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16 results for “Sapajus”
Figure 1 in Inter-group conflicts involving adult female and male bearded capuchins, Sapajus libidinosus (Primates: Cebidae), in the context of provisioned resources: resource defense or sexual selection?
Figure 1. The study site is an isolated fragment of forest, surrounded by an urban matrix: Bosque Bougainville in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Source: ArcGIS Data and Maps©.
Data from: Are capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) sensitive to lost opportunities? The role of opportunity costs in intertemporal choice
<p class="western"><span>Principles of economics predict that the costs associated with obtaining rewards can influence choice. When individuals face choices between a smaller, immediate option and a larger, later option, they often experience opportunity costs associated with waiting for delayed rewards because they must forego the opportunity to make other choices. We evaluated how reducing opportunity costs affects delay tolerance in capuchin monkeys. After choosing the larger option, in the <i>High cost</i> condition subjects had to wait for the delay to expire, whereas in the <i>Low cost different</i> condition they could perform a new choice during the delay. To assess the effect of intake rate on choices, the <i>Low cost same</i> condition had the same intake rate ratio as the <i>High cost</i> condition. We found that capuchins attended both to intake rates and to opportunity costs. They chose the larger option more often in the <i>Low cost different</i> and <i>Low cost same</i> conditions than in the <i>High cost</i> condition, and more often in the <i>Low cost different</i> condition than in the <i>Low cost same</i> condition. Understanding how non-human primates represent and use costs in making decisions not only helps to develop theoretical frameworks to explain their choices but also addresses similarities with and differences from human decision making. These outcomes provide insights into the origins of human economic behaviour.</span></p>
Figure 2 in A comparison between affiliative and agonistic behaviours in wild and captive Sapajus libidinosus (Spix, 1823) (Mammalia, Primates, Cebidae)
Figure 2. Relative frequencies of social activities presented by free-living (Grey) and captive individuals (Black): (A) Affiliative behaviours and (B) Agonistic behaviours. We observed 10 different types of social behaviour, which occurred under both captivity and free-living conditions.
Figure 4 in A comparison between affiliative and agonistic behaviours in wild and captive Sapajus libidinosus (Spix, 1823) (Mammalia, Primates, Cebidae)
Figure 4. Captivity reduces agonistic interactions and does not change affiliative interactions. (A) Median and quartiles of the frequency of affiliative (A) and agonistic (B) behaviours presented by captive and free-living groups of S. libidinosus, separated by sex.
Figure 3 in A comparison between affiliative and agonistic behaviours in wild and captive Sapajus libidinosus (Spix, 1823) (Mammalia, Primates, Cebidae)
Figure 3. Relative frequency of social behaviours for each of the ten studied groups (BG = Baixa Grande; JB = Jurubeba; PF = Pedra Furada; OT = Oitenta; GT = Gato; FJZB = Fundação Jardim Zoológico de Brasília; PEDI = Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos; PZT2 = Parque Zoobotânico deTeresina (ilha 2); PZT3 = Parque Zoobotânico de Teresina (ilha 3); PZT1 = Parque Zoobotânico de Teresina (ilha 1). Under free-living conditions, agonistic behaviours were proportionally more frequent than were affiliative behaviours.
Data from: Are capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) sensitive to lost opportunities? The role of opportunity costs in intertemporal choice
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The vocal repertoire of the bearded capuchin (Cebidae: Sapajus libidinosus): implications for understanding the complexity of neotropical primate communication
<p>Vocal communication is an essential aspect of primate social behaviour. The bearded capuchin <i>Sapajus libidinosus</i> is endemic to Brazil and some studies have described specific vocalisation types for this species; however, there is still no complete description of its vocal repertoire. Thus, this study aimed to describe the vocal repertoire of a group of <i>S. libidinosus</i> living in the<i> Parque Nacional de Brasília</i> (PNB), a protected area in the Cerrado area of Central Brazil. We carried out focal samplings and recording of vocalisations of members of a <i>S. libidinosus</i> troop in different behavioural contexts. The call analyses revealed 25 different types of vocalisations, and each call presented significant structural variation. We grouped these vocalisations according to the context of the emission or acoustic structure into the following categories: contact calls (contact note, infant babbling, trill, teeth- and lip-smacking, and sirena); foraging calls (chihui, grgr, and patinado); whistle series (WS; food-associated WS, long-distance WS, and inter-group encounter WS); aggressive calls (aggressive contact note, ascending rapid staccato, cough cough, and pip); calls in response to aggression (scream, squeal, and pulsed scream), sexual display calls (chuck and raspy oestrous call), and stress-related calls (alarm call/ bark, hiccup, hip, double hip, and wah wah). <i>S. libidinosus</i> presented a very rich vocal repertoire, revealing a pattern consistent with the repertoire of other capuchin monkey species. This is the first comprehensive description of the<i> S. libidinosus</i> vocal repertoire and highlights the complexity of neotropical primate communication.</p> <p>Vocal communication is an essential aspect of primate social behaviour. The bearded capuchin <i>Sapajus libidinosus</i> is endemic to Brazil and some studies have described specific vocalisation types for this species; however, there is still no complete description of its vocal repertoire. Thus, this study aimed to describe the vocal repertoire of a group of <i>S. libidinosus</i> living in the<i> Parque Nacional de Brasília</i> (PNB), a protected area in the Cerrado area of Central Brazil. We carried out focal samplings and recording of vocalisations of members of a <i>S. libidinosus</i> troop in different behavioural contexts. The call analyses revealed 25 different types of vocalisations, and each call presented significant structural variation. We grouped these vocalisations according to the context of the emission or acoustic structure into the following categories: contact calls (contact note, infant babbling, trill, teeth- and lip-smacking, and sirena); foraging calls (chihui, grgr, and patinado); whistle series (WS; food-associated WS, long-distance WS, and inter-group encounter WS); aggressive calls (aggressive contact note, ascending rapid staccato, cough cough, and pip); calls in response to aggression (scream, squeal, and pulsed scream), sexual display calls (chuck and raspy oestrous call), and stress-related calls (alarm call/ bark, hiccup, hip, double hip, and wah wah). <i>S. libidinosus</i> presented a very rich vocal repertoire, revealing a pattern consistent with the repertoire of other capuchin monkey species. This is the first comprehensive description of the<i> S. libidinosus</i> vocal repertoire and highlights the complexity of neotropical primate communication.</p>
On following pages: 9. Hooded Capuchin (Sapajus cay); 10. Crested Capuchin (Sapajus robustus); 11. Bearded Capuchin (Sapajus flavius); 14. Guianan Brown Capuchin (Sapajus apella); 15. Large-headed Capuchin (Sapajus macrocephalus (Sapajus libidinosus); 12. Yellow-breasted Capuchin (Sapajus xanthosternos); 13. Blond Capuchin). in Cebidae
On following pages: 9. Hooded Capuchin (Sapajus cay); 10. Crested Capuchin (Sapajus robustus); 11. Bearded Capuchin (Sapajus flavius); 14. Guianan Brown Capuchin (Sapajus apella); 15. Large-headed Capuchin (Sapajus macrocephalus (Sapajus libidinosus); 12. Yellow-breasted Capuchin (Sapajus xanthosternos); 13. Blond Capuchin).
