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195 results for “Rhizomes”
Eriophorum vaginatum rhizome nitrogen content from the 2007 Anaktuvuk River fire scar measured in 2019.
This file contains Eriophorum vaginatum rhizome biomass from a 2017 biomass pluck of previously burned tundra (2007 Anaktuvuk River Fire) and nearby unburned tundra. Rhizome biomass from the pluck was combined with rhizome percent nitrogen estimates (2.47% at the Anaktuvuk River Fire, and 1.05% at the nearby unburned site) to estimate grams of nitrogen per meter squared, to evaluate differences in winter forage quality for the rodent herbivore, Microtus oeconomus. Percent nitrogen estimates were derived from pooled rhizome samples collected from the two sites in late 2018. The goals of the project were to examine the impact of post-fire changes in plant community composition, nutrient quality and structure on habitat suitability and rodent herbivore activity in response to a large, severe, and unprecedented fire in northern Alaska moist acidic tundra.
PBB02 Belowground Plot Experiment: Biomass and nutrient content of Rhizomes
To address the potential interactive effects of fire, aboveground biomass removal, and nutrient amendments on above- and belowground responses, a long-term field experiment was initiated in 1986 as part of the Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program. The general goals of this experiment are: 1) to document both short- and long-term responses of plants and soils to fire, aboveground biomass removal (a surrogate for grazing in these small plots), and nutrient amendments (additions of N and/or P); and 2) to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying tallgrass prairie responses to fire, aboveground biomass removal and nutrient enrichment. Standing crops of live and dead rhizomes (0.1 sq. m2 * 20cm deep samples) are taken in late summer periodically from 64 belowground plots. N and P content are determined on live and dead rhizomes. N and P for forb rhizomes are available for some plots in some years.
Visualization of Marsh Grass Roots and Rhizomes by CT imaging: VCR salt marshes, summer 2012
Computer-aided tomography and image processing previously has been used to accurately and rapidly quantify coarse root mass in coastal wetlands (Davey et al. 2011. Ecological Applications). The data in this data base are being used to develop the technique to allow for resolution of fine roots. The contribution of Spartina alterniflora roots-and-rhizomes (hereafter, roots) to soil volume is measured in VCR mainland marsh soils. Soil cores were collected several different marshes with differing soil types (mineral vs peaty). The cores were scanned by computer-aided tomography and image processing was used to determine the volume of living roots. Our results show that CT imaging may also be used to quantify coarse and fine root volume in salt marsh soils and that in peaty soils, coarse roots make an important contribution to soil volume (up to 53% of the soil volume is live roots). The dataset includes an extensive manual of methods, along with instructional videos.
Variation in the location and timing of experimental severing demonstrates that the persistent rhizome serves multiple functions in a clonal forest understory herb
<p>1. In clonal plants, persistent rhizomes can serve multiple purposes, including resource storage, modulation of heterogenous resource distributions, maintenance of bud banks and promotion of recovery from disturbance. Clonal plants are commonly long-lived and, in temperate zones, often exhibit organ preformation. Thus, investigations of how the timing of disturbance to the rhizome affects plant performance must occur over multiple growing seasons, but these types of studies are rare.</p> <p>2. We conducted a field experiment to examine how the persistent rhizome supports the existing shoot, new ramet production, and recovery from damage using mayapple (<i>Podophyllum peltatum</i>; Berberidaceae), a common herbaceous perennial of low-light forest understories in Eastern North America. Mayapple maintains a long-lived rhizome and exhibits a developmentally-programmed seasonal pattern of resource transport and new ramet initiation. We varied both the position and timing of rhizome severing in rhizome systems with terminal sexual or vegetative shoots, and tracked plants for two years following severing.</p> <p>3. The location and timing of severing affected both plant persistence (production of new shoots) and performance (leaf area), with effects differing for new shoots at the front vs. the back of the rhizome system. Across years, severing location and past years' shoot size influenced plant persistence and performance, while the effect of timing of severing diminished; initial sexual status had little effect on rhizome system response that was not accounted for by initial leaf area. Severing generally led to the establishment of two independent rhizome systems. Relative to unmanipulated control systems, these two systems had more total leaf area, but less average leaf area per system.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our results point to the rhizome as a resource integrator that affects plant responses to disturbance immediately following damage and in subsequent growing seasons. Rhizome bud age and/or subtending rhizome size, and developmental program influence responses to disturbance. While the effects of experimental disturbance on plant performance decreased two years after disturbance, further long-term investigation is needed to fully understand the demographic consequences of damage to persistent rhizomes. </p>
Fig. 1. Rhizome cross sections. A. Zingiber shuanglongense C.L.Yeh & S.W in Taxonomic revision of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) of Taiwan
Fig. 1. Rhizome cross sections. A. Zingiber shuanglongense C.L.Yeh & S.W.Chung (Aluwan historical trail, Y.C. Lin 1342 (TCF)). B. Other taxa, represented by Z. pleiostachyum K.Schum. (Chichidashan, Y.C. Lin 1290 (TCF)). Photos: L.P. Hsu. Scale bars = 1 cm.
