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77 results for “Sculpin”
Factorial experiment to test effects of food availability and temperature on slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) at Toolik Field Station, 2018
We used a fully factorial experiment to test effects of food availability and temperature (7.6, 12.7 and 17.4 degrees C; 50 days) on growth, consumption, respiration, and excretion of slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus).
Habitat use, consumption, and growth by slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) held under different levels of temperature at Toolik Field Station 2019
We tested effects of temperature (12 and 19.3 degrees C; 27 days) on habitat use, consumption, and growth of slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus). To measure temperature selection by sculpin, we connected two 5.7 L tanks with a PVC pipe that was passable by sculpin (n = 12 tanks). We heated one side of the tank to 12 °C and the other to 19.3 °C using aquarium heaters.
Age, growth and reproduction of mottled sculpin (cottus bairdi) in the Coweeta creek drainage from 1993 to 1998
We quantified: (1) growth rate, (2) length-mass relationships, (3) size- and age-specific fecundity, (4) egg sizefrequencies, and (5) size- and age-specific egg diameter relationships for reproductively active female C. bairdi from one of the southern-most extant populations of this species (Coweeta Creek drainage, North Carolina). Gravid females were collected during February and March in 1993–1995, and 1998.Cottus bairdi were collected from Shope Fork and Ball Creek in early spring prior to spawning. We are determining age and length specific fecundities from analysis of whole ovaries. We are also investigating whether are age or length specific differences exist in egg size. We are determining sex specific growth rates back-calculation of age at length from otolith analysis.
Data from: Divergent transcriptional patterns are related to differences in hypoxia tolerance between the intertidal and the subtidal sculpins
Transcriptionally mediated phenotypic plasticity as a mechanism of modifying traits in response to an environmental challenge remains an important area of study. We compared the transcriptional responses to low-oxygen (hypoxia) of the hypoxia tolerant intertidal fish, the tidepool sculpin (Oligocottus maculosus) with the closely related hypoxia intolerant subtidal fish, the silverspotted sculpin (Blepsias cirrhosus) to determine if these species use different mechanisms to cope with hypoxia. Individuals from each species were exposed to environmental O2 tensions chosen to yield a similar level of tissue hypoxia and gene transcription was assessed in the liver over time. There was an effect of time in hypoxia, where the greatest transcriptional change in the silverspotted sculpin occurred between 3 to 24 hours in contrast to the tidepool sculpin where the largest transcriptional change occurred between 24 and 72 hours of hypoxia. A number of genes showed similar hypoxia-induced transcription patterns in both species (e.g. genes associated with glycolysis and apoptosis) suggesting they are involved in a conserved hypoxia response. A large set of genes showed divergent transcriptional patterns in the two species, including fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting that these biological processes may contribute to explaining variation in hypoxia tolerance in these species. When both species were exposed to a single environmental O2 tension, large transcriptional responses were seen in the hypoxia intolerant silverspotted sculpin while almost no response was observed in the hypoxia tolerant tidepool sculpin. Overall, divergent transcription patterns in response to both magnitude and duration of hypoxia provide insights into the processes that may determine an animal's capacity to tolerate frequent bouts of hypoxia in the wild.
Data from: Population recovery and occurrence of the endemic Rhine sculpin (Cottus rhenanus)
<p>Two datasets belonging to the paper "Population recovery and occurrence of the endemic Rhine sculpin (<em>Cottus rhenanus</em>)" published in Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, are provided here. Since little was known about the occurrence, densities and habitat use of<em> C. rhenanus, </em>this study was conducted. The study area was located in the River Geul and tributaries, in the south of the Netherlands.</p> <p>The first dataset "WFD 2005-2010-2015 fish data.csv" contains data of fish in transects sampled as part of ecological status assessments of water systems according to the EU Water Framework Directive. Average 300-metre transects in upstream direction in one run using handheld backpack electrofishing equipment. The second dataset "Habitat characterization Cottus rhenanus 2014.csv" contains data of the Rhine sculpin (and other encountered fish species) in relation to its habitat. The data were collected in the same way as described above. In addition, we estimated the relative abundance of each sediment type (bed substratum) per transect, which yielded the ordinal categories: 0%, <5%, 5-10%, 11-25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, and 76-100%. Distinguished sediment types were silt (mud/sludge), sand, fine granule (0.1-20 mm), pebble (21-65 mm), cobble (66-200 mm), and boulder (>200 mm). Furthermore, we estimated the percentage area of large structures (e.g., woody debris) and riffles. Finally, we measured stream width (m) and depth (cm). This was done by recording width with a tape measure and depth with a measuring rod at five (beginning, middle, end and two representatives in between) locations