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59 results for “Pyrethroid”
Figure 4 in Frequency of pyrethroid resistance in human head louse treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis
Figure 4. Forest plots of the proportion of heterozygote resistance and 95% confidence interval based on a random effect model in metaanalysis.
Figure 3 in Frequency of pyrethroid resistance in human head louse treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis
Figure 3. Forest plots of the proportion of homozygote resistant and 95% confidence interval based on a random effect model in metaanalysis.
Figure 2 in Frequency of pyrethroid resistance in human head louse treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis
Figure 2. Forest plots of the proportion of resistance in lice and 95% confidence interval based on a random effect model in meta-analysis.
Fig. 6 in Comparison of the effects of neonicotinoids and pyrethroids against Oebalus pugnax (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in rice
Fig. 6. Comparison of percent time engaged in feeding activities by rice stink bug adults on treated and untreated rice panicles when given a choice between panicles treated with Karate or untreated and when given a choice between panicles treated with Tenchu or untreated. Control arenas contained two untreated panicles. Experiments were conducted in 2011 (a) and 2012 (b). Bars accompanied by same letter indicate that means on treated and untreated panicles in choice conditions are not significantly different from means on untreated panicles under no choice (control) conditions.
Fig. 3. 2013 in Comparison of the effects of neonicotinoids and pyrethroids against Oebalus pugnax (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in rice
Fig. 3. 2013. Mean ± SE rice stink bug nymphs (a) and adults (b) in 10 sweeps on untreated and insecticide treated rice small-plots. Means accompanied by different letters indicate a significant difference across treatments (P <0.05).
Fig. 1. 2011 in Comparison of the effects of neonicotinoids and pyrethroids against Oebalus pugnax (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in rice
Fig. 1. 2011. Mean ± SE numbers of rice stink bug nymphs (a) and adults (b) in 10 sweeps in untreated and insecticide-treated rice small-plots. Means accompanied by different letters indicate a significant difference across treatments (P <0.05, LSD). (CY = λ-cyhalothrin, TMX = thiamethoxam, DN = dinotefuran).
Fig. 2. 2012 in Comparison of the effects of neonicotinoids and pyrethroids against Oebalus pugnax (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in rice
Fig. 2. 2012. Mean ± SE numbers of rice stink bug nymphs (a) and adults (b) in 10 sweeps on untreated and insecticide-treated rice small-plots. Means accompanied by different letters indicate a significant difference across treatments (P <0.05, LSD). (CY = λ-cyhalothrin, TMX = thiamethoxam, DN = dinotefuran).
Figure 1. A in Effects of the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin on the hemocytes of Galleria mellonella
Figure 1. A- Prohemocyte, B- plasmatocyte, C- spherulocyte, D- oenocyte, and E- granulocyte in the last instar of G. mellonella.
Fig 3 in Alternatives to a pyrethroid for controlling Madeira mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on coleus cuttings
Fig 3. Mean number of Phenacoccus madeirensis on coleus cuttings at d 0, 1, 7, and 14 afer cuttings were agitated for 60 s in a dip containing 1% Natur'l oil, 1%, Mavrik Aquaflow® (22.3% tau-fluvalinate in water), or distilled water.
Fig 2 in Alternatives to a pyrethroid for controlling Madeira mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on coleus cuttings
Fig 2. Cumulative mean (± SE) percent mortality of Phenacoccus madeirensis on d 1, 3, 7, and 14 resulting from a 1% Natur'l oil dip of 1, 15, 30, 60, or 120 s duration. Different letters indicate significant differences between treatment durations on the successive days (Tukey-Kramer least squares means for multiple comparisons, P <0.05).
Fig 1 in Alternatives to a pyrethroid for controlling Madeira mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on coleus cuttings
Fig 1. Cumulative mean (± SE) percent mortality of Phenacoccus madeirensis on d 1, 3, 7, and 14 resulting from 30 s biorational product dips and distilled water. Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments on the successive days (Tukey-Kramer least squares means for multiple comparisons, P <0.05).
Figure 5 Nav kdr 1016 and 1534 in Genetic study in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) from Londrina (Paraná State, Brazil): an approach to population structure and pyrethroid resistance
Figure 5 Nav kdr 1016 and 1534 site allele frequencies in UEL. Collection site locations were distributed in the three regions of the campus.
Figure 4 in Genetic study in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) from Londrina (Paraná State, Brazil): an approach to population structure and pyrethroid resistance
Figure 4 Allele frequencies of Nav kdr 1016 and 1534 genotyping distributed in the five different regions of Londrina.
Figure 3 in Genetic study in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) from Londrina (Paraná State, Brazil): an approach to population structure and pyrethroid resistance
Figure 3 Haplotypic network obtained through specimens collected in UEL. The circles are proportional to the number of specimens observed in each haplotype.