Fig. 9. Zingiber chengii Y.H.Tseng, C.M.Wang & Y.C.Lin, Jianshih Township. A. Habit. B. Rhizome. C in Taxonomic revision of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) of Taiwan
Fig. 9. Zingiber chengii Y.H.Tseng, C.M.Wang & Y.C.Lin, Jianshih Township. A. Habit. B. Rhizome. C. Leaf adaxial (left) and abaxial (right) surface. D. Ligule. E. Inflorescence. F. Flower. G. Bracts. H. Calyx tube. I. Corolla lobes. J. Labellum. K. Stamen and pistil. L. Ovary. M. Fruit. N. Seeds. Photos: L.P. Hsu.
Variation in the location and timing of experimental severing demonstrates that the persistent rhizome serves multiple functions in a clonal forest understory herb
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Data from: Characterization of rhizome transcriptome and identification of a rhizomatous ER body in the clonal plant Cardamine leucantha
<p>The rhizome is a plant organ that develops from a shoot apical meristem but penetrates into belowground environments. To characterize the gene expression profile of rhizomes, we compared the rhizome transcriptome with those of the leaves, shoots and roots of a rhizomatous Brassicaceae plant, <i>Cardamine leucantha.</i> Overall, rhizome transcriptomes were characterized by the absence of genes that show rhizome-specific expression and expression profiles intermediate between those of shoots and roots. Our results suggest that both endogenous developmental factors and external environmental factors are important for controlling the rhizome transcriptome. Genes that showed relatively high expression in the rhizome compared to shoots and roots included those related to belowground defense, control of reactive oxygen species, and cell elongation under dark conditions. A comparison of transcriptomes further allowed us to identify the presence of an ER body, a defense-related belowground organelle, in epidermal cells of the <i>C. leucantha </i>rhizome, which is the first report of ER bodies in rhizome tissue.</p>
Photosynthesis and rhizome carbohydrate concentrations of switchgrass grown from reserve-depleted rhizomes
<p class="MsoNormal">A long-standing question in perennial grass breeding and physiology is whether yield improvement strategies could compromise winter survival. Perennial grasses rely on the pool of carbohydrates accumulated in storage organs from the previous growing season for winter maintenance and spring regrowth. Yield improvement strategies could reduce winter survival if they increase biomass and grain yields at the expense of carbon allocation to storage. Therefore, it is crucial to better understand the dependence of regrowth on storage reserves. We experimentally depleted switchgrass (<em>Panicum virgatum</em> L.) rhizome reserves by storing rhizomes for two weeks at 5 °C (control treatment) and 25 °C (reserve-depleted treatment). During the storage period rhizome respiration was 5.3x higher at 25 °C (0.010 <span>μ</span>mol CO<sub>2</sub> g<sup>-1</sup> min<sup>-1</sup> at 5 °C vs. 0.054 <span>μ</span>molCO<sub>2</sub> g<sup>-1</sup> min<sup>-1</sup> at 25 °C; P < 0.0001) and the starch content was depleted by 30% by the end of storage. Surprisingly, reserve-depleted switchgrass had 60 % larger leaf area, and produced ~40% more aboveground biomass than control plants. In addition, it restored its rhizome starch reserves to pre-storage levels. Switchgrass showed a large plasticity amongst its source-sink components to buffer the imposed reserve depletion. It increased plant photosynthesis by increasing the photosynthetic leaf area while keeping photosynthesis constant on a leaf area basis and readjusted