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456 results for “Rana”
Lab disease outcomes data evaluating how antibiotic tolerant vs. non-tolerant cell-free supernatant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa affects the interaction between a fungal pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) and amphibian (Rana sylvaticus), 2022.
Microbes living on hosts and in the environment can play a key role in helping hosts to combat pathogens. However, antibiotic-induced alterations to microbial metabolite production could disrupt this dynamic. Here, we investigated whether antibiotic tolerance influences the anti-pathogenic properties of host-associated (living on the host; biofilms) and environmental (living in the soil of water column; planktonic) microbes in vitro and in vivo. For our model host and pathogen, we used the amphibian (Rana sylvatica)-Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) system. For our model host-associated (biofilm) and environmental (planktonic) microbes, we used four strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that vary in their tolerance to antibiotics and their biofilm-forming capabilities: Planktonic, non-antibiotic tolerant (ΔsagS/VC); Planktonic, antibiotic tolerant (ΔsagS::sagS_L154A); Biofilm, non-antibiotic tolerant (ΔsagS::sagS_D105A); Biofilm, antibiotic tolerant (ΔsagS::sagS). We collected cell-free supernatants (CFS) from each strain to examine the effects of metabolites. We conducted four experiments. In our pathogen-only exposures to test direct effects of metabolites on Bd, we exposed Bd zoospores to each P. aeruginosa CFS at six concentrations. After 11 days of growth, we measured relative abundance of Bd across each treatment. In our host-only exposures to test effects of metabolites on host disease outcomes, we placed R. sylvatica tadpoles in individual units containing each P. aeruginosa CFS. After 48 hours, water was changed into clean well water (no CFS). Bd zoospores were immediately added to each experimental unit following the water change. After 5 days of Bd exposure, we measured snout-vent length (SVL), mass, developmental stage, and Bd quantification in the mouthparts using qPCR for each tadpole. In our host-pathogen exposures to test interactive effects of metabolites on hosts in the presence of the pathogen, we conducted the same experiment as above. However, ins
Outdoor mesocosm study evaluating how mass, NaCl tolerance, and pesticide tolerance affect oxidative stress biomarkers (CAT, SOD, GR, GPx, TBARS) in larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) exposed to baseline and NaCl-contaminated conditions, 2019
Biomarkers of oxidative stress can aid in wildlife monitoring by allowing conservationists to detect sublethal environmental shifts. However, interpretation of stress responses can be complicated by multiple interacting factors (e.g., individual development, evolved physiological tolerance to stressors) which alter biomarker expression. Here, we investigated how individual ontogenetic traits and population-level tolerance traits influence oxidative stress responses under baseline and contaminated environmental conditions. For our model contaminant, we used NaCl (common freshwater contaminant due to factors such as coastal flooding, irrigation, airborne salt circulation, drought, runoff from road deicing salts). For our model wildlife populations, we used larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) from six noninteracting populations known to vary in two population-level tolerance traits: NaCl tolerance (calculated as average time to death from lethal NaCl exposure) and pesticide tolerance (determined by proxy of distance to agriculture - a consistent and highly repeatable relationship). At an outdoor research facility, R. sylvatica tadpoles were exposed to either baseline conditions (0 g/L NaCl added) or NaCl-contaminated conditions (1 g/L NaCl added for 21 days, then reduced to 0.5 g/L NaCl). Exposures were conducted in individual units with 40 replicates per population for each treatment. The experiment was terminated per individual to capture the full term of larval development (Developmental stage: Gosner stage 36), lasting between 33-48 days. For each individual, we measured mass, Snout-Vent-Length, and developmental stage before processing for biomarker expression. Individual homogenates were assayed for oxidative stress biomarkers superoxide dismutase (SOD; responsible for Reactive Oxygen Species capture and peroxide production), glutathione peroxidase (GPx; responsible for high-affinity peroxide reduction), catalase (CAT; responsible for low-affinity peroxide reducti
Selection for phenotypic plasticity in Rana sylvatica tadpoles, 1998.
