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23 results for “Ruminantia”
FIG. 6 in Hungry for fruit? - A case study on the ecology of middle Miocene Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia)
FIG. 6. — Bivariate plot with raw number of scratches versus raw number of pits in Micromeryx flourensianus Lartet, 1851 from Sansan () and Steinheim am Albuch (), in M.? eiselei Aiglstorfer, Costeur, Mennecart & Heizmann, 2017 (), and in Moschus moschiferus Linnaeus, 1758 () plotted in reference to extant leaf dominated ungulate browsers (B), and extant grazers (G) at 35 times magnification (extant comparative data from Semprebon 2002 and Solounias & Semprebon 2002). Gaussian confidence ellipses (p = 0.95) on the centroid are indicated for the extant leaf browsers and grazers (convex hulls) adjusted by sample size.
FIG. 2 in Hungry for fruit? - A case study on the ecology of middle Miocene Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia)
FIG. 2. — Geographic position of the middle Miocene localities Sansan (France) and Steinheim am Albuch (Germany); palinspastic map for the middle Miocene in Central and Western Europe modified after Neubauer et al. (2015).
FIG. 1 in Hungry for fruit? - A case study on the ecology of middle Miocene Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia)
FIG. 1. — Life reconstruction of Micromeryx Lartet, 1851 (based on male skeleton of Micromeryx? eiselei Aiglstorfer, Costeur, Mennecart & Heizmann, 2017; © SMNS).
Predicting body mass in Ruminantia using postcranial measurements
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Figure 3 in The early evolution of cranial appendages in Bovoidea revealed by new species of Amphimoschus (Mammalia: Ruminantia) from China
Figure 3. Dental nomenclature and cheek teeth of Amphimoschus xishuiensis from Tabenbuluk area, China. A, upper premolar: 1, anterior style; 2, anterolabial crista; 3, fossa; 4, anterolingual crista; 5, anterolingual cingulum; 6, labial cone; 7, posterior style; 8, posterolabial crista; 9, central fold; 10, posterolingual crista; 11, lingual cone. B, upper molar: 12, parastyle; 13, anterior fossa; 14, postprotocrista; 15, preprotocrista; 16, protocone; 17, anterior and lingual cingula; 18, preparacrista; 19, paracone; 20, postparacrista; 21, mesostyle; 22, premetacrista; 23, metacone; 24, postmetacrista; 25, metastyle; 26, premetaconulecrista; 27, posterior fossa; 28, postmetaconulecrista; 29, metaconule; 30, entostyle. C, lower premolar: 31, anterior stylid; 32, anterior conid; 33, anterior valley; 34, transverse cristid; 35, posterior valley; 36, posterolingual conid; 37, back valley; 38, posterior stylid; 39, posterolabial conid; 40, mesolabial conid. D, lower molar: 41, mesostylid; 42, premetacristid; 43, metaconid; 44, postmetacristid; 45, metastylid; 46, pre-entocristid; 47, entoconid; 48, postentocristid; 49, posterior fossa; 50, entoconulid; 51, back fossa of m3; 52, hypoconulid; 53, posthypocristid; 54, hypoconid; 55, prehypocristid; 56, ectostylid; 57, protoconid; 58, preprotocristid; 59, postprotocristid; 60, anterior fossa. E, occlusal view of IVPP V 25521.2. F, occlusal view of V 25521.3. G, occlusal view of V 25521.4. H, labial view of V 25521.4. I, occlusal view of V 25521.1. J, lingual view of computed tomography reconstruction of V 25521.1 (3D models seen in Li et al., 2021b). Scale bar applies to E–J.
Figure 2 in The early evolution of cranial appendages in Bovoidea revealed by new species of Amphimoschus (Mammalia: Ruminantia) from China
Figure 2. Skull of Amphimoschus xishuiensis from Tabenbuluk area, China. A, right lateral view of computed tomography (CT) reconstruction of IVPP V 25521.2 (3D models seen in Li et al., 2021b). B, CT scanning screenshots of sagittal view at slice 1115.1, axial view at slice 8158.5, and axial view at slice 6961.5. C, right lateral view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar applies to C and D.
Figure 5 in The early evolution of cranial appendages in Bovoidea revealed by new species of Amphimoschus (Mammalia: Ruminantia) from China
Figure 5. Behaviour and bodyweight of early bovoids. A, ancestral reconstruction of male territories of the latest stem bovoid and bovid (topology modified from Chen et al., 2019). B, boxplot of bodyweight estimation of early bovoids (method and data seen in Supporting Information, File S2, Table S2). The box centre represents the median; box bounds represent the quartiles; whiskers represent maximum and minimum values (±1.5 × the interquartile range); open circles represent outliers; and the box width is proportional to the square root of the number of observations.
