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opencc-by-3.0Nov 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in A new genus for the Lesser Moorhen Gallinula angulata Sundevall, 1850 (Aves, Rallidae)

Fig. 1. Bayesian analysis of the Fulica-clade (sensu García-R et al. 2014a). Numbers above nodes indicate posterior probabilities from Bayesian analysis. Numbers below nodes are percent bootstrap values from Maximum Likelihood analysis. Colours indicate relevant clades with current nomenclature at branch tips. Coloured genus names are those adopted here to reconcile phylogeny and known morphological diversity.

opencc-by-3.0Nov 2015View details →

Fig. 2. Lesser Moorhen Paragallinula angulata Sundevall, 1850 in A new genus for the Lesser Moorhen Gallinula angulata Sundevall, 1850 (Aves, Rallidae)

Fig. 2. Lesser Moorhen Paragallinula angulata Sundevall, 1850, Kgomo Kgomo, South Africa, Feb. 2011 (photo by Mark Tittley). This photograph illustrates two diagnostic character states differentiating Paragallinula from the genus Gallinula: the orange colouration on the frontal shield does not cover the entire shield, and the lack of a contrasting reddish band on the legs proximal to the ankle joint

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2020View details →

Fig. 1 in New Records Of Helminths Of The Corncrake, Crex Crex (Aves, Rallidae) From Ukraine

Fig. 1. General view of the trematodes found in the corncrake in Ukraine: Brachylaima fuscata (A), Prosthogonimus ovatus (B), Prosthogonimus cuneatus (C). Scale bars 500 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2020View details →

Fig. 2. Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi. A in New Records Of Helminths Of The Corncrake, Crex Crex (Aves, Rallidae) From Ukraine

Fig. 2. Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi. A — anterior part of body, lateral view; B — apical view of anterior extremity, optical section at level of cuticular ring; C — posterior part of body, lateral view; D — position of apical structures (papillae and amphids), en face view. Scale bars 50 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2014View details →

Fig. 1 in Morphoecological Peculiarities Of Pelvis In Several Genera Of Rails With Some Notes On Systematic Position Of The Coot, Fulica Atra (Rallidae, Gruiformes)

Fig. 1. Pelves of studied birds (not to the scale): 1 — Crex crex; 2 — Phasianus colchicus; 3 — Rallus aquaticus (in lateral view); 4 — Gallinula chloropus (in lateral view); 5 — Fulica atra; 6 — Anas querquedula; 7 — Phalacrocorax carbo. N o t e. a — in dorsal view; b — in lateral view; is — ischium, il — ilium, p — pubis, ac — acetabulum, pr dl — processus dorsolateralis.

Fig. 1 in A New Feather Mite Species of the Genus Metanalges (Acariformes: Analgidae) from the Okinawa Rail, Hypotaenidia okinawae (Gruiformes: Rallidae), in Okinawa Island, Japan

Fig. 1. Metanalges agachi sp. n., male, MPM Coll. No. 25251 (A) and female, MPM Coll. No. 25252 (B), ventral views. Scale bars: 50 µm.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

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Data from: A rallid ballad: Communal signaling is correlated with year-round territoriality in the most duet-rich family of birds (Gruiformes: Rallidae)

Duetting, in which two or more individuals call in coordinated unison, is common in birds, yet most research investigating the function of avian duets has focused only on oscine passerines. However, we have discovered that duetting occurs in 61 species (59%) in the family Rallidae (rails), one of the highest known rates in any bird clade, and that rail duets are also significantly associated with year-round territoriality and habitat type. We applied a comparative approach to study the occurrence of duetting relative to socio-ecological traits and call properties in 103 rail species, with the prediction that duetting rails produce low-frequency calls that spread well over short distances in densely vegetated habitats. Using a model correcting for phylogenetic signal, we found that duetting is the ancestral state in Rallidae, and that duetting rails show a trending effect for being sedentary and non-migratory. Contrary to our predictions, there was no significant correlation between rail duetting and social bond length, breeding system, breeding latitude from the equator, or sexual dimorphism, as year-round territoriality and forest or heterogeneous habitats were the strongest predictors of duets. Despite the prevalence of duetting in Rallidae, few studies have tested duet functions such as territory defense in this family, and our comparative phylogenetic study lays the groundwork for future research, as little remains known about the behavioral ecology and vocal interactions of many rails.

