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29 results for “Rhinoclemmys”
Figure 6 in Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical history of the genus Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger, 1835 and the monophyly of the turtle family Geoemydidae (Testudines: Testudinoidea)
Figure 6. Time calibration using the program BEAST. The error bar on each node represents the 95% confidence interval calculated by the program. The column on the right shows the time slice of Isthmian closure (3.5–2.5 Mya; Coates & Obando, 1996). Pli + Ple: Pliocene + Pleistocene.
Figure 4 in Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical history of the genus Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger, 1835 and the monophyly of the turtle family Geoemydidae (Testudines: Testudinoidea)
Figure 4. Strict consensus of three most parsimonious trees produced from 3373 aligned characters (TL = 3337; CI = 0.43; RI = 0.59) using maximum parsimony. Of these, 2315 are constant characters and 798 are potentially parsimony-informative. Numbers above and below branches are bootstrap (> 50%) and Bremer values, respectively.
Figure 3. A, the single most parsimonious tree derived from 2129 in Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical history of the genus Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger, 1835 and the monophyly of the turtle family Geoemydidae (Testudines: Testudinoidea)
Figure 3. A, the single most parsimonious tree derived from 2129 aligned characters of mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, cyt-b) (CI = 0.40; TL = 31; RI = 0.58) using maximum parsimony. Of these, 1229 characters are constant and 708 characters are parsimony-informative. Numbers above branches are bootstrap values and below are Bremer values. B, strict consensus of 96 trees generated from 1244 aligned characters of nuclear genes (Rag1 and Cmos) (CI = 0.82; TL = 205; RI = 0.84) using maximum parsimony. Of these, 1086 characters are constant and 90 are parsimonyinformative. Numbers above branches are bootstrap values and below are Bremer values.
Figure 2 in Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical history of the genus Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger, 1835 and the monophyly of the turtle family Geoemydidae (Testudines: Testudinoidea)
Figure 2. Previous hypotheses regarding the position of Rhinoclemmys among geoemydids (upper cladograms) and the relationships among the species of the genus (lower cladograms). †Fossil taxon.
Figure 1 in Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical history of the genus Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger, 1835 and the monophyly of the turtle family Geoemydidae (Testudines: Testudinoidea)
Figure 1. Distribution of the family Geoemydidae (data compiled from Iverson, 1992).
Data from: Complex phylogeography in Rhinoclemmys melanosterna: conflicting mitochondrial and nuclear evidence suggests past hybridization (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
We examined differentiation within the Colombian wood turtle Rhinoclemmys melanosterna, and among R. melanosterna and the closely allied species R. diademata, R. funerea and R. punctularia, based on 1060 base pairs of the mitochondrial cyt b gene. We also assessed the phylogenetic relationships among these species using 2050 bp of mtDNA (partial cyt b, 12S and 16S genes) and 3620 bp of nuclear DNA (partial Rag 1, Rag 2, C-mos, R35 and ODC genes). There is considerable phylogeographic structuring within R. melanosterna, with seven distinct clades distributed across the species' range. These clades correspond to some extent with previously described differences in the dorsal pattern of head coloration. Individual and combined analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA indicated contradictory relationships among R. melanosterna, R. diademata, R. funerea and R. punctularia. Mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed R. melanosterna to be non-monophyletic with respect to R. diademata, R. funerea and R. punctularia. In contrast, R. melanosterna constituted a well-supported monophyletic clade using nuclear DNA. This conflict between mitochondrial and nuclear data suggests past gene flow among the allopatrically and parapatrically distributed species R. melanosterna, R. diademata, R. funerea and R. punctularia. Compared to the other Rhinoclemmys species, the taxa under study are weakly differentiated. To assess their taxonomic status, further research is warranted using additional nuclear markers and additional samples of R. diademata, R. funerea and R. punctularia. For the time being, a continued classification of R. melanosterna, R. diademata, R. funerea and R. punctularia as distinct species is justified owing to their allopatric and parapatric distributions, and to conserve the established usage of names that is based on characteristic and distinct phenotypes associated with each species.
FIGURE 2 in A quarter millenium of uses and misuses of the turtle name Testudo scabra: Identification of the type specimens of T. scabra Linnaeus 1758 (= Rhinoclemmys punctularia) and T. scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792 (= Trachemys scripta scripta)
FIGURE 2. Illustration from Lacépède (1788:161, pl. 10), showing his specimen of "La Raboteuse" referred to Testudo scabra L. This appears to show a specimen of Rhinoclemmys punctularia.