in a transect. The mean values were recorded as stream width and depth. The included coordinates refer to the start and end of a transect. The coordinate system used here concerns Amersfoort RD (EPSG: 28992). </p> <p>Abstract</p> <p>The Rhine sculpin (<em>Cottus rhenanus</em>) is a benthic rheophilic fish species that is endemic to tributaries of the rivers Rhine and Meuse in North-western Europe. Little is known about its occurrence and individuals density in relation to habitat characteristics. A core population of <em>C. rhenanus</em> occurs in the River Geul in the Netherlands. Since the late 19<sup>th</sup> century, this river was heavily polluted by communal and industrial wastewater, causing a strong population decline. As the core population of <em>C. rhenanus</em> is recovering, the status, distribution, and habitat use should be studied to facilitate recovery in other locations. <em>Cottus rhenanus</em> density of individuals significantly increased over the period 2005-2015 and it became one of the most abundant fish species in assemblages. Negative relationships were observed between <em>C. rhenanus</em> densities and a high abundance of boulders (> 200 mm), large structures such as woody debris, and water depth. The population increase and recolonization of <em>C. rhenanus</em> coincided with water quality improvement, which suggests that this fish species can be used to assess small streams ecosystem integrity. The recent range expansion of the Ponto-Caspian round goby (<em>Neogobius melanostomus</em>) poses a high risk of negative effects on <em>C. rhenanus</em> populations via food and shelter competition. Further water quality improvement, habitat conservation, and prevention of the spread of invasive gobies could favour <em>C. rhenanus</em> populations within their natural range.</p>
Cryptic species of freshwater sculpin (Cottidae: Cottus) in California
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Data from: Divergent transcriptional patterns are related to differences in hypoxia tolerance between the intertidal and the subtidal sculpins
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Data from: Epidermal microstructures on the paired fins of marine sculpins suggest new functional hypotheses supporting benthic station-holding
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Genlight table of ddRADseq-DArTseq Baikal sculpins adaptive radiation
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Rocky mountain sculpin swimming activity in a three-chambered flume
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Data from: Adaptive morphological shifts to novel habitats in marine sculpin fishes
Sculpin fishes of the North American Pacific Coast provide an ideal opportunity to examine whether adaptive morphological character shifts have facilitated occupation of novel habitat types because of their well-described phylogeny and ecology. In this group, the basal-rooted species primarily occupy the subtidal habitat, whereas the species in the most distal clades are found in the intertidal. We tested multiple evolutionary models to determine whether changes in body size and changes in number of scales are adaptive for habitat use in sculpins. Based on a statistically robust, highly resolved molecular phylogeny of 26 species of sculpins, in combination with morphometric and habitat affinity data, our analyses show that an adaptive model based on habitat use best explains changes in body size and number of scales. The habitat model was statistically supported over models of neutral evolution, stabilizing selection across all habitats, and three clade-based models. We suggest that loss of scales and reduction of body size in the intertidal may facilitate cutaneous breathing in air when tidepools become hypoxic during low tides. This study demonstrates how the combined use of phylogenetic, ecological and statistical approaches helps to identify traits that are likely adaptive to novel habitats.
Data from: Developmental tuning of mineralization drives morphological diversity of gill cover bones in sculpins and their relatives
The role of osteoblast placement in skeletal morphological variation is relatively well understood, but alternative developmental mechanisms affecting bone shape remain largely unknown. Specifically, very little attention has been paid to variation in later mineralization stages of intramembranous ossification as a driver of morphological diversity. We discover the occurrence of specific, sometimes large regions of nonmineralized osteoid within bones that also contain mineralized tissue. We show through a variety of histological, molecular, and tomographic tests that this "extended" osteoid material is most likely nonmineralized bone matrix. This tissue type is a significant determinant of gill cover bone shape in the teleostean suborder Cottoidei. We demonstrate repeated evolution of extended osteoid in Cottoidei through ancestral state reconstruction and test for an association between its variation and habitat differences among species. Through measurement of extended osteoid at various stages of gill cover development in species across the phylogeny, we gain insight into possible evolutionary developmental origins of the trait. We conclude that this fine-tuned developmental regulation of bone matrix mineralization reflects heterochrony at multiple biological levels and is a novel mechanism for the evolution of diversity in skeletal morphology. This research lays the groundwork for a new model in which to study bone mineralization and evolutionary developmental processes, particularly as they may relate to adaptation during a prominent evolutionary radiation of fishes.