Figure 2 in Genetic study in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) from Londrina (Paraná State, Brazil): an approach to population structure and pyrethroid resistance
Figure 2 Haplotype network observed in five regions of Londrina. The circles are proportional to the number of specimens observed in each haplotype. The haplotypes observed are in bold. The numbers represent nucleotide change positions.
Figure 1 in Genetic study in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) from Londrina (Paraná State, Brazil): an approach to population structure and pyrethroid resistance
Figure 1 Collection sites in Londrina. The red line is a boundary between the five regions of the city. The yellow ones represent the streets and avenues of the city. Only the urban area was evaluated in the study.
Transcriptome analysis of Drosophila suzukii reveals molecular mechanisms conferring pyrethroid and spinosad resistance
<p class="MsoNormal"><em>Drosophila suzukii</em> possess a serrated ovipositor that enables them to lay eggs in soft-skinned, ripening fruits, making this insect<em> </em>a serious threat to berry production. Since its 2008 introduction into North America, growers have used insecticides as the primary approach for <em>D. suzukii</em> management, resulting in detections of insecticide resistance in this pest. This study sought to identify the molecular mechanisms conferring insecticide resistance in these resistant populations. We sequenced the transcriptomes of two pyrethroid- and two spinosad-resistant isogenic lines. In both pyrethroid-resistant lines and one spinosad-resistant line, we identified overexpression of metabolic genes that are implicated in resistance in other insect pests. In the other spinosad-resistant line, we observed an overexpression of cuticular genes that have been linked to resistance. Our findings enabled the development of molecular diagnostics that we used to confirm persistence of insecticide resistance in California. To validate these findings, we leveraged <em>D. melanogaster </em>mutants deficient in either metabolic or cuticular genes that were upregulated in resistant <em>D. suzukii </em>to demonstrate that these genes are involved in promoting resistance. This study is the first to characterize the molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance in <em>D. suzukii</em> and provides insights into how current management practices can be optimized.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
Developmental pyrethroid exposure disrupts molecular pathways for MAP kinase and circadian rhythms in mouse brain
<p><span>Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a category of pervasive disorders of the developing nervous system with few or no recognized biomarkers. A significant portion of the risk for NDDs, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is contributed by the environment, and exposure to pyrethroid pesticides during pregnancy has been identified as a potential risk factor for NDD in the unborn child. We recently showed that low-dose developmental exposure to the pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin in mice causes male-biased changes to ADHD- and NDD-relevant behaviors as well as the striatal dopamine system. Here, we used an integrated multiomics approach to determine the broadest possible set of biological changes in the mouse brain caused by developmental pyrethroid exposure (DPE). Using a litter-based, split-sample design, we exposed mouse dams during pregnancy and lactation to deltamethrin (3 mg/kg or vehicle every 3 days) at a concentration well below the EPA-determined benchmark dose used for regulatory guidance. We raised male offspring to adulthood, euthanized them, and pulverized and divided whole brain samples for split-sample transcriptomics, kinomics and multiomics integration. Transcriptome analysis revealed alterations to multiple canonical clock genes, and kinome analysis revealed changes in the activity of multiple kinases involved in synaptic plasticity, including the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase ERK. Multiomics integration revealed a dysregulated protein-protein interaction network containing primary clusters for MAP kinase cascades, regulation of apoptosis, and synaptic function. These results demonstrate that DPE causes a multi-modal biophenotype in the brain relevant to ADHD and identifies new potential mechanisms of action.</span></p>
GWAS pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) use genetic polymorphism across the genomes of individuals with distinct characteristics to identify genotype-phenotype associations. In mosquitoes, complex traits such as vector competence and insecticide resistance could benefit from GWAS use. We used the <i>Ae. aegypti</i> 50k SNP chip to genotype populations with different levels of pyrethroid resistance from Northern Brazil. Pyrethroids are widely used worldwide to control mosquitoes and other agricultural pests, and their intensive use led to the selection of resistance phenotypes in many insects including mosquitoes. For <i>Ae. aegypti</i>, resistance phenotypes are mainly associated with several mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel, known as knockdown resistance (<i>kdr</i>). We phenotyped those populations with the WHO insecticide bioassay using deltamethrin impregnated papers, genotyped the <i>kdr</i> alleles using qPCR, and the whole genomic regions with the SNP chip. We identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) directly associated with resistance and one epistatic SNP pair. We also observed that the novel SNPs correlated with the known <i>kdr</i> genotypes, although on different chromosomes or not in close physical proximity to the voltage-gated sodium channel gene. In addition, a pairwise comparison of resistance and susceptible mosquitoes from each population revealed differentiated genomic regions not associated with pyrethroid resistance. These new bi-allelic markers can be used to genotype other populations along with <i>kdr </i>alleles to understand their worldwide distribution. The functional roles of the genes near the newly discovered SNPs require new studies to determine if they act synergistically with <i>kdr</i> alleles or reduce the fitness cost of maintaining resistant alleles.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Figure 5 in Frequency of pyrethroid resistance in human head louse treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis
Figure 5. Funnel chart of proportion resistance in the selected studies.
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