Effects of dominance and female presence on secondary sexual characteristics in male tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella)
<p>Alpha status may lead to physiological changes that enhance secondary sexual characteristics, which may serve as competitive signals to conspecific males, sexual signals to females, or possibly a combination of both. Here we report measurements of secondary sexual characteristics in captive dominant and subordinate male tufted capuchin monkeys (<i>Sapajus apella</i>) with varying access to females. An adult male (who had previously been subordinate while housed with other males) was paired with an adult female, and then this male-female pair was introduced into a room that housed three other male-male pairs with stable hierarchy arrangements. We analyzed weight, body measurements, facial photographs, and hair cortisol before, during, and after introducing a female into the room. While there were no differences in weight or measurements between alphas and subordinates without physical access to the female prior to or during the female's presence, we found that direct access to the female resulted in dramatic changes in facial appearance, body size, and testicular volume in the male who was paired with her. Overall, we found little evidence to suggest that alpha males advertise their status within all male groups via sexual secondary characteristics. However, direct physical access to females appears to trigger the development of such characteristics in alpha males. It remains of continued interest to identify the endocrine mechanisms responsible for the development, and possible loss, of secondary sexual characteristics.</p>
Effects of dominance and female presence on secondary sexual characteristics in male tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella)
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The vocal repertoire of the bearded capuchin (Cebidae: Sapajus libidinosus): implications for understanding the complexity of neotropical primate communication
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Figure 1. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean-dendrogram showing clustering pattern for 26 in Intra and inter-monkey transmission of bacteria in wild black capuchins monkeys (Sapajus nigritus): a preliminary study
Figure 1. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean-dendrogram showing clustering pattern for 26 genotypes of enterococci isolated from paired oral (O) and rectal (R) swabs of black capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus-SN). UPGMA using Sorensen-Dice coefficients of similarity (> 75%).
Figures 2-7 from: Back JP, Suzin A, Aguiar LM (2019) Activity Budget and Social Behavior of Urban Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus sp.) (Primates, Cebidae). Zoologia 36: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30845
Figures 2-7 Social webs expressing interactions (in percentage of the total observation records) for each sex-age dyad of urban capuchin monkeys in each social behavior: (2) social play, n = 1,476 events; (3) grooming, n = 547; (4) threat, n = 241; (5) aggression, n = 31; (6) allocarrying, n = 193; (7) food sharing, n = 39. Percentages of emissions and receptions are in decreasing order in all columns, except for social play. Line thickness is proportional to the percentages of interactions of each dyad. (AF) adult females, (JUV) juveniles, (AM) adult male, (SUB) subadults, (INF) infants.
Figure 1 from: Back JP, Suzin A, Aguiar LM (2019) Activity Budget and Social Behavior of Urban Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus sp.) (Primates, Cebidae). Zoologia 36: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30845
Figure 1 Proportions of records (in percentage) of behavioral categories in the activity budget of sex-age classes of urban capuchin monkeys. Boxes represent the interquartile ranges; horizontal lines within the boxes represent the medians; whiskers indicate minimum and maximum values; circles indicate the proportions of records per hour of observation. Different letters indicate significant differences between sex-age classes. Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's test; p ≤ 0.05. (AF) adult females, (AM) adult male, (SUB) subadults, (JUV) juveniles.
Data from: Color discrimination in the tufted capuchin monkey, Sapajus spp.
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Figure 1 in A comparison between affiliative and agonistic behaviours in wild and captive Sapajus libidinosus (Spix, 1823) (Mammalia, Primates, Cebidae)
Figure 1. Sampling areas for the ten groups of Sapajus libidinosus included in the study: five groups of free-living animals (Baixa Grande (BG), Jurubeba (JB), Pedra Furada (PF), Oitenta (OT) and Gato (GT)), and five groups living in captivity (Fundação Jardim Zoológico de Brasilia (FJZB), Island 1, 2 and 3 of Parque Zoobotânico de Teresina (PZT1, PZT2 and PZT3, respectively) and Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos (PEDI)).
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