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Fig. 7 in Comprehensive Analysis of the Jellyfish (Goette, 1886) (Semaeostomeae: Pelagiidae) with Description of the Complete rDNA Sequence.

Fig. 7. Nucleotide divergences of the cnidarians 18S and 28S rDNAs (datasets used in Table 1) based on corrected p-distances. Genetic distances between each paired sequence were calculated by the Kimura 2-parameter model, where a total of 16 cnidarian species were compared. Statistical analysis showed that the 18S rDNA divergences were significantly different from those of 28S rDNA (Student t-test, P <0.05, N = 66).

Fig. 6 in Comprehensive Analysis of the Jellyfish (Goette, 1886) (Semaeostomeae: Pelagiidae) with Description of the Complete rDNA Sequence.

Fig. 6. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Pelagiidae, including the genera Chrysaora, Pelagia and Sanderia, inferred from 18S rDNA (A), 28S rDNA (B) and morphological characters (C), which were redrawn from Fig. 95 in Morandini and Marques (2010). Phylogenetic trees of the rDNAs were constructed using the maximum-likelihood (ML) algorithms with the GTR+G model. A jellyfish Cyanea capillata (the family Cyaneidae) was used as the outgroup. Additional Bayesian trees generated similar branch patterns. The first and second numbers at the nodes display bootstrap proportions (BP) and posterior probabilities (PP) obtained in the ML and Bayesian analyses, respectively. Branch lengths are proportional to the scale given. Thick lines represent congruent branches between 18S and 28S, and morphological systematics.

Fig. 4. A in Comprehensive Analysis of the Jellyfish (Goette, 1886) (Semaeostomeae: Pelagiidae) with Description of the Complete rDNA Sequence.

Fig. 4. A dot matrix comparison of rDNA sequences between Chrysaora pacifica (KY 212123) and Aurelia coerulea (EU276014). Color scale bars represent consecutive sequence length of some regions detected similarly between the two sequence pairs. The open boxes in matrices indicate rDNA coding regions such as 18S, 5.8S, and 28S.

Fig. 2. A in Comprehensive Analysis of the Jellyfish (Goette, 1886) (Semaeostomeae: Pelagiidae) with Description of the Complete rDNA Sequence.

Fig. 2. A schematic representation of the single unit of rDNA (A), and GC content (%), nucleic acid distribution (% thymine), sequence complexity, and entropy (dS) in 100-bp windows across the entire rDNA nucleotides of Chrysaora pacifica (B). In the full rDNA (A), solid boxes indicate the ribosomal RNA genes and thin lines represent ITS or IGS. Nucleotide sequences in length and GC composition of each locus are represented near a line by calculation from a single unit of rDNA. The putative transcription start site is represented by an arrow; solid inverted-triangles represent sub-repeats in IGS.

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic relationships between jellyfishes within the order Semaeostomeae inferred from nearly complete 18S in Comprehensive Analysis of the Jellyfish (Goette, 1886) (Semaeostomeae: Pelagiidae) with Description of the Complete rDNA Sequence.

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic relationships between jellyfishes within the order Semaeostomeae inferred from nearly complete 18S rDNA (A) and partial 28S rDNA sequences (B) with maximum-likelihood (ML) algorithms. ML analyses of 18S and 28S were used as the nucleotide substitution model of GTR+G. Two hydrozoans (Hydractinia echinata and Podocoryne carnea for 18S rDNA; Astrohydra japonica and Melicertissa sp. for 28S) were included as the outgroups. Additional Bayesian analysis generated similar topology of the tree compared with the ML tree. Posterior probabilities (PP) from the analyses were incorporated into the ML tree to support the strength of each branch. The first and second numbers at the nodes display bootstrap proportions (BP) (> 50%) in ML and PP (> 0.50) in Bayesian, respectively. Branch lengths are proportional to the scale given. *Represents controversial species names, because they were suspected as different species by Bayha et al. (2017).

Fig. 1 in Comprehensive Analysis of the Jellyfish (Goette, 1886) (Semaeostomeae: Pelagiidae) with Description of the Complete rDNA Sequence.

Fig. 1. Live Chrysaora pacifica in natural habitat: basolateral (A and B), lateral (C) and apical view (D).

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Figure 1 in The first record of the deep-sea jellyfish Stygiomedusa gigantea (Scyphozoa: Semaeostomeae) from the tropical Southwestern Atlantic found on social media

Figure 1. Image of Syigiomedusa gigantea individuals observed in (A) Brazil, 12°34'39"S, 38°00'19"W, at the water surface, present study; (B) Gulf of Mexico, 26°12.483'N, 91°26.583'W, at 1747 m, from Benfield and Graham (2010); (C) Gulf of California, 25°27.220'N, 109°50.170', at 1300 m, from Drazen and Robinson (2004). The scale (= 1 m) is only applicable for Fig. 1A.