Figure 3 in The early evolution of cranial appendages in Bovoidea revealed by new species of Amphimoschus (Mammalia: Ruminantia) from China
Figure 3. Dental nomenclature and cheek teeth of Amphimoschus xishuiensis from Tabenbuluk area, China. A, upper premolar: 1, anterior style; 2, anterolabial crista; 3, fossa; 4, anterolingual crista; 5, anterolingual cingulum; 6, labial cone; 7, posterior style; 8, posterolabial crista; 9, central fold; 10, posterolingual crista; 11, lingual cone. B, upper molar: 12, parastyle; 13, anterior fossa; 14, postprotocrista; 15, preprotocrista; 16, protocone; 17, anterior and lingual cingula; 18, preparacrista; 19, paracone; 20, postparacrista; 21, mesostyle; 22, premetacrista; 23, metacone; 24, postmetacrista; 25, metastyle; 26, premetaconulecrista; 27, posterior fossa; 28, postmetaconulecrista; 29, metaconule; 30, entostyle. C, lower premolar: 31, anterior stylid; 32, anterior conid; 33, anterior valley; 34, transverse cristid; 35, posterior valley; 36, posterolingual conid; 37, back valley; 38, posterior stylid; 39, posterolabial conid; 40, mesolabial conid. D, lower molar: 41, mesostylid; 42, premetacristid; 43, metaconid; 44, postmetacristid; 45, metastylid; 46, pre-entocristid; 47, entoconid; 48, postentocristid; 49, posterior fossa; 50, entoconulid; 51, back fossa of m3; 52, hypoconulid; 53, posthypocristid; 54, hypoconid; 55, prehypocristid; 56, ectostylid; 57, protoconid; 58, preprotocristid; 59, postprotocristid; 60, anterior fossa. E, occlusal view of IVPP V 25521.2. F, occlusal view of V 25521.3. G, occlusal view of V 25521.4. H, labial view of V 25521.4. I, occlusal view of V 25521.1. J, lingual view of computed tomography reconstruction of V 25521.1 (3D models seen in Li et al., 2021b). Scale bar applies to E–J.
Figure 8 in A morphometric and genetic framework for the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816 (Ruminantia: Bovidae) with special focus on Arabian and Levantine mountain gazelles
Figure 8. Phylogeny of the genus Gazella. Consensus tree of 5000 post burn-in trees from Bayesian analysis of mitochondrial control region, cytochrome b and 12S rRNA gene sequences. Branch labels are posterior probabilities. Museum specimens labelled 'G. arabica' are highlighted with grey background. For GenBank accession numbers see Appendix S2. Photographs of living animals courtesy of S. Hammer (http://awwp.alwabra.com, photo gallery).
Figure 5 in A morphometric and genetic framework for the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816 (Ruminantia: Bovidae) with special focus on Arabian and Levantine mountain gazelles
Figure 5. Bi-variate plots of specimen scores for discriminant functions. A, males, DA 2; B, females, DA 6.
Figure 6 in A morphometric and genetic framework for the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816 (Ruminantia: Bovidae) with special focus on Arabian and Levantine mountain gazelles
Figure 6. Classification of the male Gazella arabica type skull ZMB_MAM_2115. A, B, bi-variate plots of specimen scores for main components in PCA 8; C, D, bi-variate plots of specimen scores for discriminant functions in DA 4.
Figure 1 in A morphometric and genetic framework for the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816 (Ruminantia: Bovidae) with special focus on Arabian and Levantine mountain gazelles
Figure 1. Geographical origin of gazelle specimens included in this study. Black icons, specimens sampled for morphometrical data; white icons, specimens sampled for DNA data; grey icons, specimens sampled for morphometrical and DNA data. The geographical origins of specimens sampled for DNA data were taken from the original publications of the sequences (Hammond et al., 2001; Wronski et al., 2010; Zachos et al., 2010; Lerp et al., 2011; Wacher et al., 2011) or the specimen information on GenBank. The geographical range of G. subgutturosa extends further to the east into China and Mongolia.
Figure 2 in A morphometric and genetic framework for the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816 (Ruminantia: Bovidae) with special focus on Arabian and Levantine mountain gazelles
Figure 2. Skull measurements used in this study. Abbreviations correlate with descriptions in Table 3.
