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13 results for “Savannah sparrow”
Data from: Effects of age, breeding strategy, population density, and number of neighbors on territory size and shape in Savannah Sparrows
<p>The size and shape of an animal's breeding territory are dynamic features influenced by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors and can have important implications for survival and reproduction. Quantitative studies of variation in these territory features can generate deeper insights into animal ecology and behavior. We explored the effect of age, breeding strategy, population density, and number of neighbors on the size and shape of breeding territories in an island population of Savannah Sparrows (<em>Passerculus sandwichensis</em>). Our dataset consisted of 407 breeding territories belonging to 225 males sampled over 11 years. We compared territory sizes to the age of the male territorial holder, the male's reproductive strategy (monogamy vs. polygyny), the number of birds in the study population (population density), and the number of immediate territorial neighbors (local density). We found substantial variation in territory size, with territories ranging over two orders of magnitude from 57 to 5727 m2 (0.0057 to 0.57 ha). Older males had larger territories, polygynous males had larger territories, territories were smaller in years with higher population density, and larger territories were associated with more immediate territorial neighbors. We also found substantial variation in territory shape, from near-circular to irregularly-shaped territories. Males with more neighbors had irregularly shaped territories, but the shape did not vary with male age, breeding strategy, or population density. For males that lived two years or longer, we found strong consistent individual differences in territory size across years, but weaker individual differences in territory shape, suggesting that size has high repeatability whereas shape has low repeatability. Our work provides evidence that songbird territories are highly dynamic and that their size and shape reflect both intrinsic factors (age and number of breeding partners) and extrinsic factors (population density and number of territorial neighbors).</p>
Figure 5 in Nesting evidence, density and vocalisations in a resident population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in Guatemala
Figure 5. Sonograms of songs of four male Savannah Sparrows Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in PRM Todos Santos Cuchumatán, dpto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala: (a) 5 June 2016 (Knut Eisermann, XC333471), including waveform, (b) 5 June 2016 (Knut Eisermann, XC333471), (c) 3 June 2016 (Knut Eisermann, XC333472), (d) 3 June 2016 (Knut Eisermann, XC333473). DW = descendent whistle. See Table 1 for signal measurements of marked notes.
Figure 4 in Nesting evidence, density and vocalisations in a resident population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in Guatemala
Figure 4. (1) Approximate breeding range of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis in Mexico (sensu Howell & Webb 1995); (2) summer records in the Sierra Los Cuchumatanes, Guatemala, including recent nesting and other summer records (June–July 2016), and historic summer records (June 1897, van Rossem 1938); and (3) summer record from Sierra Madre range in June 2002 (J. Berry in Eisermann & Avendaño 2007). Chis. = Chiapas, Mexico, GT = Guatemala, HN = Honduras, SV = El Salvador. Inset map shows location of summer records of Savannah Sparrow in the Sierra Los Cuchumatanes (SLC) and Sierra Madre (SM) ranges in Guatemala.
Figure 3 in Nesting evidence, density and vocalisations in a resident population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in Guatemala
Figure 3. Nesting evidence of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in PRM Todos Santos Cuchumatán, dpto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala: (a) nest with a single nestling, 2 July 2016 (a second nestling was found dead 20 cm from the nest); (b) recently fledged juvenile, barely able to fly, 3 July 2016, (c–d) two fledglings well able to fly, tail c.40% grown, 3 July 2016; (e) dependent juvenile with tail c.80% grown, 3 July 2016; and (f) immature, 27 August 2016 (Knut Eisermann)
Figure 2 in Nesting evidence, density and vocalisations in a resident population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in Guatemala
Figure 2. Different adult Savannah Sparrows Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei of a breeding population in PRM Todos Santos Cuchumatán, dpto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala: (a) lateral; (b) dorsal, 5 June 2016; and (c) frontal view showing the neatly marked median crown-stripe, 2 July 2016 (Knut Eisermann)
Figure 1 in Nesting evidence, density and vocalisations in a resident population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in Guatemala
