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36 results for “Reflection spectra”
Vegetation indices calculated from reflectance spectra collected at LTER plots at Toolik Lake, Alaska during the 2007-2019 growing seasons.
Vegetation indices calculated from reflectance spectra collected at Arctic LTER experimental plots at Toolik Lake, Alaska during the 2007-2019 growing seasons. Long term experimental plots span several different vegetation types: Heath (HTH89), Moist Acidic Tussock (MAT89 and Low Fert), Moist Non-Acidic Tussock (MNAT), Non-Acidic Non-Tussock (NANT), Shrub (SHB), and Wet Sedge (WSG). Plots are differentiated by their experimental treatment and are located in replicate blocks.Canopy reflectance is measured by hand-held spectrophotometer and several indices of interest (NDVI, EVI, EVI2, PRI, WBI, and Chlorophyll index) are calculated.
Reflection Spectra Repository for Cool Giant Planets
<p>Supplementary material for <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aabb05"><em>Exploring H2O Prominence in Reflection Spectra of Cool Giant Planets</em></a> - ApJ 858, 69 (2018).</p> <p>This repository contains 65520 model reflection spectra of cool giant planets. The grid explores the influence of metallicity, gravity, effective temperature, and sedimentation efficiency on H<sub>2</sub>O absorption signatures in giant planet atmospheres. We also include two animations to visualise how the prominence of H<sub>2</sub>O absorption evolves over this parameter space. The included models range over:</p> <p>*m => 1-100 x solar (log(m) @ 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 1.7, 2.0 dex) <-- log(m) = 1.7 new for V2 of the database.<br> *g => 1-100 m/s<sup>2</sup> (evenly over log(g) in steps of 0.1 dex)<br> *T<sub>eff</sub> => 150-400 K (linearly in steps of 10 K)<br> *f<sub>sed</sub> => 1-10 (linearly in steps of 1)</p> <p>(V 1.0, March 30th 2018):</p> <blockquote> <p>Initial release of the reflection spectra repository. </p> </blockquote> <p>(V 2.0, Oct 1st 2019): </p> <blockquote> <p>The cool giant reflection spectra grid has been re-computed using the latest version of the PICASO albedo code (doi: <a href="https://arxiv.org/ct?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fab1b51&v=77076c4a">10.3847/1538-4357/ab1b51</a>). This fixes a few bugs and adds new model features (e.g. Raman scattering, see Batalha+2019).</p> <p>The new grid is packaged as a HDF5 file with an accompanying python script 'Open_Albedo_Database.py'. The python script is provided to show how to open the albedo database, plot the spectra, and save spectra as a .txt file. The user need only change 4 lines (specifying log(m), log(g), T<sub>eff</sub>, f<sub>sed</sub>) and run the python script to produce a plot of the albedo spectra (both with and without H<sub>2</sub>O absorption).</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>NEW</strong>: (V 2.1, Oct 3rd 2019): </p> <blockquote> <p>Fixed a bug causing models with log(g) = 3.4 or 3.9 to not display cloud opacity.</p> </blockquote>
Anaktuvuk River fire scar canopy reflectance spectra from the 2008-2014 growing seasons, North Slope Alaska.
The Anaktuvuk River Fire occurred in 2007 on the North Slope of Alaska. In 2008, three eddy covariance towers were established at sites represent ing unburned tundra, moderately burned tundra, and severely burned tundra. During the 2008-2014 growing seasons, canopy vegetation within the footprint of each of these towers was scanned with a handheld spectrophotometer several times throughout the growing season. Average reflectance spectra per site and collection day are presented here.
Vegetation indices calculated from canopy reflectance spectra at four sites along Imnavait Creek, AK during the 2008-2010 growing seasons.
A spectrophotometer was used to scan the canopy vegetation at four sites along Imnavait Creek in the Kuparuk Watershed near Toolik Lake LTER, Alaska. The resulting reflectance spectra were used to calculate average vegetation indices for each site and collection day.
Diffuse reflectance spectra of coated plates and corresponding plots transformed Kubelka-Munk function versus the energy of light (eV)
<p>The link contains UV-DRS results of TiO<sub>2</sub>/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> layered composites (from commercial nanoparticles) and corresponding bandgap energies</p>
Dataset for "Reflectance spectra of seven lunar swirls examined by statistical methods: A space weathering study"
<p>This archive corresponds to the source code, raw data, and results described in the article "Reflectance spectra of seven lunar swirls examined by statistical methods: A space weathering study" by Chrbolková et al. (2019) published in Icarus journal. See AA_README.txt for more information.</p>
Reflectance spectra of vegetation near Imnavait Creek, AK from the 2008-2010 growing seasons.