FIG. 7. — A in Hungry for fruit? - A case study on the ecology of middle Miocene Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia)
FIG. 7. — A, Percentage of individuals with large pits and gouges for Micromeryx flourensianus Lartet, 1851 from Sansan and Steinheim am Albuch (Sth. a. A.), as well as for modern Moschus Linnaeus, 1758 from Siberia; B, percentage of individuals with different scratch textures for Micromeryx flourensianus from Sansan and Steinheim am Albuch (Sth. a. A.), as well as for modern Moschus from Siberia. Abbreviations: %FS, percentage of individuals with fine scratches; %MS, percentage of individuals with mixed scratches; %CS, percentage of individuals with coarse scratches; %C&HC, percentage of individuals with coarse and hypercoarse scratches.
FIG. 5 in Hungry for fruit? - A case study on the ecology of middle Miocene Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia)
FIG. 5. — Selected microwear features: A, Micromeryx flourensianus Lartet, 1851 (MNHN.F.SA3813) from Sansan, leaf browsing phase (´, small pit;, fine scratch); B, Micromeryx flourensianus (MNHN.F.SA3817) from Sansan, fruit browsing phase (´, puncture-like large pit;´, hypercoarse scratch); C, Micromeryx? eiselei Aiglstorfer, Costeur, Mennecart & Heizmann, 2017 (NMB Sth. 833) from Steinheim am Albuch, leaf browsing phase (´, small pit;, fine scratch); D, Micromeryx flourensianus (NMB Sth. 836) from Steinheim am Albuch, fruit browsing phase (´, puncture-like large pit;, coarse scratch;´, gouge;, hypercoarse scratch); E, Moschus moschiferus Linnaeus, 1758 (SMNS 143), fruit browsing phase (´, puncture-like large pit;, gouge); F, Moschus moschiferus (ZFMK 1997.664) (´, small pit). Scale bars: 0.4 mm. All photos were taken at 50×.
FIG. 4 in Hungry for fruit? - A case study on the ecology of middle Miocene Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia)
FIG. 4. — Cluster analysis for Micromeryx Lartet, 1851 from Sansan and Steinheim am Albuch and modern Moschus moschiferus Linnaeus, 1758 in comparison to modern taxa based on the variables "%sharp", "%rounded", "%blunt", "%high relief". Symbols and colors: Bold fonts, M. flourensianus Lartet, 1851 from Sansan and Steinheim a. A., M.? eiselei Aiglstorfer, Costeur, Mennecart & Heizmann, 2017, and Moschus moschiferus; Normal fonts, modern comparison taxa;
Data from: A morphometric and genetic framework for the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816 (Ruminantia: Bovidae) with special focus on Arabian and Levantine mountain gazelles
Gazella is one of the most species-rich genera within horned ruminants. Despite overall similarity in body size and morphology, gazelles show variability in coloration and horn morphology. Unfortunately, however, species differentiation based on these characters, or on discrete skull characters, is very difficult due to high intraspecific variability. Furthermore, most species have fragmented and allopatric distributions, so that species boundaries were hard to define in the past. Mitochondrial DNA sequences have proven useful for investigating gazelle taxonomy in recent years, but especially for old museum material, i.e. type specimens, destructive sampling is often impossible. We provide a comprehensive morphometric framework for the genus Gazella based on linear skull measurements reconciled with results from molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the largest dataset available so far. In particular for males, the skull morphology shows interspecific differences concurrent with DNA data and provides a reliable tool for species identification. Based on morphometric data we synonymize G. karamii with G. marica, and confirm the identification of the G. arabica and G. a. rueppelli type skulls from analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences.
Data from: A morphometric and genetic framework for the genus Gazella de Blainville, 1816 (Ruminantia: Bovidae) with special focus on Arabian and Levantine mountain gazelles
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Figure 1 in The early evolution of cranial appendages in Bovoidea revealed by new species of Amphimoschus (Mammalia: Ruminantia) from China
Figure 1. Location where Amphimoschus xishuiensis was found in the Xishuigou, Tabenbuluk area, Gansu Province, China. A, administrative map of China, with the outline of Gansu Province (China basemap after China National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Geological Information). B, simplified topographical map (modified from screen shot at Tabenbuluk area in Google Earth, December 2012, eye altitude = 28 km).
Figure 4 in The early evolution of cranial appendages in Bovoidea revealed by new species of Amphimoschus (Mammalia: Ruminantia) from China
Figure 4. Strict consensus tree of nine most parsimonious trees, with 232 steps in PAUP (consistency index = 0.43; retention index = 0.59), indicating the systematic position of Amphimoschus as a basal member of the Bovoidea. Bremer supports (below) and bootstrap values ≥ 50% (above) are labelled at the corresponding nodes. Black bars indicate species chronological ranges.
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