The hypothesis that phenotypic plasticity is an adaptation to environmental variation rests on the two assumptions that plasticity improves the performance of individuals that possess it, and that it evolved in response to selection imposed in heterogeneous environments. The first assumption has been upheld by studies showing the beneficial nature of plasticity. The second assumption is difficult to test since it requires knowing about selection acting in the past. However, it can be tested in its general form by asking whether natural selection currently acts to maintain phenotypic plasticity. We adopted this approach in a study of plastic morphological traits in larvae of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica. First we reared tadpoles in artificial ponds for 18 days, in either the presence or absence of Anax dragonfly larvae (confined within cages to prevent them from killing the tadpoles). These conditioning treatments produced dramatic differences in size and shape: tadpoles from ponds with predators were smaller and had relatively short bodies and deep tail fins. We estimated selection by Anax on the two kinds of tadpoles by testing for non-random mortality in overnight predation trials. Dragonflies imposed strong selection by preferentially killing individuals with relatively shallow and short tail fins, and narrow tail muscles. The same traits that exhibited the strongest plasticity were under the strongest selection, except that tail muscle width exhibited no plasticity but experienced strong increasing selection. A laboratory competition experiment, testing for selection in the absence of predators, showed that tadpoles with deep tail fins grew relatively slowly. In the cattle tanks, where there were also no free predators, the predator-induced phenotype survived more poorly and developed slowly, but this cost was apparently not associated with particular morphological traits. These results indicate that selection is currently promoting morphological plasticity in
Rana sierrae annotated aquatic soundscapes (2022)
<p>This dataset is associated with the following manuscript, which contains details in the methodology of data collection and annotation: </p> <p>Lapp, S., Smith, T. C., Wilhelm, A, Knapp, R., Kitzes, J. In press. Aquatic soundscape recordings reveal diverse vocalizations and nocturnal activity of an endangered frog. The American Naturalist.</p> <p><em>Rana</em> <em>sierrae</em> (the Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog) is an endangered species residing in high-elevation lakes in the Sierra Nevada mountains. The species is highly aquatic and, unlike most amphibians, primarily vocalizes while underwater. As a result, its vocalizations have rarely been recorded and its vocal repertoire is not well studied.</p> <p>This dataset contains an annotated set of underwater soundscape recordings containing <span>1236</span> annotations of <em>R. sierrae</em> vocalizations. We annotated five distinct vocalization types of<em> R. sierrae</em>, only two of which have been previously documented for this species. Besides the calls of <em>R.</em> <em>sierrae</em>, these audio recordings also contain stridulation sounds (not annotated), which were most likely produced by members of the family Corixidae or other aquatic invertebrates that stridulate underwater. </p>
Figure 6 in Description of a new species of the genus Rana (Anura: Ranidae) from western Guizhou, China, integrating morphological and molecular genetic data
Figure 6. Variation of the live adult male paratype GZNU20220705001 of Rana zhijinensis Luo, Xiao & Zhou, sp. nov. A. Dorsolateral view; B. Dorsal view; C. Ventral view.
Figure 1 in Description of a new species of the genus Rana (Anura: Ranidae) from western Guizhou, China, integrating morphological and molecular genetic data
Figure 1. Sampling localities of Rana zhijinensis Luo, Xiao & Zhou, sp. nov., R. culaiensis, R. hanluica, and R. omeimontis in Guizhou Province, China. A. Guiguo Town, Zhijin County; B. Supu Town, Qianxi County; C. Zhujianshan Nature Reserve, Huangping County; D. Leigongshan National Nature Reserve, Leishan County.
Figure 2 in Description of a new species of the genus Rana (Anura: Ranidae) from western Guizhou, China, integrating morphological and molecular genetic data
Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree based on three mitochondrial genes and six nuclear genes. A. Maternal tree; B. Nuclear gene tree. In both phylogenetic tree, ultrafast bootstrap support (UFB) values from ML analyses/Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) from BI analyses are given beside nodes. Scale bars denote nucleotide substitutions per sites for mitochondrial and nuclear genes.