A spectrophotometer was used to scan the canopy vegetation at four sites near Imnavait Creek each year from 2008 - 2010 by Toolik Lake LTER, Alaska. Reflectance spectra from 310-1130 nm are presented here with information relating the date and site of the scan.
Laboratory reflectance spectra and pigments from giant kelp blades
This dataset contains the whole blade reflectance and photosynthetic pigment concentrations from 1700 recently matured blades of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera). The blades were collected at five sites along the California coast from 2012 to 2015.
Reflectance and emission spectra of Earth-like planets orbiting red giant stars
<p>Spectra of red giant stellar hosts and reflectance/emission planetary spectra as described in Kozakis & Kaltenegger (2020). File names and content are explained in 0readme.txt. Please email theakozakis@gmail.com with any questions.</p> <p> </p>
Dataset of micro-roughness, Schmidt hammer and reflectance spectra obtained at Hallstaetter Glacier foreland
<p>The files contain data of micro-roughness (Ra and Rz), raw data of Schmidt hammer rebound-values, and reflectance spectra obtained at Hallstaetter Glacier foreland in July 2022. The data was use in a publication: Dąbski M, Badura I, Kycko M, Grabarczyk A, Matlakowska R, Otto J-C. The Development of Limestone Weathering Rind in a Proglacial Environment of the Hallstätter Glacier. <i>Minerals</i>. 2023; 13(4):530. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13040530. </p><p>Funding provided by National Science Centre, Poland (Preludium Bis-2 2020/39/O/ST10/01068).</p><p>Micro-roughness, rock strength (Schmidt hammer rebound values), and spectral reflectance were obtained in-situ on glacially abraded rock surfaces along a transect from the glacial snout to the outermost moraines from the Little Ice Age, covering circa 172 years of subaerial weathering in the proglacial alpine environment. UAV surveys of the studied area were performed to obtain Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and allow for detailed comparative studies in the future.</p><p>Test site 1 was very close to the glacier (undergoes weathering for 1–2 years), site 2 was in the zone c. 10 years old, site 3 was in the zone c. 50–51 years old, site 4 was in the zone c. 105–106 years old, and the last one (site 5) was on the LIA moraines, where the duration of weathering is c. 167–172 years. The sites were located on bedrock or boulders embedded in the moraines with distinct traces of glacial abrasion, allowing us to infer that older weathering rind (developed before glacial accumulation) has been eroded. The sites were selected based on their age, homogenous petrography, accessibility, and suitability for micro-roughness measurements. Within each test site, we selected ten specific rock surfaces (c. 100 cm2 each), with clear signs of glacial abrasion, for the measurements of micro-roughness, Schmidt hammer rebound (rock strength), and spectral reflectance. </p><p> </p><p> </p>
Dataset of micro-roughness, Schmidt hammer and reflectance spectra obtained at Midtre Lovénbreen foreland
<p>The files contain data of micro-roughness (Ra and Rz), raw and corrected data of Schmidt hammer rebound-values, and reflectance spectra obtained at Midtre Lovénbreen glacier foreland in July 2023. </p> <p>Funding provided by National Science Centre, Poland (Preludium Bis-2 2020/39/O/ST10/01068).</p> <p>Micro-roughness, rock strength (Schmidt hammer rebound values), and spectral reflectance were obtained in-situ on glacially abraded rock surfaces along a transect from the glacial snout to the outermost moraines from the Little Ice Age, covering circa 118 years of subaerial weathering in the proglacial polar environment. UAV surveys of the studied area were performed to obtain Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and allow for detailed comparative studies in the future.</p> <p>Test site 1 was very close to the glacier (undergoes weathering for 3 years), site 2 was in the zone c. 43 years old, site 3 was in the zone c. 63 years old, site 4 was in the zone c. 87 years old, and the last one (site 5) was on the LIA moraines, where the duration of weathering is c. 118 years. The sites were located on biotite gneiss boulders embedded in the moraines with distinct traces of glacial abrasion, allowing us to infer that older weathering rind (developed before glacial accumulation) has been eroded. The sites were selected based on their age, homogenous petrography, accessibility, and suitability for micro-roughness measurements. Within each test site, we selected ten specific rock surfaces (c. 100 cm2 each), with clear signs of glacial abrasion, for the measurements of micro-roughness, Schmidt hammer rebound (rock strength), and spectral reflectance. </p> <p> </p>
Gaia DR3 asteroid reflectance spectra: L-type families, memberships and ages
