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45 results for “SSR data”
SSR data of Betula humilis
<p>The file contains microsatellite data of the shrub birch <em>Betula humilis</em>, used in the paper: Bona, A., Kulesza, U., Jadwiszczak, K. A. (2019). Clonal diversity, gene flow and seed production in endangered populations of <em>Betula humilis</em> Schrk. <em>Tree Genetics & Genomes</em>, <em>15</em>(4), 1-12. DOI: 10.1007/s11295-019-1357-2</p>
Data from: Altitude difference might contribute to the genetic divergence of giant panda' staple food Bamboo (Fargesia spathacea complex) based on 14 SSR markers
<p>The taxonomy in woody bamboo faces a lot of difficulties due to its long blooming intervals and complicated morphological variation. Whether the current taxonomy would reflect the genuine species divergence within woody bamboo is an intriguing question. <i>Fargesia spathacea</i> complex comprises fifteen closely related species with sympatric distribution in China. Their classification has long been controversy because of only a handful of vegetative traits available, thus providing a good opportunity to explore the evolutionary relationship and genetic differentiation in woody bamboo. Here we presented a study with 750 individuals from 39 representative populations in <i>Fargesia spathacea</i> complex using 14 SSR markers. We found varying degrees of genetic diversity across populations of the <i>Fargesia spathacea</i> complex (<i>He</i>=0.07-0.81) and largely negative <i>F</i> values at the population level, implying an excess of heterozygotes in the populations. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all populations were divided into two major groups (cluster A and B), with the majority of fifteen species representing distinct genetic lineages. Based on the population genetic analysis along with morphological evidence, we confirmed the identity of three species (<i>F. decurvata</i>, <i>F. spathacea</i> and <i>F. murielae</i>) and suggested invalidation of four other species (<i>scabrida</i>, <i>F. robusta</i>, <i>F. denudata</i> and <i>F. nitida</i>). The delimitation of the rest eight species was yet to be explored. The ecological factor and spatial autocorrelation analysis supported that altitude difference might account for the distinct genetic divergence between two major groups.</p>
GMATA derived ssr files containing Microsatellite data for 128 Phytophthora strains
<p>These 128 files are GMATA software-derived .ssr files, containing Microsatellite data for each Phytophthora strain.</p>
EST-SSR genotyping data from: Ecotype variation in the endemic tree Callicarpa subpubescens on small oceanic islands: Genetic, phenotypic, and environmental insights
<p><em>Callicarpa subpubescens</em>, endemic to the Ogasawara Islands, is suggested to have multiple ecotypes in the Hahajima Islands, specifically in the central part of the Ogasawara Islands. In this study, associations between genetic groups and spatial distribution, habitat, leaf morphology, size structure, and flowering time of each genetic group were investigated on Hahajima and the satellite Imoutojima Islands. Genetic groups were identified using EST-SSR markers, revealing four ecotypes named based on morphological features: Dwarf (D), Glabrescent (G), Tall (T), and Middle (M), with M being a result of the hybridization of G and T. Ecotype D, adapted to dry environments, is characterized by small tree size, dense thick leaves with abundant hairs, and is distributed in dry scrub. Ecotype G, adapted to understory of mesic forests, lacks leaf hairs. Ecotype T, adapted to the canopy of mesic forests, has hairy leaves and is tall in tree height. Ecotype M, adapted to the canopy of mesic scrub or edges of mesic forests, has hairy leaves but with a shorter tree height than ecotype T. Flowering peaks differed among all ecotype pairs except G and M, but the flowering times more or less overlapped among all ecotypes, suggesting that pre-mating isolation among ecotypes is not perfect. Post-mating isolation is considered absent, as there were no differences in the results, germination, and survival rates of one-year seedlings among inter- and intra-ecotype crossings. The existence of such ecotypes provides valuable insights into the ongoing speciation processes adapting to the oceanic island environments.</p>
EST-SSR genotyping data from: Ecotype variation in the endemic tree Callicarpa subpubescens on small oceanic islands: Genetic, phenotypic, and environmental insights
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Data from: Enhanced correlations of EST-SSR based genetic distance with hybrid performance, specific hybridizing ability and heterosis using effect-increasing and effect-decreasing alleles: a case study in Eucalyptus L'Hér
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Data from: Altitude difference might contribute to the genetic divergence of giant panda' staple food Bamboo (Fargesia spathacea complex) based on 14 SSR markers