FIGURE 1 in A quarter millenium of uses and misuses of the turtle name Testudo scabra: Identification of the type specimens of T. scabra Linnaeus 1758 (= Rhinoclemmys punctularia) and T. scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792 (= Trachemys scripta scripta)
FIGURE 1. Illustrations from Seba (1734: pl. 79, figs. 1 and 2), showing his Testudo terrestris amboinensis major, later synonymized by Linnaeus (1766) under his concept of Testudo scabra. This appears to show a very young specimen of Melanochelys trijuga trijuga or Melanochelys trijuga thermalis.
FIGURE 7 in A quarter millenium of uses and misuses of the turtle name Testudo scabra: Identification of the type specimens of T. scabra Linnaeus 1758 (= Rhinoclemmys punctularia) and T. scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792 (= Trachemys scripta scripta)
FIGURE 7. Type specimen (holotype) of Testudo scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792, donated by Thunberg between ca. 1785–92 to the Uppsala University Museum of Zoology (now catalogued as UUZM Types 7455), dried hatchling, ca. 31 mm straight CL. The original tag by Thunberg reads "Testudo scripta. Mus. Thunb." This specimen represents Trachemys scripta scripta.
FIGURE 4 in A quarter millenium of uses and misuses of the turtle name Testudo scabra: Identification of the type specimens of T. scabra Linnaeus 1758 (= Rhinoclemmys punctularia) and T. scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792 (= Trachemys scripta scripta)
FIGURE 4. Illustration from Schoepff (1792: pl. 3, figs. 4–5), showing the holotype of Testudo scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792 (also Testudo scabra L. sensu Thunberg in Schoepff) (presently Trachemys scripta scripta). On the plate these figures are labeled "Test. scripta Thunb." and the specimen is clearly a hatchling. The specimen itself was originally catalogued as Testudo scripta by Thunberg sometime between 1785 and 1792 and donated by him to the Uppsala University Museum of Zoology, and it is still there as a badly dried and misshaped specimen now catalogued as UUZM Types 7455 (see Fig. 7).
FIGURE 3 in A quarter millenium of uses and misuses of the turtle name Testudo scabra: Identification of the type specimens of T. scabra Linnaeus 1758 (= Rhinoclemmys punctularia) and T. scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792 (= Trachemys scripta scripta)
FIGURE 3. Illustration from Schoepff (1792: pl. 3, f. 1), showing the specimen of Testudo scabra L. sensu Retzius that he re-named as the new species Testudo galeata (later Pelomedusa galeata, currently a subjective synonym of Pelomedusa subrufa). The specimen in this drawing is the holotype of Testudo galeata Schoepff 1792.
FIGURE 6. Maximum Likelihood tree for Rhinoclemmys melanosterna, R. diademata, R. funerea, R. punctularia and R in Complex phylogeography in Rhinoclemmys melanosterna: conflicting mitochondrial and nuclear evidence suggests past hybridization (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
FIGURE 6. Maximum Likelihood tree for Rhinoclemmys melanosterna, R. diademata, R. funerea, R. punctularia and R. nasuta, based on 3620 bp of nuclear DNA (partial Rag 1, Rag 2, C-mos, R35 and ODC genes). Support values along branches are thorough bootstrap values> 50. Bold branches are supported by posterior probabilities> 0.95 in Bayesian analyses. Note the monophyly of R. melanosterna; lineages I–IV are distributed in the western part, lineages VI and VII in the eastern part of the range.
FIGURE 5. Maximum Likelihood tree for Rhinoclemmys melanosterna, R. diademata, R. funerea, R. punctularia and R in Complex phylogeography in Rhinoclemmys melanosterna: conflicting mitochondrial and nuclear evidence suggests past hybridization (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
FIGURE 5. Maximum Likelihood tree for Rhinoclemmys melanosterna, R. diademata, R. funerea, R. punctularia and R. nasuta, based on 2050 bp of mitochondrial DNA (partial cyt b, 12S and 16S genes). Support values along branches are thorough bootstrap values> 50. Bold branches are supported by posterior probabilities of 1.0 in Bayesian analyses (no other branches had support values equal to or greater than 0.95). Note the polyphyly of R. melanosterna.
FIGURE 4 in Complex phylogeography in Rhinoclemmys melanosterna: conflicting mitochondrial and nuclear evidence suggests past hybridization (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
FIGURE 4. Geographical variation of head pattern in Rhinoclemmys melanosterna. Figured turtles are: (a) MTD T 4885, Cazuela, Lorica, Córdoba, Colombia; (b) MTD T 4888, Sicara, Lorica, Córdoba, Colombia; (c) MTD T 4726, Montelibano, Córdoba, Colombia; (d) MTD T 4569, Qda. Carmelo, Caucasia, Antioquia, Colombia; (e) MTD T 9167, Ladrilleros, Valle del Cauca, Colombia; (f) MTD T 9171, Ciénaga de Barbacoas, Antioquia, Colombia; (g) MTD T 4565, Caño Grande, Cesar, Colombia; F = R. funerea; D = R. diademata; P = R. punctularia. Colour of ranges of R. funerea, R. melanosterna and R. diademata correspond to Figure 1. Roman numerals indicate mitochondrial clades of R. melanosterna, coloured circles symbolize different colours of head stripes. Symbols without Roman numerals refer to specimens described by Medem (1962); vouchers are in the collection of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogotá, Colombia (see text).