the timing and activity of sink organs to maintain a constant allocation of carbon to storage that was greater than the control treatment. These results suggest that switchgrass, and potentially other perennial grasses, largely over-invest in storage reserves, therefore, current breeding strategies in perennial grasses aimed to extend the growing season should not compromise crop persistence. Our study also has implications on long-term yield dynamics as it highlights sink-limitations as potential driver of the yield decline commonly observed in perennial grasses 5+ years after cultivation.</p>
Photosynthesis and rhizome carbohydrate concentrations of switchgrass grown from reserve-depleted rhizomes
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Data from: Characterization of rhizome transcriptome and identification of a rhizomatous ER body in the clonal plant Cardamine leucantha
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FIGURE 44. Bromus inermis. A. Rhizome B. Ligule and auricles. C. Spikelet. D. Inflorescence. E in A taxonomic revision of Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae: Bromeae) in México and Central America
FIGURE 44. Bromus inermis. A. Rhizome B. Ligule and auricles. C. Spikelet. D. Inflorescence. E. Lemmas. Illustration by C.T. Roché, reproduced from Barkworth et al. (2007) with permission.
FIGURE. Differences of Adiantum japonicum and A. pedatum. A–C, G–I, M–O: A. japonicum; D–F, J–L, P–R: A. pedatum. A, D. rhizome; B, E. stipe; C, F. scales of stipe; G, J. pinna at apex; H, K. pinnules; I. L. Direction of leaf branching; M-R. spore. Photo credit: Ting Zhao. in Adiantum japonicum, a new species of the Adiantum pedatum complex (Pteridaceae) from Japan
FIGURE. Differences of Adiantum japonicum and A. pedatum. A–C, G–I, M–O: A. japonicum; D–F, J–L, P–R: A. pedatum. A, D. rhizome; B, E. stipe; C, F. scales of stipe; G, J. pinna at apex; H, K. pinnules; I. L. Direction of leaf branching; M-R. spore. Photo credit: Ting Zhao.
FIGURE. The Bayesian tree of the Adaintum pedatum complex based on chloroplast markers and corresponding rhizome type. Support values (Bayesian inference posterior probability (BIPP) (upper) ≥ 0.5, and maximum likelihood bootstrap support (MLBS) (nether) ≥ 50%) are shown above the main branches, the thickened branches indicate MLBS=100 and BIPP=1. Yellow bar means erect rhizome; blue bar means creeping rhizome; gray bar means decumbent or short-creeping rhizome. in Adiantum japonicum, a new species of the Adiantum pedatum complex (Pteridaceae) from Japan
FIGURE. The Bayesian tree of the Adaintum pedatum complex based on chloroplast markers and corresponding rhizome type. Support values (Bayesian inference posterior probability (BIPP) (upper) ≥ 0.5, and maximum likelihood bootstrap support (MLBS) (nether) ≥ 50%) are shown above the main branches, the thickened branches indicate MLBS=100 and BIPP=1. Yellow bar means erect rhizome; blue bar means creeping rhizome; gray bar means decumbent or short-creeping rhizome.
FIGURE 3. Begonia nigritarum. A. habit. B. inflorescence. C. staminate flower. D. pistillate flower. E. developing capsule. F. leaf, abaxial view. G. rhizome. Scale bars for A in Begonia ×dinglensis, a natural hybrid of Philippine Begonia section Baryandra, as evidenced by morphological, phylogenetic and cytological data
FIGURE 3. Begonia nigritarum. A. habit. B. inflorescence. C. staminate flower. D. pistillate flower. E. developing capsule. F. leaf, abaxial view. G. rhizome. Scale bars for A is 10 cm, B and G are 1 cm, C–E are 0.5 cm, F is 3 cm. [All photos from Ching-I Peng 23858 (HAST).]
