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288 results for “Root effect”
Effects of inoculation of restored and remnant prairie soils on growth, nodulation, and root colonization of three prairie legumes
In this dataset, we present legume biomass, nodule number, and % root colonization of three species of prairie legumes (Amorpha canescens, Lespedeza capitata, and Dalea purpurea) when inoculated with soil from one of 6 remnant or 10 restored prairies in southwest Michigan, USA. Plants were grown for 10 weeks in a growth chamber.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Litter and Soil Decomposition: Fine Root Biomass and Chemistry
The influence of inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs on decomposition is poorly understood. Some prior studies suggest that N may reduce the decomposition of substrates with high concentrations of lignin via inhibitory effects on the activity of lignin-degrading enzymes, although such inhibition has not always been demonstrated. The purpose of E145 was to study the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on decomposition of seven substrates ranging in initial lignin concentrations (from 7.4 - 25.6%) over five years in eight different grassland and forest sites in central Minnesota.
Effects of permafrost thaw on nitrogen availability and plant-soil interactions in a boreal Alaskan lowland: III - Root Abundance 2013
This dataset examines shifts in rooting along a lowland boreal permafrost thaw chronosequence. Data was collected in 2013 at the APEX Beta and forested study plots, located adjacent to the BNZ experimental forest.
Root biomass data: Biodiversity II: Effects of Plant Biodiversity on Population and Ecosystem Processes
Biodiversity II (E120) is designed to determine how the number of plant species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year, that result can be examined. Plots are large (9m x 9m actively maintained) and well-replicated, allowing responses of plant pathogens, insect herbivores, seed predators, soil parameters, invasive plant species and other variables to also be studied. Plots were seeded in May 1994 to have 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 species, with roughly 30 replicates of each diversity level. The species composition of each plot was chosen by random draw from a pool of 18 grassland perennials that included four warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, four non-legume forbs, and two woody species. All species occur in monoculture allowing comparison of responses of each species in monoculture to combinations of these same species. The experiment was established in 1994 by the lead investigators David Tilman, Peter Reich, Johannes Knops, and David Wedin. Experiment 120 is similar to Experiment 123, but it uses larger plots to provide a large capacity for long-term subexperiments.
Ectomycorrhizal fungal effects on soil carbon storage, root litter decomposition, and fungal necromass decomposition
This project investigates the impacts of ectomycorrhizal-saprotrophic fungal interactions on soil C storage and the decomposition of root litter and fungal necromass. Specifically, we conducted a field experiment wherein the ectomycorrhizal:saprotrophic fungal ratio was reduced via experimental trenching (with control plots left untrenched). From these plots we then measured bulk soil C stocks, particulate organic matter C stocks, mineral associated organic matter C stocks, and the decomposition of root litter and fungal necromass. The Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve (CCESR) experiment name is e309 "The effects of mycelial morphology and mycorrhizal type on fungal necromass decomposition."
Effects of microarthropod exclusion and water amendments on fluffgrass growth, root nitrogen, and mite and nematode abundance at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1986-1987
This data package contains data on microarthropods, nematodes, fluff-grass (Dasyochloa pulchella) growth, and root nitrogen in samples from study plots sampled approximately monthly between May 1986 and August 1987 at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico USA. The purpose of this study was to test how watering, and changing densities of soil microarthropods and nematodes, results in changes in fluff grass growth and root nitrogen. Twenty 6 x 6 m plots were established with a 3 m buffer between plots. Five plots were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 1) Chlordane to exclude microarthropods, 2) Chlordane and water, 3) Water, and 4) Control. At monthly intervals, randomly selected fluff grass plants were collected from each plot. This data set consists of plant diameters (cm), mite soil weight (g), root weight (g), nematode soil weight (g), root total nitrogen (mg/g), and nematode number. This study was completed in November 1987.