Figure 5 in Description of a new species of the genus Rana (Anura: Ranidae) from western Guizhou, China, integrating morphological and molecular genetic data
Figure 5. Morphological features of the live adult male holotype GZNU2018081606 of Rana zhijinensis Luo, Xiao & Zhou, sp. nov. A. Dorsolateral view; B. Dorsal view; C. Ventral view; D. Egg cluster; E. Ventral view of hand and dark gray-blackish nuptial pad; F. Ventral view of foot.
Figure 4 in Description of a new species of the genus Rana (Anura: Ranidae) from western Guizhou, China, integrating morphological and molecular genetic data
Figure 4. Haplotype networks of Rana zhijinensis Luo, Xiao & Zhou, sp. nov. and its related species constructed based on the nuclear gene sequences. Different species of the R. japonica group are shown as different colors.
Figure 3 in Description of a new species of the genus Rana (Anura: Ranidae) from western Guizhou, China, integrating morphological and molecular genetic data
Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree based on four mitochondrial genes and six nuclear genes. In this phylogenetic tree, UFB from ML analyses/ BPP from BI analyses are given beside nodes. The scale bar represents 0.03 nucleotide substitutions per site. Red lines represent species delimitation results of bPTP and BPP.
Fig. 2 in Age Determination And Some Growth Parameters Of A Rana Ridibunda Population In Turkey
Fig. 2. Cross-section taken at the middle of the diaphysis of Rana ridibunda, a male, 58 mm SVL, 4 RL (scale: 108 µm)
Fig. 1 in Food Habits Of The Endemic Long Legged Wood Frog, Rana Pseudodalmatina (Amphibia, Ranidae) In Northern Iran
Fig. 1. Map showing the localities of Rana pseudodlmatina (Eiselt & Schmidtler, 1971) samples from Iran. For identification localities numbers, refer to table 1.
Over the hills and through the farms: Land use and topography influence genetic connectivity of northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in the Prairie Pothole Region
<p><em>Context</em></p> <p>Agricultural land-use conversion has fragmented prairie wetland habitats in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR), an area with one of the most wetland-dense regions in the world. This fragmentation can lead to negative consequences for wetland obligate organisms, heightening risk of local extinction and reducing evolutionary potential for populations to adapt to changing environments.</p> <p><em>Objectives</em></p> <p>This study models biotic connectivity of prairie-pothole wetlands using landscape genetic analyses of the northern leopard frog (<em>Rana pipiens</em>) to: (1) identify population structure and (2) determine landscape factors driving genetic differentiation and possibly leading to population fragmentation.</p> <p><em>Methods</em></p> <p>Frogs from 22 sites in the James River and Lake Oahe river basins in North Dakota were genotyped using Best-RAD sequencing at 2868 bi-allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Population structure was assessed using STRUCTURE, DAPC, and fineSTRUCTURE. Circuitscape was used to model resistance values for ten landscape variables that could affect habitat connectivity.</p> <p><em>Results</em></p> <p>STRUCTURE results suggested a panmictic population, but other more sensitive clustering methods identified six spatially organized clusters. Circuit theory-based landscape resistance analysis suggested land use, including cultivated crop agriculture, and topography were the primary influences on genetic differentiation.</p> <p><em>Conclusions</em></p> <p>While the <em>R. pipiens</em> populations appear to have high gene flow, we found a difference in the patterns of connectivity between the eastern portion of our study area which was dominated by cultivated crop agriculture, versus the western portion where topographic roughness played a greater role. This information can help identify amphibian dispersal corridors and prioritize lands for conservation or restoration.</p>
Used Coordinates of Rana temporaria from Spain .
<p>Distribution data of Rana temporaria used in the paper: <strong>Surviving on the edge: present and future effects of climate warming on the common frog (Rana temporaria) population in the Montseny massif (NE Iberia).</strong></p>
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. (BR0000010260845)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. (BR0000010260708)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. (BR0000010261989)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. (BR0000010260067)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. (BR0000012071104)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. (BR0000012227327)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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