FIGURE 3 in Complex phylogeography in Rhinoclemmys melanosterna: conflicting mitochondrial and nuclear evidence suggests past hybridization (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
FIGURE 3. Parsimony network of cyt b haplotypes of Rhinoclemmys melanosterna, including sequences of R. diademata, R. funerea and R. punctularia, based on an alignment of 1060 bp length. Circle size indicates haplotype frequency. Missing node haplotypes are shown as small black circles. Each line connecting haplotypes corresponds to one mutational step, if not otherwise indicated by bold numbers. Stippled connections were not established under the 95% criterion. Haplotype codes refer to Appendix I.
FIGURE 1 in Complex phylogeography in Rhinoclemmys melanosterna: conflicting mitochondrial and nuclear evidence suggests past hybridization (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
FIGURE 1. Approximate ranges of Rhinoclemmys melanosterna and the allied species R. funerea, R. diademata and R. punctularia (top; based on Rueda-Almonacid et al. 2007) and sampling sites for R. melanosterna (bottom; red dots). Stippled line separates the distribution of the two clusters of mitochondrial haplotypes of R. melanosterna; Roman numerals indicate haplotypes. Inset: Female R. melanosterna from Cangrejo, Córdoba (Colombia).
FIGURE 2. Maximum Likelihood tree for cyt b in Complex phylogeography in Rhinoclemmys melanosterna: conflicting mitochondrial and nuclear evidence suggests past hybridization (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
FIGURE 2. Maximum Likelihood tree for cyt b haplotypes (1060 bp) of Rhinoclemmys melanosterna, including sequences of the other eight Rhinoclemmys species. Haplotype codes correspond to Figure 3 and Appendix I (see there for GenBank accession numbers). Support values along branches are thorough bootstrap values> 50. Bold branches are supported by posterior probabilities> 0.95 in Bayesian analyses. Root length shortened by 75%. Note the polyphyly of R. melanosterna.
FIGURE 7. Maximum Likelihood tree for Rhinoclemmys melanosterna, R. diademata, R. funerea, R. punctularia and R in Complex phylogeography in Rhinoclemmys melanosterna: conflicting mitochondrial and nuclear evidence suggests past hybridization (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
FIGURE 7. Maximum Likelihood tree for Rhinoclemmys melanosterna, R. diademata, R. funerea, R. punctularia and R. nasuta, based on the supermatrix of 2050 bp of mitochondrial DNA (partial cyt b, 12S and 16S genes) concatenated with 3620 bp of nuclear DNA (partial Rag 1, Rag 2, C-mos, R35 and ODC genes). Support values along branches are thorough bootstrap values> 50. Bold branches are supported by posterior probabilities of 1.0 in Bayesian analyses (no other branches had support values equal to or greater than 0.95; for further explanation see text). Root length shortened by 80%. Note the weak support for the monophyly of R. melanosterna and most other clades.
FIGURE4 in Serpinema cayennensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Camallanidae), a parasite of the freshwater turtle Rhinoclemmys punctularia Daudin (Reptilia: Testudines: Geoemydidae) from French Guiana: morphology and phylogenetic relationships with other turtle-parasitising camallanids
FIGURE4. Phylogenetic tree of Serpinema cayennensis n. sp. and four species of Camallanus based on Bayesian Inference analysis of partial 18S rDNA sequences.
FIGURE2. Serpinema cayennensis n in Serpinema cayennensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Camallanidae), a parasite of the freshwater turtle Rhinoclemmys punctularia Daudin (Reptilia: Testudines: Geoemydidae) from French Guiana: morphology and phylogenetic relationships with other turtle-parasitising camallanids
FIGURE2. Serpinema cayennensis n. sp. from Rhinoclemmys punctularia Daudin from French Guiana, photomicrographs. A—anterior end of body, male, lateral view; B—anterior end of body, female, lateral view; C—buccal capsule, male, lateral view; D—buccal capsule, female, lateral view; E—dorsal trident, female, dorsal view; F—part of female genital system near vulva, lateral view; G—posterior end of body, female, lateral view; H—posterior end of body, male, lateral view; I—male spicules, lateral view.
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