Data from: The effect of drainage on the fine root biomass, production, and turnover in hemiboreal old-growth forests on organic soils
<p>Information on the capacity of organic soils to capture and store carbon in old-growth forests in the hemiboreal forest zone is scarce and fragmented. However, fine root data can provide valuable insights into soil carbon fluxes. Thus, the aim of the current study was to provide estimates of the fine root biomass (FRB), fine root production (FRP), and fine root turnover (FRT) rate by tree species and other functional groups in old-growth (stand age 131–179 years) forests on mesotrophic organic soils dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), with (drained mesotrophic organic soil) and without (undrained mesotrophic organic soil) the effects of forest drainage. The sequential soil coring method was used to estimate the FRB and FRP. The total FRB (sum of the FRB of all functional groups) was significantly higher in the undrained sites (6.8±0.3 t ha 1) than in the drained sites (3.97±0.1 t ha 1). The FRB of Scots pine in the undrained forest was significantly higher (1.7±0.1 t ha 1) than in the drained forest (0.5±0.1 t ha 1), supporting an extensive foraging strategy. The significantly higher mean FRB of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) (1.4±0.1 t ha 1) in the drained sites than the undrained sites (0.7±0.2 t ha-1) can be explained by there being a higher proportion of spruce in the stand compositions, thus a higher standing volume (cubic meters per hectare) of this species and an increased FRB. The FRB of dwarf shrubs (2.43±0.2 t ha-1) formed the largest part of the total FRB in the undrained sites and the second largest (1.16±0.1 t ha-1), following Norway spruce, in the drained sites. The total FRP was similar between the undrained (2.05±0.31 t ha-1 yr-1) and drained (1.82±0.26 t ha-1 yr-1) stands. However, considerable variability in the FRP was observed between different sites of the same forest site type. The FRT rate of Scots pine was twice as high in the drained sites than the undrained sites, suggesting faster nutrient and carbon input into the drained soil compared to the undrained soil. Estimates of FRB, FRP, and FRT rate for different functional groups can be used in carbon-cycle modeling and in further calculations to estimate the carbon budget (balance) in forests on organic soils.</p>
Limited effect of thermal pruning on wild blueberry crop and its root-associated microbiota - Agricultural dataset
<p>These datasets contain all the agricultural data (soil chemistry, blueberry performance, weeds and diseases...) used in our study.</p>
Figure 1 in Effects of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) and rooting media on rooting and survival of air layered wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) CV Jambu Madu
Figure 1. Effects of different rooting media and various concentrations of IBA on the rooting of wax apple air layers. M C: Sphagnum 1 0 moss (wet) + IBA 0 mg L-1, M C: Vermicompost + IBA 0 mg L-1, M C: Garden soil + IBA 0 mg L-1, M C: Sphagnum moss (wet) + 2 0 3 0 1 1 IBA 1000 mg L-1, M C: Vermicompost + IBA 1000 mg L-1, M C: Garden soil + IBA 1000 mg L-1, M C: Sphagnum moss (wet) + IBA 2 1 3 1 1 2 1500 mg L-1, M C: Vermicompost + IBA 1500 mg L-1, M C: Garden soil + IBA 1500 mg L-1, M C: Sphagnum moss (wet) + IBA 2000 mg 2 2 3 2 1 3 L-1, M C : Vermicompost + IBA 2000 mg L-1 and M C : Garden soil + IBA 2000 mg L-1.
Figure 3 in Effects of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) and rooting media on rooting and survival of air layered wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) CV Jambu Madu
Figure 3. Survival rate of air layers (%) of wax apple as affected by different concentrations of IBA and growing media after detaching from mother plants. M C: Sphagnum moss (wet) + IBA 1000 mg L-1, M C: Vermicompost + IBA 1000 mg L-1, M C: Garden soil + IBA 1 1 2 1 3 1 1000 mg L-1, M C: Sphagnum moss (wet) + IBA 1500 mg L-1, M C: Vermicompost + IBA 1500 mg L-1, M C: Garden soil + IBA 1500 mg L-1, 1 2 2 2 3 2 M C : Sphagnum moss (wet) + IBA 2000 mg L-1, M C : Vermicompost + IBA 2000 mg L-1 and M C : Garden soil + IBA 2000 mg L-1.
Figure 2 in Effects of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) and rooting media on rooting and survival of air layered wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) CV Jambu Madu
Figure 2. Effects of IBA hormones and different rooting media on the survivability of rate of wax apple air layered. M 1 C 0: Sphagnum moss (wet) + IBA 0 mg L-1, M C: Vermicompost + IBA 0 mg L-1, M C: Garden soil + IBA 0 mg L-1, M C: Sphagnum moss (wet) + IBA 2 0 3 0 1 1 1000 mg L-1, M C: Vermicompost + IBA 1000 mg L-1, M C: Garden soil + IBA 1000 mg L-1, M C: Sphagnum moss (wet) + IBA 1500 mg L-1, 2 1 3 1 1 2 M C: Vermicompost + IBA 1500 mg L-1, M C: Garden soil + IBA 1500 mg L-1, M C: Sphagnum moss (wet) + IBA 2000 mg L-1, M C: 2 2 3 2 1 3 2 3 Vermicompost + IBA 2000 mg L-1 and M C: Garden soil + IBA 2000 mg L-1. Bars represent means (n = 7) ± standard error (S.E.). a, b, and 3 3 c indicate significant differences within each growth period (p <0.05).