<p>The Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) contains reflectance spectra at visible wavelengths for 60,518 asteroids over the range between 374-1034 nm, representing a large sample that is well suited to studies of asteroid families.</p> <p>We wanted to assess the potential of Gaia spectra in identifying asteroid family members. Here, we focus on two L-type families, namely Tirela/Klumpkea and Watsonia. These families are known for their connection to Barbarian asteroids, which are potentially abundant in calcium-aluminum rich inclusions (CAIs).</p> <p>The method we developed to establish family memberships is based (1) on a color taxonomy specifically built on Gaia data and (2) on the similarity of spectra of candidate members with the template spectrum of a specific family.</p> <p>Our work demonstrates the advantage of combining the classical hierarchical clustering method (HCM) approach to spectral properties obtained by Gaia for the study of asteroid families. Future data releases are expected to further expand the capabilities in this domain.</p> <p>The memberships for the Tirela/Klumpkea and Watsonia families are reported here. The columns report, from left to right: the identifier of the asteroid, the absolute magnitude, the proper elements (semi-major axis, eccentricity and sine of the inclination, taken from AFP, Novaković et al., 2022), NEOWISE albedo (Masiero et al., 2011) and spectral type from our color taxonomy. For the objects that are not directly classified into the S and L classes, their most probable spectral type is also reported. </p>
North American Coastal Plain PRISMA Surface Reflectance and Mixture Residual Spectra
<p>The data available here include the training and validation spectra for creating the models for the currently unpublished manuscript “Classifying Plant Communities in the North American Coastal Plain with PRISMA Spaceborne Hyperspectral Imagery and the Spectral Mixture Residual." Spectral data contain both raw surface reflectance (SR) and spectral mixture residual spectra (MR) transformed with endmembers and code from Sousa et al.'s (2022) paper titled "The spectral mixture residual: A source of low‐variance information to enhance the explainability and accuracy of surface biology and geology retrievals." Spectra represent averaged 60 m x 60 m areas (2 x 2-pixel window) located in the Red Hills (RH), the Jones Ecological Research Center (JERC), the Ordway-Swisher Biological Station (OSBS), and the Disney Wilderness Preserve (DSNY). To maintain the confidentiality of private property information on behalf of landowners, the locations of the RH plots were intentionally obscured, considering the nature of the region. See manuscript for further details. </p>
Dataset: Variation in leaf reflectance spectra across the California flora partitioned by evolutionary history, geographic origin, and deep time
<p>We collected leaf reflectance data from plants in a common garden where plants from across California are grown. We focused on 10 regions of the California Floristic Province represented at the Regional Parks Botanic Garden (RPBG). During the summer of 2020 and the early-fall of 2021, we visited RPBG with a back-pack spectroradiometer (ASD Fieldspec 4 and Fieldspec Pro) with an attached leaf clip and plant probe with its own light source (part number A122327). From each accessible plant we collected leaf-level reflectance spectra (380 to 2500 nm, 3 nm in the VNIR, 10 nm in the SWIR) from ~3 representative leaves). This dataset includes 631 region-by-species mean leaf-level reflectance spectra, both in raw reflectance as well as subjected to Continuum Removal. </p>
Ancient insect vision tuned for flight amongst rocks and plants underpins natural flower colour diversity - rock, mineral, stick, bark, leaf, bird- and insect-flower petal reflectance spectra
<p>Understanding the origins of flower colour signalling to pollinators is fundamental to evolutionary biology and ecology. Flower colour evolves under pressure from visual systems of pollinators, like birds and insects, to establish global signatures among flowers with similar pollinators. However, an understanding of the ancient origins of this relationship remains elusive. Here, we employ computer simulations to generate artificial flower backgrounds assembled from real material sample spectra of rocks, leaves, and dead plant materials, against which to test flowers' visibility to birds and bees. Our results indicate how flower colours differ from their backgrounds in strength, and the distributions of salient reflectance features when perceived by these key pollinators, to reveal the possible origins of their colours. Since Hymenopteran visual perception evolved before flowers, the terrestrial chromatic context for its evolution to facilitate flight and orientation consisted of rocks, leaves, sticks, and bark. Flowers exploited these pre-evolved visual capacities of their visitors, and in response evolved chromatic features to signal to bees, and differently to birds, against a backdrop of other natural materials. Consequently, it appears that today's flower colours may be an evolutionary response to the vision of diurnal pollinators navigating their world millennia prior to the first flowers.</p>
