Protoaurignacian”
Research compendium for 'The contribution of integrated 3D model analysis to Protoaurignacian stone tool design'
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Protoaurignacian foragers relied heavily on the production and use of bladelets. Techno-typological studies of these implements have provided insights into important aspects of cultural variability. However, new technologies have seldom been used to quantify patterns of stone tool design. Taking advantage of a new scanning protocol and open-source software, we conduct the first 3D analysis of a Protoaurignacian assemblage, focusing on the selection and modification of blades and bladelets. We study a large sample of complete blanks and retouched tools from the early Protoaurignacian assemblage at Fumane Cave in northeastern Italy. Our main goal is to validate and refine previous techno-typological considerations employing a 3D geometric morphometrics approach complemented by 2D analysis of cross-section outlines and computations of retouch angle. The encouraging results show the merits of the proposed integrated approach and confirm that bladelets were the main focus of stone knapping at the site. Among modified bladelets, various retouching techniques were applied to achieve specific shape objectives. We suggest that the variability observed among retouched bladelets relates to the design of multi-part artifacts that need to be further explored via renewed experimental and functional studies.</p> <p><strong>Overview of contents:</strong></p> <p>01. AGMT3-D project of the first dataset used in the study;</p> <p>02. AGMT3-D project of the second dataset used in the study;</p> <p>03. Raw outline data of the middle cross-section. Each specimens has a dedicate .txt file;</p> <p>04. Raw outline data of the upper cross-section. Each specimens has a dedicate .txt file;</p> <p>05. Angles3-D project with all files generated by the software (.mat and .xlsx formats) to quantify the mean retouch angle of retouched bladelets;</p> <p>06. R project and scripts for the 1) 2D shape analysis of the middle and upper cross-sections of retouched bladelets and the 2) design of all bivariate plots and boxplots with jittered points used in the paper. All related datasets, principal components, and generated figures are included in the folder;</p> <p>07. Folder with all figures published in the paper and in its supplementary materials;</p> <p>08. Dataset of the first study in .csv with all attributes used to run the statistical analysis presented in the paper;</p> <p>09. Dataset of the second study in .csv with all attributes used to run the statistical analysis presented in the paper;</p> <p>10. Dataset for the study of the upper cross-sections in .csv with all attributes used to run the statistical analysis presented in the paper;</p> <p>11. Dataset for the study of the middle cross-sections in .csv with all attributes used to run the statistical analysis presented in the paper;</p> <p>12. Dataset in .csv used to study the mean retouch angles;</p> <p>13. Supplementary information file in .pdf with all supplementary figures and tables.</p> <p><strong>Extra</strong>: All 3D meshes of blades and bladelets are available on Zenodo following this link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6362150.</p>
Research compendium for "Unravelling technological behaviors through core reduction intensity. The case of the early Protoaurignacian assemblage from Fumane Cave."
<p>Research compendium for 'Unravelling technological behaviors through core reduction intensity. The case of the early Protoaurignacian assemblage from Fumane Cave' </p><p> Abstract:</p><p>This paper investigates core reduction intensity in the early Protoaurignacian lithic assemblage from Fumane Cave in northeastern Italy. Here, reduction intensity was used as a means to characterize blank selection strategies and raw material management, explore the variability of knapping strategies throughout the reduction sequence by reconstructing the operatory field of core assemblages, and finally address the relationship between blades and bladelets. The latter aspect was particularly important to gain insights into the behavioral and chrono-cultural significance of laminar productions in the framework of the Aurignacian technocomplex. In order to meet these goals, experimental work was conducted thanks to 3D scanning technology to compare different methods and variables for measuring reduction intensity, including the percentage of non-cortical surface, the Scar Density Index (SDI), and a novel adaptation of the Volumetric Reconstruction Method (VRM). Results demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of adapting VRM for studying reduction intensity in Upper Paleolithic laminar cores, and the provided R scripts and datasets will enable this method to be applied to other contexts with little or no modification of the workflow. The reduction intensity measures applied to the Protoaurignacian assemblage from Fumane Cave reveal slight variations depending on the abundance and proximity of available raw materials selected for blank production. Not surprisingly, the most abundant raw material variety – the Maiolica – has the largest number of less reduced cores, although reduction is fairly high across all cores discarded at the site. The observed variability in the operatory field and the interrelation between blade and bladelet productions underscore the complexity and flexibility of Protoaurignacian human behavior, which also complicate a definitive separation between the operatory fields of blade and bladelet productions. These findings are particularly important to emphasize the importance of considering reduction intensity when examining technological variability and human behavior in Aurignacian studies. We hope that the proposed adaptation of the VRM and the effective combination with other measures of reduction will allow future studies to rightfully incorporate reduction intensity as a temporal component in studies on stone tool production to enhance our understanding of the adaptive behaviors of Homo sapiens in diverse ecological settings and better frame the development of the Upper Paleolithic.</p><p> Keywords:</p><p>Protoaurignacian; Lithic Technology; Reduction Intensity; Cores; VRM; Experimental Archaeology; Fumane Cave<br> </p><p>Overview of contents and how to reproduce:</p><p>This repository contains the codes and datasets for reproducing the results of the experimental (`1_Experimental_Results`) and archaeological (`2_Archaeological_Results`) analyses. Readers can start their own analyses by using the R Markdown files and the datasets. Please, download the complete repository and reproduce the results using `Reduction_Intensity_Protoaurignacian.Rproj` and opening the two folders.<br><br>This repository also contains the 3D models of the cores "3D Experimental cores" and the supplementary tables (Supplementary Material.pdf") used in this research.<br><br> </p>
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