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Data from: Genetic relationships, structure and parentage simulation among the olive tree (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea) cultivated in Southern Italy revealed by SSR markers
In this work, we assess both the morphological and genetic diversity of 68 important olive cultivars from three Southern Italian regions: Calabria, Campania and Sicily. Twenty-five phenotypic traits were evaluated and 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were analysed. All SSR primers were polymorphic and reliable. The total number of alleles per locus varied from 5 to 19 with an average number of 13.1 and a mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.81. These results suggested high genetic diversity within these three olive germplasm collections. Morphological traits also showed significant variability amongst cultivars. Two cases of identity were found and ten statistically significant cases of putative parent/sibling were discovered by performing a SSR-based parentage simulation analysis with CERVUS. The Mantel test indicated low but significant correlations between the morphological data and SSR allelic frequency, origin and SSR allelic frequency, and origin and morphology. Structure software allowed inference of relationships between the three olive germplasm collections and allowed us to obtain the most consistent grouping and to identify putative admixed or exchanged cultivars. Cluster and multivariate analysis, based on morphological traits, revealed geographic grouping in agreement with UPGMA dendrogram and structure analysis using SSRs. Sicilian cultivars showed a more homogenous genetic makeup, probably due to geographical isolation, whilst Calabrian and Campanian cultivars seemed to have a less distinct genetic structure, with a greater degree of intermixing. A correlation between the presence of certain SSR alleles and fruit size was also found.
Data from: SSR Markers for Filago subgen. Filago (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae) and cross-amplification in three other subgenera
• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for the first time in the genus Filago (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae). These markers will facilitate low-scale phylogenetic, phylogeographic and population genetics studies within the genus Filago. • Methods and Results: Nine pairs of microsatellite primers were identified and optimized on two species of Filago using a microsatellite-enrichment library method and 454 GS-FLX technique. The set of primers amplified tri- to hexanucleotide repeats, and showed one to six alleles per locus for both species: F. gaditana and F. carpetana. Transferability was performed in 29 samples corresponding to nine representative species of Filago. • Conclusions: The results indicate the utility of the newly developed markers, which will be useful to go deeper into the phylogenetic relationships among the taxa within Filago. These microsatellites will enable phylogeographic, reproductive and genetic variation studies.
Data from: Analysis of microsatellite loci in tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) using SSR-GBS
Microsatellite markers are still the marker of choice for many research questions in the field of forest genetics. However, the number of available markers is often low for species that have not been studied intensively like the tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima). During the last decade, next generation sequencing (NGS) has offered advanced techniques for efficiently identifying microsatellite markers and accurately genotyping samples. Here, we identify new microsatellite markers for the tree of heaven by applying an NGS-based method using the Illumina MiSeq platform. NGS technology was proved to be an effective method for fast and cost-efficient identification of microsatellite markers by implementing a genotyping-by-sequencing approach based on Illumina amplicon sequencing (SSR-GBS). We screened three populations from Eastern Austria for genetic variation at 19 newly identified microsatellite loci. We tested two different genotyping approaches: (1) considering only allele lengths (forming a so-called 'allele length dataset'), (2) taking also single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the amplified fragments into account (forming a so-called 'SNP dataset'). The results revealed higher values for all genetic diversity parameters, as well as a better resolution of genetic assignment, when the latter approach was followed. Thus, by taking advantage of sequence information which is provided by SSR-GBS, one may achieve considerable gains in performance using the same marker set. The developed markers provide a cost-efficient tool for genotyping populations of tree of heaven and the approach presented here promises to be of high value for medium throughput genotyping applications in non-model forest tree species. We will use this method to widen the perspectives for further population genetic investigations of the tree of heaven.