FIGURE 2. Begonia camiguinensis. A. habit. B. inflorescence. C. staminate flower. D. pistillate flower. E. developing capsule. F. leaf, abaxial view. G. rhizome. Scale bars for A in Begonia ×dinglensis, a natural hybrid of Philippine Begonia section Baryandra, as evidenced by morphological, phylogenetic and cytological data
FIGURE 2. Begonia camiguinensis. A. habit. B. inflorescence. C. staminate flower. D. pistillate flower. E. developing capsule. F. leaf, abaxial view. G. rhizome. Scale bars for A is 10 cm, B and G are 1 cm, C–E are 0.5 cm, F is 3 cm. [All photos from Ching-I Peng 23853 (HAST).]
FIGURE 3. Parnassia wightiana. A. Plant with flower and fruit. B. Floriferous stem. C. Rhizome. D in The genus Parnassia in Vietnam, and a checklist of Vietnamese Celastraceae
FIGURE 3. Parnassia wightiana. A. Plant with flower and fruit. B. Floriferous stem. C. Rhizome. D. Cauline leaf, adaxial and abaxial views. E. Basal leaf, adaxial and abaxial views. F. Flower, top view. G. Flower, side view. H. Flower, oblique view. Pham Van The et al. TB 069 (A–E) and Pham Van The et al. CPC 4488 (F–H). Photos by V.T. Pham.
FIGURE 2. Polystichum jinpingense.—A. Habit.—B. Rhizome scale.—C in Polystichum jinpingense (subg. Haplopolystichum; Dryopteridaceae), a new fern from southeastern Yunnan, China
FIGURE 2. Polystichum jinpingense.—A. Habit.—B. Rhizome scale.—C. Portion of petiole.—D. Portion of basal rachis with pinnae.— E, F. Rachis scales (Drawn by Z-LL based on the holotype, scale bars A & D = 1 cm, B & C = 1 mm, E & F = 0.5 mm).
FIGURE. Individuals in two Populations of Sanicula orthacantha var. brevispina from China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, showing the variation in plant size and rhizome character (each line represents a population). A. C.H. Li 1122 (NAS). B. H.M. Li & Y.S. Zhang 1151 (NAS). in Taxonomic studies on the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) from China ( ): The clarification of some morphological distinction between S. orthacantha var. orthacantha and S. orthacantha var. brevispina, with the reduction of S. petagnioides to the synonymy of the former, and S. orthacantha var. stolonifera to
FIGURE. Individuals in two Populations of Sanicula orthacantha var. brevispina from China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, showing the variation in plant size and rhizome character (each line represents a population). A. C.H. Li 1122 (NAS). B. H.M. Li & Y.S. Zhang 1151 (NAS).
FIGURE. Sanicula orthacantha var. brevispina in the wild (China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, the type locality of S. orthacantha var. brevispina and S. orthacantha var. stolonifera). A. Habitat and habit. B. Rhizome. C. Leaves (left: adaxial surface; right: abaxial surface). D. Portion of inflorescence (side view). E. Portion of inflorescence (top view). F. Involucrate bracts. G. Umbellule (side view), a) involucellate bracteoles, b) calyx teeth. H. Staminate flowers (side view). I. Fertile flower with fruit, style, petals and calyx teeth. J. Mericarps. in Taxonomic studies on the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) from China ( ): The clarification of some morphological distinction between S. orthacantha var. orthacantha and S. orthacantha var. brevispina, with the reduction of S. petagnioides to the synonymy of the former, and S. orthacantha var. stolonifera to
FIGURE. Sanicula orthacantha var. brevispina in the wild (China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, the type locality of S. orthacantha var. brevispina and S. orthacantha var. stolonifera). A. Habitat and habit. B. Rhizome. C. Leaves (left: adaxial surface; right: abaxial surface). D. Portion of inflorescence (side view). E. Portion of inflorescence (top view). F. Involucrate bracts. G. Umbellule (side view), a) involucellate bracteoles, b) calyx teeth. H. Staminate flowers (side view). I. Fertile flower with fruit, style, petals and calyx teeth. J. Mericarps.
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