Dataset for: The barrier to radial oxygen loss protects roots against hydrogen sulphide intrusion and its toxic effect
<ul> <li> <span>The root barrier to radial O<sub>2</sub> loss (ROL) is a key root trait preventing </span><span>O<sub>2</sub></span><span> loss from roots to anoxic soils thereby enabling root growth into anoxic, flooded soils. </span> </li> <li> <span>We hypothesized that the ROL barrier can also prevent intrusion of hydrogen sulphide (H<sub>2</sub>S), a potent phytotoxin in flooded soils. Using H2S and </span><span>O<sub>2</sub></span><span>-sensitive microsensors, we measured the apparent permeance to </span><span>H<sub>2</sub>S</span><span> of rice roots and tested whether restricted </span><span>H<sub>2</sub>S</span><span> intrusion reduced its adverse effects on root respiration and if </span><span>H<sub>2</sub>S</span><span> could induce the formation of a ROL barrier.</span> </li> <li> <span>The ROL barrier reduced apparent permeance to </span><span>H<sub>2</sub>S</span><span> by almost 99%, greatly restricting </span><span>H<sub>2</sub>S</span><span> intrusion. The ROL barrier acted as a shield towards </span><span>H<sub>2</sub>S</span><span>; </span><span>O<sub>2</sub></span><span> consumption in roots with a ROL barrier remained unaffected at high </span><span>H<sub>2</sub>S</span><span> concentration (500 µM), compared to a 67% decline in roots without a barrier. Importantly, low </span><span>H<sub>2</sub>S</span><span> concentrations induced the formation of a ROL barrier.</span> </li> <li> <span>In conclusion, the ROL barrier plays a key role in protecting against </span><span>H<sub>2</sub>S</span><span> intrusion, and </span><span>H<sub>2</sub>S</span><span> can act as an environmental signalling molecule for the induction of the barrier. The study demonstrates the multiple functions of the suberized/lignified outer part of the rice root beyond that of restricting ROL.</span> </li> </ul>
Fine-root production in boreal peatland forests: effects of stand and environmental factors
<p>Fine-root production (FRP) data along with climatic variables (annual precipitation, temperature sum, and latitude) and stand variables (tree stand stem volume; tree stand basal area; stand basal area of tree species including Scots pine, Norway spruce and deciduous trees; site type; peat type; peat depth; C:N ratio of topmost 20 cm peat layer; grouping of sites to nutrient rich and nutrient poo; average soil water-table level) from 28 forestry-drained peatland forest sites in Finland,</p> <p>FRP and its depth distribution were estimated using ingrowth cores. The ingrowth cores were installed between October 15th and November 27th, 2013, and recovered after two years in late November 2015.</p>
Multi-scale effects on the hydraulic behaviour of a root-permeated and compacted soil
<p>Dataset obtained from multi-scale observations on the hydraulic behaviour of a root-permeated and compacted soil.</p>
Dataset for: The barrier to radial oxygen loss protects roots against hydrogen sulphide intrusion and its toxic effect
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Data from: The effect of drainage on the fine root biomass, production, and turnover in hemiboreal old-growth forests on organic soils
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Data from: Plant diversity loss has limited effects on belowground biomass and traits but alters community short-term root production in a species-rich grassland
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Effects of mammalian browsing on fine root processes and production in the floodplains of BCEF
The effects of browsing by moose and snowshoe hares on fine root production, mortality and decomposition in early successional forest ecosystems along the Tanana River floodplain in interior Alaska were studied over a 3 year period using minirhizotrons placed inside and outside large permanent exclosures. Fine root production and mortality varied seasonally, with greatest rates of production occurring during June each year, and greatest rates of mortality occurring in fall and over winter. Annual production and mortality during 1993, a year of unusually low precipitation, were significantly higher than during either 1992 or 1994. Aboveground herbivory significantly reduced monthly rates of fine root production, and on an annual basis, fine root production of browsed plots (311.4 - 31.7 mm tube-1 yr-1) was significantly less than that of unbrowsed plots (453.8-49.8 mm tube-1 yr-1) when averaged over 3 years. Because herbivory had less of an effect on monthly or annual rates of fine root mortality, fine root turnover was higher for browsed stands. Browsed plants had a higher percentage of annual production in surface soil layers. Production on all plots shifted to deeper soil layers as the growing season progressed; this shift occurred deeper in the profile for unbrowsed plants than for browsed plants. We used a parameter estimation program (Program MARK) to generate fine root survival and decomposition estimates from models testing the direct and interactive effects of time period, cohort, i.e., when the root first appeared, age of the root, browsing, and site on fine root longevity and decomposability. Cohort effects showed that survival of fine roots was greatest for roots that first appeared in May, and progressively declined for roots first appearing during subsequent time periods, while aged-based estimates showed a rapid decline in survival over the interval following first appearance. Survival and decomposition estimates were inversely correlated within a grow