Data from: Development of genomic tools in a widespread tropical tree, Symphonia globulifera L.f.: a new low-coverage draft genome, SNP and SSR markers
Population genetic studies in tropical plants are often challenging because of limited information on taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships and distribution ranges, scarce genomic information and logistic challenges in sampling. We describe a strategy to develop robust and widely applicable genetic markers based on a modest development of genomic resources in the ancient tropical tree species Symphonia globulifera L.f. (Clusiaceae), a keystone species in African and Neotropical rainforests. We provide the first low-coverage (11X) fragmented draft genome sequenced on an individual from Cameroon, covering 1.027 Gbp or 67.5% of the estimated genome size. Annotation of 565 scaffolds (7.57 Mbp) resulted in the prediction of 1046 putative genes (231 of them containing a complete open reading frame) and 1523 exact simple sequence repeats (SSRs, microsatellites). Aligning a published transcriptome of a French Guiana population against this draft genome produced 923 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms. We also preselected genic SSRs in silico that were conserved and polymorphic across a wide geographical range, thus reducing marker development tests on rare DNA samples. Of 23 SSRs tested, 19 amplified and 18 were successfully genotyped in four S. globulifera populations from South America (Brazil and French Guiana) and Africa (Cameroon and São Tomé island, FST = 0.34). Most loci showed only population-specific deviations from Hardy–Weinberg proportions, pointing to local population effects (e.g. null alleles). The described genomic resources are valuable for evolutionary studies in Symphonia and for comparative studies in plants. The methods are especially interesting for widespread tropical or endangered taxa with limited DNA availability.
Data from: Comparative assessment of SSR and SNP markers for inferring the population genetic structure of the common fungus Armillaria cepistipes
During the last years, simple sequence repeats (SSRs, also known as microsatellites) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have become the most popular molecular markers for describing neutral genetic variation in populations of a wide range of organisms. However, only a limited number of studies has focused on comparing the performance of these two types of markers for describing the underlying genetic structure of wild populations. Moreover, none of these studies targeted fungi, the group of organisms with one of the most complex reproductive strategies. We evaluated the utility of SSRs and SNPs for inferring the neutral genetic structure of Armillaria cepistipes (basidiomycetes) at different spatial scales. For that, 407 samples were collected across a small (150 km2) area in the Ukrainian Carpathians and a large (41 000 km2) area in the Swiss Alps. All isolates were analyzed at 17 SSR loci distributed throughout the whole genome and at 24 SNP loci located in different single-copy conserved genes. The two markers showed different patterns of structure within the two spatial scales studied. The multi-allelic SSR markers seemed to be best suited for detecting genetic structure in indigenous fungal populations at a rather small spatial scale (radius of ~50-100 km). The pattern observed at SNP markers rather reflected ancient divergence of distant (~1000 km) populations that in addition are separated by mountain ranges. Despite these differences, both marker types were suitable for detecting the weak genetic structure of the two A. cepistipes populations investigated.
Data from: Repetitive flanking sequences challenge SSR marker development: a case study in the lepidopteran Melanargia galathea
Microsatellite DNA families (MDF) are stretches of DNA that share similar or identical sequences beside nuclear simple-sequence repeat (nSSR) motifs, potentially causing problems during nSSR marker development. Primers positioned within MDFs can bind several times within the genome and might result in multiple banding patterns. It is therefore common practice to exclude MDF loci in the course of marker development. Here, we propose an approach to deal with multiple primer binding sites by purposefully positioning primers within the detected repetitive element. We developed a new protocol to determine the family type and the primer position in relation to MDFs using the software packages RepARK and RepeatMasker together with an in-house R script. We re-evaluated newly developed nSSR markers for the lepidopteran Marbled White (Melanargia galathea) and explored the implications of our results with regard to published data sets of the butterfly Ephydryas aurinia, the grasshopper Stethophyma grossum, the conifer Pinus cembra, and the crucifer Arabis alpina. For M. galathea, we show that it is not only possible to develop reliable nSSR markers for MDF loci, but even to benefit from their presence in some cases: We used one unlabeled primer, successfully binding within an MDF, for two different loci in a multiplex PCR, combining this family primer with uniquely binding and fluorescently labeled primers outside of MDFs, respectively. As MDFs are abundant in many taxa, we propose to consider these during nSSR marker development in taxa concerned. Our new approach might help in reducing the number of tested primers during nSSR marker development.