Data from: Phylogeography of the prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) in north-western North America reveals parallel phenotypic evolution across multiple coastal–inland colonizations
Aim: Glacial cycles during the Pleistocene may have frequently contributed to parallel evolution of phenotypes across independently evolving genetic lineages associated with separate glacial refugia. Previous studies based on morphology suggested that the prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) survived the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in southern coastal and inland refugia, favouring allopatric divergence between coastal and inland prickling phenotypes, which vary in the degree to which spine-like scales cover the body of the fish. Herein, we aimed to test whether parallel evolution across multiple genetic lineages rather than a single-lineage origin of highly prickled inland sculpins could serve as an explanation for the biogeographical distribution of prickling phenotypes. Location: North-western North America, Southeast Alaska and Canada (British Columbia). Methods: We used data from mitochondrial haplotypes and 19 microsatellite loci to identify distinct genetic lineages as a basis to interpret patterns of phenotypic evolution. Results: The occurrence of multiple mtDNA groups suggests that highly prickled inland phenotypes comprise more than one genetic lineage. Both mtDNA and microsatellite data are consistent with post-glacial dispersal along the coast and repeated coastal to inland colonization events, as opposed to inland dispersal of a single lineage from a southern refugium to northern regions. Main conclusions: Our results suggest that highly prickled inland phenotypes evolved repeatedly following multiple inland colonization events, probably via coastal rivers. The prickly sculpin therefore provides an example of recent (post-glacial) parallel evolution, potentially facilitated by standing genetic variation already present in the ancestral coastal populations.
Data from: Complete mitochondrial genome of the poorly known Amur sculpin Mesocottus haitej (Cottoidei: Cottidae)
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Mesocottus haitej has been obtained by the next generation sequencing, which contained 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes and non-coding control region with the total length of 16,527 bp. The gene content, arrangement, codon usage and base composition of M. haitej mitogenome have no unusual features that distinguish it from most other teleost fishes. According to the result of a pilot phylogenetic analysis, the freshwater Mesocottus is a sister lineage to the Cottus clade. The new mitogenomic data could provide useful information for the further studies on molecular systematics and conservation genetics of cottids.
Data from: Novel concordance between geographic, environmental and genetic structure in the ecological generalist prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) in California
Ecological generalists may contain a wealth of information concerning diversity, ecology, and geographic connectivity throughout their range. We explored these ideas in prickly sculpin (Cottus asper), a small generalist freshwater fish species where coastal forms have potentially undergone radiations into inland lacustrine and riverine environments. Using a 962bp cytochrome b mtDNA marker and 11 microsatellites, we estimated diversity, divergence times, gene flow, and structure among populations at 43 locations throughout California. We then incorporated genetic and GIS data into ecological niche models to assess ecological conditions within identified groups. Though not reciprocally monophyletic, unique mtDNA haplotypes, microsatellite clustering, and measures of isolation by distance (Coastal: r = 0.960, P < 0.001; Inland: r = 0.277, P = 0.148) suggest 2 novel taxonomic groups, Coastal and Inland (constrained to Great Central Valley). Divergence estimates of 41–191 kya combined with the regional biogeographic history suggest geographic barriers are absent between groups since divergence, but ecological niche modeling revealed significant environmental differences (t = 10.84, P < 0.001). Introgressed individuals were also discovered between groups in an ecologically and geographically intermediate region. Population structure was limited, predominately found in tributaries of the San Joaquin basin in the Inland group. Overall, C. asper exhibited substantial genetic diversity, despite its ecological generality, reflecting California's historically unique and complex hydrology. More broadly, this study illustrates variable environments within the range of a generalist species may mask genetic divergences and should not be overlooked in biodiversity assessments.
FIGURE 3. Relationships among 11 in Cottus specus, a new troglomorphic species of sculpin (Cottidae) from southeastern Missouri
FIGURE 3. Relationships among 11 Cottus mtCR haplotypes and one outgroup (ML topology shown). Numbers on each branch correspond to bootstrap values based on 1,000 pseudoreplicates for MP and ML analyses, followed by posterior probabilities. Insignificant support placeholders are indicated by dashes. Lineages representing the Black River and Midlands races of banded sculpin are represented, as is the proposed Cottus specus lineage. Icons match those used in Kinziger et al. 2007.
FIGURE 4 in Cottus specus, a new troglomorphic species of sculpin (Cottidae) from southeastern Missouri
FIGURE 4. Cottus specus (A) 80.2 mm SL, holotype, SIUC 88001; (B) male, 66.8 mm SL; (C) 74.5 mm SL showing variation in eye size and pigmentation.
FIGURE 2 in Cottus specus, a new troglomorphic species of sculpin (Cottidae) from southeastern Missouri
FIGURE 2. Geographic distribution of sampling localities and drainage relationships in the Bois Brule drainage with caves overlaid. Abbreviations as in Table 1; HC (Hot Caverns) is part of Rimstone River Cave system, and ME (Mertz) is part of Crevice Cave system.
FIGURE 1 in Cottus specus, a new troglomorphic species of sculpin (Cottidae) from southeastern Missouri
FIGURE 1. Geographic distribution of five Ozark Highlands members of the banded sculpin complex adapted from Kinziger et al. (2007). Cottus specus is found in Cinque Hommes Creek and the unmapped surrounding caves; Midlands Race was sampled in Greasy Creek and Black River Race in the Current River.
FIGURE 5 in Cottus specus, a new troglomorphic species of sculpin (Cottidae) from southeastern Missouri
FIGURE 5. Increased pigmentation on the lips and head (A) and presence of fin-knobs (B) on a male Cottus specus (69.8 mm SL).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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