Fourier transformed infrared reflectance (FTIR) spectra of peat soils collected from the top and bottom of peatland erosion gullies
<p>Peat soil was randomly collected from gullies within two eroding blanket bogs. Balmoral (BAM) is on a large high-altitude plateau blanket bog in the eastern part of the Cairngorms National Park, Scotland, UK (56.93° N, − 3.16° E, 642 m asl) and Glensaugh (GSA) is an upland livestock farm with sections of and blanket bog peatland in the Grampian foothills (56.55° N, 2.33° E, 412 m asl). Both sites have undergone extensive degradation and peat erosion, and both have, in some parts, recently undergone restoration practices, including bunding and reprofiling.</p> <p>Peat samples were collected at Glensaugh and Balmoral as follows. At Glensaugh, peat at the top 1 cm of exposed gully sides (approximately 10-20cm from the vegetated surface) and at the gully bottom were taken, air dried and passed on for FTIR analysis. These gullies correspond to four erosion pin measurement areas and their corresponding peat sediment trap areas at Glensaugh. At Balmoral, the same approach was taken except six ‘gully top’ and ‘gully bottom’ sites were randomly selected and not geographically paired in the same way at Glensaugh.</p> <p>Samples were air dried and finely ball milled, prior to FTIR analysis. FTIR spectra were recorded using a Bruker Vertex 70 FTIR spectrometer (Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany) and OPUS 7.2 software. To record the FTIR spectra, each of the samples were placed, in turn, on a Diamond Attenuated Total Reflectance (DATR) sampling accessory, with a single reflectance system. Data points in the range of 4000-400 cm-1 were recorded with a resolution of 4 cm-1 and average of 64 scans. A spectrum of the empty sampling accessory, with the same resolution and number of scans, was recorded as the background spectrum before each measurement. </p> <p>Since the penetration depth for the DATR accessory is different for each wavelength and is directly proportional to the wavelength of the incident light (The higher the wavenumber the lower the penetration), an ATR correction was applied to the spectra to correct this effect, using the OPUS software. No correction was required for water vapour and CO2 as the spectrometer is continuously purged with dry air.</p> <p> </p> <p>In the dataset, columns correspond to the following:</p> <p>Site: Balmoral or Glensaugh</p> <p>Gully Position: Top or bottom</p> <p>Gully Number: Replicate gullies within the site</p> <p>Sample date: Date</p> <p>Sample ID: Unique identifier</p> <p>Remaining columns: Reflectance at a given wavelength</p>
Modelling the transmission component in TIR reflectance spectra of sandstones to understand the effect of surface roughness and clinging fines
<p>This dataset includes a model that combines rock surface reflection with transmission through clinging fines the surface. All IDL scripts are provided. The dataset includes the transmission input spectra, raw data of transmission measurements and SEM images of the surfaces. The reflectance spectra presented in the paper are part of a previous publication, see related identifiers for database of this dataset.</p>
In Search of the Edge: A Bayesian Exploration of the Detectability of Red Edges in Exoplanet Reflection Spectra
<p>This repository contains surface albedos for a paper submitted to AAS journals under the same title. Here we include a a realistic Earth-like surface albedo and the raw albedo files used for it's calculation.</p>
Mid-Infrared Reflectance and Emissivity Spectra of High Porosity Regoliths
<p>This dataset contains laboratory spectra of olivine and pyroxene in the mid-Infrared (MIR; 5-35 micron) wavelength region as described in Martin et al., (in rev). </p> <p>Files are labeled accordingly: mineral_smallest particle size_largest particle size_regolith porosity_measurement type</p> <p>OLV = olivine, PYX=pyroxene</p> <p>r = ambient reflectance, a = ambient emissivity, sae = simulated asteroid environment</p> <p>Example: The file labeled OLV_45_63_10_a.txt contains spectra of olivine, with 45-63 micron particle sizes, has 10% regolith porosity, and was measured in ambient emissivity. </p>
Visible and Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectra of Igneous Rocks and Their Powders
<p>Spectral reflectance data for "Visible and Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectra of Igneous Rocks and Their Powders".</p>
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