Data from: Genetic differentiation and phylogeography of partially sympatric species complex Rhizophora mucronata Lam. and R. stylosa Griff. using SSR markers
Mangrove forests are ecologically important but globally threatened intertidal plant communities. Effective mangrove conservation requires the determination of species identity management units and genetic structure. Here we investigate the genetic distinctiveness and genetic structure of an iconic but yet taxonomically confusing species complex Rhizophora mucronata and R. stylosa across their distributional range by employing a suite of 20 informative nuclear SSR markers. Our results demonstrated the general genetic distinctiveness of R. mucronata and R. stylosa and potential hybridization or introgression between them. We investigated the population genetics of each species without the putative hybrids and found strong genetic structure between oceanic regions in both R. mucronata and R. stylosa. In R. mucronata a strong divergence was detected between populations from the Indian Ocean region (Indian Ocean and Andaman Sea) and the Pacific Ocean region (Malacca Strait South China Sea and Northwest Pacific Ocean). In R. stylosa the genetic break was located more eastward between populations from South and East China Sea and populations from the Southwest Pacific Ocean. The location of these genetic breaks coincided with the boundaries of oceanic currents thus suggesting that oceanic circulation patterns might have acted as a cryptic barrier to gene flow. Our findings have important implications on the conservation of mangroves especially relating to replanting efforts and the definition of ESUs in Rhizophora species. We outlined the genetic structure and identified geographical areas that require further investigations for both R. mucronata and R. stylosa. These results serve as the foundation for the conservation genetics of R. mucronata and R. stylosa and highlighted the need to recognize the genetic distinctiveness of closely-related species determine their respective genetic structure and avoid artificially promoting hybridization in mangrove restoration programmes.
Data from: An SSR based approach incorporating a novel algorithm for identification of rare maize genotypes facilitates criteria for landrace conservation in Mexico
Since maize was domesticated in Mexico around 9000 years ago, local farmers have selected and maintained seed stocks with particular traits and adapted to local conditions. In the present day many of these landraces are still cultivated, however increased urbanization and migration from rural areas implies a risk that this invaluable maize germplasm may be lost. In order to implement an efficient mechanism of conservation in situ, the diversity of these landrace populations must be estimated. Development of a method to select the minimum number of samples that would include the maximum number of alleles and identify germplasm harboring rare combinations of particular alleles will also safeguard the efficient ex-situ conservation of this germplasm. To reach this goal a strategy based on SSR analysis and a novel algorithm to define a minimum collection and rare genotypes using landrace populations from Puebla State, Mexico was developed as a "proof of concept" for methodology that could be extended to all maize landrace populations in Mexico and eventually to other native crops. The SSR based strategy using bulked DNA samples allows rapid processing of large numbers of samples and can be set up in most laboratories equipped for basic molecular biology. Therefore, continuous monitoring of landrace populations locally could easily be carried out. This methodology can now be applied to support incentives for small farmers for the in situ conservation of these traditional cultivars.
Coordinates and SSR data of Betula humilis individuals
<p>The file contains coordinates and microsatellite data of the shrub birch <em>(Betula humilis) </em>individuals from three Polish populations collected for the study of genetic diversity and fine-scale spatial genetic structure.</p>
SSR data of Plutella xylostella samples collected from Southern China and Southeast Asia
<p>Genetic makeup of insect pest is informative for source-sink dynamics, spreading of resistant genes, and effective management. However, collecting samples from geographical populations without considering temporal resolution and calculating parameters related to historical gene flow may not capture contemporary genetic pattern and metapopulation dynamics of highly dispersive pests. <em>Plutella xylostella</em> (L.), the most widely distributed Lepidopteran pest that developed resistance to almost all current insecticides, migrates heterogeneously across space and time. To investigate its real-time genetic pattern and dynamics, we executed four samplings over two consecutive years across Southern China and Southeast Asia, and constructed population network based on contemporary gene flow. Across 48 populations, genetic structure analysis identified two differentiated insect swarms, of which the one with higher genetic variation was replaced by the other over time. We further inferred gene flow by estimation of kinship relationship and constructed migration network in each sampling time. Interestingly, we found mean migration distance at around 1000 km. Such distance might have contributed to the formation of step-stone migration and migration circuit over large geographical scale. Probing network clustering across sampling times, we found a dynamic metapopulation of <em>P. xylostella</em> with more active migration in spring than in winter, and identified some regions are consistent sources (e.g., Yunnan in China, Myanmar and Vietnam) while several others are persistent sinks (e.g., Guangdong and Fujian in China) in its overwintering regions. Rapid turnover of insect swarms and highly dynamic metapopulation highlight the importance of temporal sampling and network analysis in investigation of source-sink relationships and thus effective pest management.</p>
Data from: Two highly informative dinucleotide SSR multiplexes for the conifer Larix decidua (European larch)
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Data from: Genetic relationships, structure and parentage simulation among the olive tree (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea) cultivated in Southern Italy revealed by SSR markers
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Data from: Genetic differentiation and phylogeography of partially sympatric species complex Rhizophora mucronata Lam. and R. stylosa Griff. using SSR markers
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Allen Brain Atlas
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