Figure 1. Habitat of a breeding population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei at 3,700 m in PRM Todos Santos Cuchumatán, dpto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala, 5 June 2016; the undulating landscape, shaped by glaciers during the late Quaternary, is currently covered with grassland dominated by Muhlenbergia quadridentata (Poaceae) (Knut Eisermann)
Data from: Environmental conditions and individual characteristics influence movement patterns of juvenile Passerculus sandwichensis (Savannah sparrow) throughout the post-fledging period
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Data from: Effects of age, breeding strategy, population density, and number of neighbors on territory size and shape in Savannah Sparrows
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Data from: Reduced fitness of females in a facultatively polygynous species: A 32-yr study of Savannah sparrows
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Data from: Passive acoustic monitoring provides reliable under-estimates of population size and longevity in wild Savannah Sparrows
<p>Many breeding birds produce conspicuous sounds, providing tremendous opportunities to study free-living birds through acoustic recordings. Traditional methods for studying population size and demographic features depend on labour-intensive field research. Passive acoustic monitoring provides an alternative method for quantifying population size and demographic parameters, but this approach requires careful validation. To determine the accuracy of passive acoustic monitoring for estimating population size and demographic parameters, we used autonomous recorders to sample an island-living population of Savannah Sparrows (<em>Passerculus sandwichensis</em>) over a six-year period. Using the individually distinctive songs of males, we estimated male population size as the number of unique songs detected in the recordings. We analyzed songs across six years to estimate birth year, death year, and longevity. We then compared the estimates to field data in a blind analysis. Estimates of male population size through passive acoustic monitoring were, on average, 72% of the true male population size, with higher accuracy in lower-density years. Estimates of demographic rates were lower than true values by 29% for birth year, 23% for death year, and 29% for longevity. This is the first investigation to estimate longevity with passive acoustic monitoring, and adds to a growing number of studies that have used passive acoustic monitoring to estimate population size. Although passive acoustic monitoring under-estimated true population parametersfeatures, likely due to the high similarity among many male songs, our findings suggest that autonomous recorders can provide reliable estimates of population size and demographic characteristicslongevity in a wild songbird.</p>
TABLE 1 in Nesting evidence, density and vocalisations in a resident population of Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei in Guatemala
<p>TABLE 1 Mean (± SD) and range of signal characteristics of songs of breeding Savannah Sparrows <i>Passerculus sandwichensis wetmorei</i> in PRM Todos Santos Cuchumatán, dpto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala, in June 2016, <i>n</i> = 37 songs of four males.</p><table><thead><tr><th><b>Song section (see Fig. 5)</b></th><th><b>Duration (seconds)</b></th><th><b>Peak frequency (kHz)</b></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>Entire song (<i>n</i> = 37)</th><td>2.5 ± 0.3 (2.1–3.1)</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Introduction:</th><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Chip</i> note (<i>n</i> = 97)</th><td>0.06 ± 0.01 (0.04–0.12)</td><td>7.906 ± 202 (6.938 –8.250)</td></tr><tr><th>Middle section:</th><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Descending whistle (DW1) (<i>n</i> = 37)</th><td>0.10 ± 0.01 (0.08–0.11)</td><td>6.927 ± 132 (6.750 –7.125)</td></tr><tr><th>Trill (n = 37)</th><td>0.05 ± 0.01 (0.03–0.06)</td><td>6.471 ± 1.268 (4.125 –7.500)</td></tr><tr><th>Double <i>ch</i> note (<i>n</i> = 37)</th><td>0.08 ± 0.004 (0.07–0.10)</td><td>5.063 ± 378 (3.188 –5.625)</td></tr><tr><th>Dominant section:</th><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Buzz (<i>n</i> = 37)</th><td>0.60 ± 0.06 (0.5–0.8)</td><td>6.456 ± 646 (4.688 –6.938)</td></tr><tr><th>Terminal section:</th><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Descending whistle (DW2) (<i>n</i> = 37)</th><td>0.08 ± 0.005 (0.07–0.09)</td><td>7.566 ± 222 (7.313 –8.063)</td></tr><tr><th>Trill-whistle (n = 37)</th><td>0.29 ± 0.07 (0.16 – 0.39)</td><td>4.074 ± 355 (3.375 –4.313)</td></tr></tbody></table>
Data from: Passive acoustic monitoring provides reliable under-estimates of population size and longevity in wild Savannah Sparrows
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Data from: Three decades of cultural evolution in Savannah sparrow songs
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