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Data from: A rallid ballad: Communal signaling is correlated with year-round territoriality in the most duet-rich family of birds (Gruiformes: Rallidae)

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publicNov 2022View details →

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Data from: Convergent morphological responses to loss of flight in rails (Aves: Rallidae)

The physiological demands of flight exert strong selection pressure on avian morphology and so it is to be expected that the evolutionary loss of flight capacity would involve profound changes in traits. Here we investigate morphological consequences of flightlessness in a bird family where the condition has evolved repeatedly. The Rallidae include more than 130 recognised species of which over 30 are flightless. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic data were used here to compare species with and without the ability to fly in order to determine major phenotypic effects of the transition from flighted to flightless. We find statistical support for similar morphological response among unrelated flightless lineages, characterised by a shift in energy allocation from the forelimbs to the hindlimbs. Indeed flightless birds exhibit smaller sterna and wings than flighted taxa in the same family along with wider pelves and more robust femora. Phylogenetic signal tests demonstrate that those differences are independent of phylogeny and instead demonstrate convergent morphological adaptation associated with a walking ecology. We found too that morphological variation was greater among flightless rails than flighted ones, suggesting that relaxation of physiological demands during the transition to flightlessness frees morphological traits to evolve in response to more varied ecological opportunities.

opencc-zeroApr 2021View details →

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

Evolutionary history of New World crakes (Aves: Rallidae) revealed by comprehensive species-level sampling, with emphasis on the tribe Laterallini

Photo vouchers of crake individuals sampled for the research article Evolutionary history of New World crakes (Aves: Rallidae) revealed by comprehensive species-level sampling, with emphasis on the tribe Laterallini.

Fig. 4 in A New Feather Mite Species of the Genus Metanalges (Acariformes: Analgidae) from the Okinawa Rail, Hypotaenidia okinawae (Gruiformes: Rallidae), in Okinawa Island, Japan

Fig. 4. Metanalges agachi sp. n., female, MPM Coll. No. 25252. A, Ventral view; B, dorsal view.

Fig. 5 in A New Feather Mite Species of the Genus Metanalges (Acariformes: Analgidae) from the Okinawa Rail, Hypotaenidia okinawae (Gruiformes: Rallidae), in Okinawa Island, Japan

Fig. 5. Metanalges agachi sp. n., female, MPM Coll. No. 25253. A–D, Legs I–IV.

Fig. 2 in A New Feather Mite Species of the Genus Metanalges (Acariformes: Analgidae) from the Okinawa Rail, Hypotaenidia okinawae (Gruiformes: Rallidae), in Okinawa Island, Japan

Fig. 2. Metanalges agachi sp. n., male, MPM Coll. No. 25250. A, Ventral view; B, dorsal view.

publicJun 2020View details →

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Data from: Convergent morphological responses to loss of flight in rails (Aves: Rallidae)

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Characterizing the spatio-temporal threats, conservation hotspots and conservation gaps for the most extinction-prone bird family (Aves: Rallidae)

Here we worked on the rails (bird family Rallidae), looking at whether the current threats are consistent with those that led to recent extinctions, and ultimately, what conservation actions might be necessary to mitigate further losses. We undertook a global synthesis of the temporal and spatial threat patterns for Rallidae and determined conservation priorities and gaps.

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

FIGURE 8 in Rails (Rallidae: Gallirallus) from prehistoric archaeological sites in Western Oceania

FIGURE 8. Distal tibiotarsus in species of Gallirallus from Near Oceania in anterior (upper) and posterior (lower) aspects. A. †G. e r ns tm a y ri new species, sex unknown, UF 62977, New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago. B. G. insignis female, AMNH 27136, New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago. C. G. philippensis male, UF 39855, Tutuila, American Samoa. D. G. rovianae male, AMNH 28014, New Georgia, Solomon Islands. E. G. w o od fo rd i female, UF 39409, Isabel, Solomon Islands. Scale = 20 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Rails (Rallidae: Gallirallus) from prehistoric archaeological sites in Western Oceania

FIGURE 7. Humerus in species of Gallirallus known from Near Oceania in anterior aspect (upper row) and posterior aspect (lower row). A. †G. ernstmayri new species, sex unknown, UF 62983, New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago. B. G. insignis female, AMNH 27136, New Britain, Bismarck Archipelago. C. G. philippensis male, UF 39855, Tutuila, American Samoa. D. G. rovianae male, AMNH 28014, New Georgia, Solomon Islands. E. G. w o o d f o rd i female, UF 39409, Isabel, Solomon Islands. Scale = 40 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Rails (Rallidae: Gallirallus) from prehistoric archaeological sites in Western Oceania

FIGURE 6. Principal components analysis of 17 postcranial skeletal measurements (summarized in Table 4) in species of Gallirallus, plotting the first two principal components (PC1, PC2). Solid symbols are flightless species; hollow symbols are volant species. †Gallirallus pendiculentus appears to be near the threshold of flightlessness.

FIGURE 5 in Rails (Rallidae: Gallirallus) from prehistoric archaeological sites in Western Oceania

FIGURE 5. Size variation in the femur (top row) and tarsometatarsus (bottom row) of † Gallirallus pendiculentus (A, UF 60193, UF 63627 [field no. 1024C); B, UF 60115/60116, UF 63470; all sex unknown, Tinian, Mariana Islands), G. owstoni (C, female UF 39220; D, male UF 39221, both from Guam, Mariana Islands), and G. philippensis (E, female UF 43222, Efate, Vanuatu; F, male UF 39855, Tutuila, American Samoa). Scale = 40 mm.