Data from: The effect of root-associated microbes on plant growth and chemical defence traits across two contrasted elevations,
<p>1. Ecotypic differences in plant growth and anti-herbivore defence phenotypes are determined by the complex interactions between the abiotic and the biotic environment.</p> <p>2. Root-associated microbes (RAMs) are pervasive in nature, vary over climatic gradients, and have been shown to influence the expression of multiple plant functional traits related to biomass accumulation and biotic interactions. We addressed how variation in climatic conditions between lowland and sub-alpine habitats in the Alps and RAMs can independently or interactively affect plant growth and anti-herbivore defence trait expression.</p> <p>3. To address the contribution of climate and RAMs on growth and chemical defences of high- and low-elevation Plantago major ecotypes, we performed a full-factorial reciprocal transplant field experiment at two elevations. We coupled it with plant functional trait measurements and metabolomics analyses.</p> <p>4. We found that local growing climatic conditions mostly influenced how the ecotypes grew, but we also found that the high- and low-elevation ecotypes improved biomass accumulation if in the presence of their own-elevation RAMs. Second, we found that while chemical defence expression was affected by climate, they were also more highly expressed when plants were inoculated with low elevation RAMs.</p> <p>5. Synthesis – Our research demonstrated that RAMs from contrasted elevations impact how plants grow or synthesize toxic secondary metabolites. At low elevation, where biotic interactions are stronger, RAMs enhance plant biomass accumulation and the production of toxic secondary metabolites.</p>
Data from: Local soil legacy effects in a multi-species grassland community are underlain by root foraging and soil nutrient availability
<p>1. Plant soil legacies consisting of species-specific microbial communities are hypothesized to play a critical, structuring role in plant species co-existence processes. Plant species are thought to perform worse on soil conditioned by the same species compared to soil of other species, which serves as a self-limitation mechanism and averts mono-dominance of strong competitors. Here we test in a multi-species community setting, whether root colonisation and resource utilisation of soil patches with distinct soil legacies, are consistent with this hypothesis. 2. We grew eight grassland species together in an outdoor mesocosm setup in unconditioned soil and created soil patches in these communities conditioned by one of four plant species, or a soil mixture of all four. During two subsequent growing seasons, we tested the effect of these conditioned soil patches on belowground root colonisation into the patches of each surrounding plant species using a novel sequencing based approach. In addition, we tested the effect of soil conditioning on local root functioning by injecting tracers into the soil patches and measuring the recovery in aboveground biomass. 3. Against expectations, plant species did not place less roots in own soil patches compared to foreign soil patches, nor did species take up less tracer from own compared to foreign soil patches. Using structural equation modelling, we found that tracer uptake of the plant species was to a varying degree explained by root densities in the various soil patches and by differing soil nutrient availability of the soil patches. We conclude that soil legacy effects are inextricably connected to soil nutrient availability, which needs to be taken into account in plant-soil feedback research to understand the processes that shape plant communities. 4. Synthesis. We found that soil legacy effects in complex, multi-species semi-field conditions did not match expectations based on theory and experiments in controlled conditions. Among the many complicating factors that may modify or even overrule soil legacy effects in semi-field settings, we identified soil nutrient availability as a critical force that may, together with soil biota, shape plant species co-existence processes.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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