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9 results for “Scathophaga stercoraria”
FIGURE 6 in Antennal sensory organs of Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Scathophagidae): ultramorphology and phylogenetic implications
FIGURE 6. Setigerous plaques of different families in Calyptratae (modified from Kutty et al. 2010).
FIGURE 5 in Antennal sensory organs of Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Scathophagidae): ultramorphology and phylogenetic implications
FIGURE 5. SEM micrographs of sensory pit on the antennal funiculus of male Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758). A. Overview of sensory pit. B. Section of sensory pit, showing basiconic sensilla III and microtrichiae in it. C. Magnification of one cluster of basiconic sensilla III. D. Magnification of basiconic sensilla III in sensory pit. (Abbreviations: Ar (arista); Ba III (basiconic sensillum III); Fn (funiculus); SP (sensory pit). Scale bars: A. 50 µm; B. 10 µm; C. 4 µm; D. 2.5 µm.)
FIGURE 2 in Antennal sensory organs of Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Scathophagidae): ultramorphology and phylogenetic implications
FIGURE 2. SEM micrographs of setiferous plaque and pedicellar button on the antennal pedicel of male Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758). A. Overview of pedicellar dorsal surface. B. Magnification of setiferous plaque. C. Details of antennal pedicel after removal of antennal funiculus. D. Magnification of pedicellar button. (Abbreviations: AR (annular ridge); Ch (chaetic sensillum); PB (pedicellar button); Pd (pedicel); Pl (plaque); Po (pore). Scale bars: A. 25 µm; B. 2.5 µm; C. 50 µm; D. 5 µm.)
FIGURE 4 in Antennal sensory organs of Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Scathophagidae): ultramorphology and phylogenetic implications
FIGURE 4. SEM micrographs of coeloconic sensilla and clavate sensilla on the antennal funiculus of male Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758). A. Distribution of coeloconic sensilla in the proximal region of antennal funiculus. B. Overview of distal region of antennal funiculus. C. Magnification of coeloconic sensillum. D. Magnification of clavate sensillum. E. Distal surface of clavate sensillum, showing pores on it. (Abbreviations: Ba I (basiconic sensillum I); Ba II (basiconic sensillum II); Co (coeloconic sensillum); Cl (clavate sensillum); Mt (microtrichia); Tr (trichoid sensillum). Scale bars: A–B. 15 µm; C–E. 2.5 µm.)
FIGURE 1 in Antennal sensory organs of Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Scathophagidae): ultramorphology and phylogenetic implications
FIGURE 1. Antennal features of male Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758). A. Lateral view of the male head with antennae located between compound eyes. B. Posteroventral and dorsolateral surface of antennal funiculus. C. Anterodorsal and dorsolateral surface of antennal funiculus. D. Anterodorsal surface of antennal pedicel and scape. E. Posteroventral surface of antennal pedicel and scape. F. Antennal arista. G. Magnification of mechanoreceptor on antennal pedicel. (Abbreviations: Ad (anterodorsal surface); Ar (arista); Ch (chaetic sensillum); Dl (dorsolateral surface); Fn (funiculus); Pd (pedicel); Pv (posteroventral surface); Sc (scape); SP (sensory pit). Scale bars: A. 1 mm; B–E. 100 µm; F. 250 µm; G. 100 µm.)
FIGURE 3 in Antennal sensory organs of Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Scathophagidae): ultramorphology and phylogenetic implications
FIGURE 3. SEM micrographs of trichoid sensilla and basiconic sensilla on the antennal funiculus of male Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758). A. Magnification of trichoid sensilla and basiconic sensilla within microtrichiae. B. Trichoid sensillum extending above the microtrichiae. C. Magnification of basiconic sensillum. I. D. Magnification of basiconic sensillum II. (Abbreviations: Ba I (basiconic sensillum I); Ba II (basiconic sensillum II); Mt (microtrichia); Tr (trichoid sensillum). Scale bars: A. 15 µm; B. 5 µm; C–D. 2.5 µm.)
FIGURE 1. A. Phylogenetic relationships derived from 18 in Systematic ambiguity in the well-established model system insect Scathophaga stercoraria (Diptera: Scathophagidae): sister species S. soror revealed by molecular evidence
FIGURE 1. A. Phylogenetic relationships derived from 18'002 Bayesian trees based on combined COI, 12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, and ITS2 sequences as established between 21 Scathophagidae species. The tree is a 50% majority rule consensus tree; values of posterior probabilities over 50% are indicated above branches (branches with probabilities less than 50% are collapsed). Scathophaga soror is evidenced in bold. B. Excerpt from a gene tree (Neighbour Joining, Kimura 2 parameters, COI gene) illustrating the sister group relationship between the monophyletic S. stercoraria and S. soror clades. Bootstrap values (for 1000 pseudo-replicates) are indicated above branches.
Data from: Size-dependent ejaculation strategies and reproductive success in the yellow dung fly, Scathophaga stercoraria
Theory predicts that sperm competition will favour the production of larger ejaculates. However, because the benefits of greater reproductive investment are balanced by the costs of spermatogenesis, expenditure should depend on male physiology, mating rate and the relationship between additional investment and fertilization gains. In the yellow dung fly, Scathophagastercoraria, males adopt size-dependent alternative mating tactics that are associated with discrete ecological resources (foraging and oviposition substrates), although males switch between these environments throughout their lives. By copulating on foraging substrate (fruit or flowers), males can bypass intense mate competition that occurs at oviposition sites (cow dung), but as a consequence, must occupy a disfavoured mating role (i.e. face a greater risk that their ejaculate will be displaced from storage prior to fertilization). Small males often mate on foraging substrate, whereas large males mate in this environment only during feeding bouts. Optimal ejaculate expenditure should therefore depend on male size and their current mating role. By measuring copula duration (i.e. ejaculate expenditure) of natural matings and assigning paternity to resulting offspring, we confirmed that copulations on dung sire approximately three times as many offspring as those on foraging substrate. Furthermore, large males reduced copula duration on fruit, as predicted, since this strategy enables greater investment into high-payoff matings on dung. Conversely, small males copulated for shorter durations on dung than on foraging substrate, perhaps to minimize the risk of being displaced from copula by a rival. These patterns of ejaculate expenditure translated into greater offspring production for large males on dung and for small males on fruit. We discuss the possible proximate factors driving these size- and context-dependent patterns of ejaculate allocation by yellow dung fly males. Together, our findings shed light on the allocation strategies and reproductive consequences of alternative mating tactics.
Data from: Size-dependent ejaculation strategies and reproductive success in the yellow dung fly, Scathophaga stercoraria
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