FIGURE 7 in In situ Observations of the Meso-Bathypelagic Scyphozoan, Deepstaria enigmatica (Semaeostomeae: Ulmaridae)

FIGURE 7. Two lithodid crabs (Paralomis sp.) crabs and several caridean shrimp species surrounding carcass of Deepstaria sp. (at left and below). At right (opposite page) a close-up of one crab feeding on the carcass shows the meshwork of the jelly's gastrovascular system.

FIGURE 5. A in In situ Observations of the Meso-Bathypelagic Scyphozoan, Deepstaria enigmatica (Semaeostomeae: Ulmaridae)

FIGURE 5. A, Deepstaria enigmatica in a closed/pursed position. B, Close-up image of anastomosing canals in of D. enigmatica.

FIGURE 2 in In situ Observations of the Meso-Bathypelagic Scyphozoan, Deepstaria enigmatica (Semaeostomeae: Ulmaridae)

FIGURE 2. Screenshot taken from video of Deepstaria enigmatica recorded at 974 m, showing the 10 cm spacing of lasers.

FIGURE 1 in In situ Observations of the Meso-Bathypelagic Scyphozoan, Deepstaria enigmatica (Semaeostomeae: Ulmaridae)

FIGURE 1. Canon ME20F-SH configuration showing A, backside, B, frontside, and C, mounted to the front of ROV Hercules.

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FIGURE 6 in In situ Observations of the Meso-Bathypelagic Scyphozoan, Deepstaria enigmatica (Semaeostomeae: Ulmaridae)

FIGURE 6. Various ventral views of Deepstaria enigmatica.

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FIGURE 3 in In situ Observations of the Meso-Bathypelagic Scyphozoan, Deepstaria enigmatica (Semaeostomeae: Ulmaridae)

FIGURE 3. Deepstaria enigmatica (below) with a blue-emitting bioluminescent Tomopteris sp. (above).

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FIGURE 4 in In situ Observations of the Meso-Bathypelagic Scyphozoan, Deepstaria enigmatica (Semaeostomeae: Ulmaridae)

FIGURE 4. Time-lapse series of Deepstaria enigmatica closing, illustrating peristaltic motion.

FIGURE 4 in A new subfamily of ulmarid scyphomedusae, the Santjordiinae, with a description of Santjordia pagesi gen. et sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Discomedusae: Semaeostomeae: Ulmaridae) from the Sumisu Caldera, Ogasawara Islands, Japan

FIGURE 4. Close-up photograph of subumbrella of preserved specimen of Santjordia pagesi gen. et sp. nov. holotype showing tentacle disposition. Sketch of subumbrella photograph, labelled with morphological characters. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A new subfamily of ulmarid scyphomedusae, the Santjordiinae, with a description of Santjordia pagesi gen. et sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Discomedusae: Semaeostomeae: Ulmaridae) from the Sumisu Caldera, Ogasawara Islands, Japan

FIGURE 3. Santjordia pagesi gen. et sp. nov. Holotype. a: photograph of lateral view of living specimen in the gate sampler; b: photograph of aboral view of living specimen in the gate sampler; c: sketch of lateral view of living specimen; d: sketch of aboral view of living specimen; e: sketch of portion of oral view of preserved specimen; f: close-up of adradial rhopalium of preserved specimen, showing exumbrella with cleft, statocyst and rhopaliar canal; g: close-up of oral arm of living specimen in the onboard aquarium, showing marginal papillae. Scale bar = 2 cm except f: scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in A new subfamily of ulmarid scyphomedusae, the Santjordiinae, with a description of Santjordia pagesi gen. et sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Discomedusae: Semaeostomeae: Ulmaridae) from the Sumisu Caldera, Ogasawara Islands, Japan

FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on the 16S-rDNA region for Scyphozoa. Values at nodes indicate ML bootstrap support>50%, and solid circles represent Bayesian probabilities>0.95.

FIGURE 5 in A new subfamily of ulmarid scyphomedusae, the Santjordiinae, with a description of Santjordia pagesi gen. et sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Discomedusae: Semaeostomeae: Ulmaridae) from the Sumisu Caldera, Ogasawara Islands, Japan

FIGURE 5. Photograph montage of a tentacle squash from the preserved specimen of Santjordia pagesi sp. nov. holotype showing nematocyst size and morphology. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURE 1 in A new subfamily of ulmarid scyphomedusae, the Santjordiinae, with a description of Santjordia pagesi gen. et sp. nov. (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Discomedusae: Semaeostomeae: Ulmaridae) from the Sumisu Caldera, Ogasawara Islands, Japan

FIGURE 1. In situ images of the holotype of Santjordia pagesi gen. et sp. nov. Top left: aboral-lateral view; top right: lateral view; bottom left: oral-lateral view; bottom right: lateral view within the gate valve sampler on the ROV Hyper-Dolphin. Specimen size = 100 mm diameter.