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52 results for “Sensory System”
Evolution of left-right asymmetry in the sensory system and foraging behavior during adaptation to food-sparse cave environments
<p>Laterality in relation to behavior and sensory systems is found commonly in a variety of animal taxa. Despite the advantages conferred by laterality (e.g., the startle response and complex motor activities), little is known about the evolution of laterality and its plasticity in response to ecological demands. In the present study, a comparative study model, the Mexican tetra (<em>Astyanax mexicanus</em>), composed of two morphotypes, i.e., riverine surface fish and cave-dwelling cavefish, was used to address the relationship between environment and laterality. The use of a machine learning-based fish posture detection system and sensory ablation revealed that the left cranial lateral line significantly supports one type of foraging behavior, i.e., vibration attraction behavior, in one cave population. Additionally, left-right asymmetric approaches toward a vibrating rod became symmetrical after fasting in one cave population but not in the other populations. Based on these findings, we propose a model explaining how the observed sensory laterality and behavioral shift could help adaptation in terms of the tradeoff in energy gain and loss during foraging according to differences in food availability among caves.</p> <p>This repository contains all of raw videos used in this study.</p> <p>Please let us know if you have any question on these videos</p>
REMODEL. WP6. Sensory Systems and Mechatronic Tools. T6-2. Development and optimization of sensory system components. Data related to a paper published in MDPI Machines 2021
<p>The datasets contain the data related to the experiment presented in the publication:</p> <p>A. Cirillo, G. Laudante, and S. Pirozzi, “Proximity sensor for thin wire recognition and manipulation,” Machines, vol. 9, no. 9, art. 188, Sept. 2021. (DOI: 10.3390/machines9090188)</p>
REMODEL. WP6. Sensory Systems and Mechatronic Tools. T6-2. Development and optimization of sensory system components. Data related to IMM2021 publication
<p>The datasets contain data related to the experiments presented in the publication:</p> <p>Costanzo, M., Pirozzi, S., “Optical Force/Tactile Sensors for Robotic Applications” (2021) IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine, 24 (5), art. no. 9491003, pp. 28-35. DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2021.9491003</p>
Рис. 2. Mukhina elegans (Mukhina, 1981) (самка): А — трофико-сенсорный отΔеΛ теΛа; Б — поΛовая система; В — переΔний конец теΛа; Г — хвост; À — фрагмент кутикуΛы с боковым поΛем бп — боковое поΛе, да — ΔробиΛьный аппарат, в — вуΛьва, зм — заΔняя матка, кб — карΔиаΛьный буΛьбус, кск — кΛетки среΔней кишки, нк — нервное коΛьцо, пм — переΔняя матка, р — ректум, рт — ренетта, с — сперма, ск — среΔняя кишка, сп — семяприемник, ф — фазмиΔы, хс — хейΛостома, эп — экскреторная пора, я — яичник Fig. 2. Mukhina elegans (Mukhina, 1981) (female): A — trophic-sensory part of the body; B — the reproductive system; C — the front end of the body; G — the tail; D — fragment of the cuticle with a side field бп — side field, да — crushing apparatus, в — vulva, зм — posterior uterus, кб — cardial bulb, кск — cells of the mid-intestine, нк — nerve ring, пм — anterior uterus, р — rectum, рт — renetta с — sperm, ск — mid-intestin, сп — seminal receptacle, ф — phasmids, хс — cheilostoma, эп — excretory pore, я — ovary in A New Species Sp. Nov. (Nematoda, Cephalobidae) From Primorsky Region (Russia)
Рис. 2. Mukhina elegans (Mukhina, 1981) (самка): А — трофико-сенсорный отΔеΛ теΛа; Б — поΛовая система; В — переΔний конец теΛа; Г — хвост; À — фрагмент кутикуΛы с боковым поΛем бп — боковое поΛе, да — ΔробиΛьный аппарат, в — вуΛьва, зм — заΔняя матка, кб — карΔиаΛьный буΛьбус, кск — кΛетки среΔней кишки, нк — нервное коΛьцо, пм — переΔняя матка, р — ректум, рт — ренетта, с — сперма, ск — среΔняя кишка, сп — семяприемник, ф — фазмиΔы, хс — хейΛостома, эп — экскреторная пора, я — яичник Fig. 2. Mukhina elegans (Mukhina, 1981) (female): A — trophic-sensory part of the body; B — the reproductive system; C — the front end of the body; G — the tail; D — fragment of the cuticle with a side field бп — side field, да — crushing apparatus, в — vulva, зм — posterior uterus, кб — cardial bulb, кск — cells of the mid-intestine, нк — nerve ring, пм — anterior uterus, р — rectum, рт — renetta с — sperm, ск — mid-intestin, сп — seminal receptacle, ф — phasmids, хс — cheilostoma, эп — excretory pore, я — ovary
Рис. 1. Teratocephalus lirellus Andrassy, 1969: A — трофико-сенсорный отΑеΛ теΛа; B — поΛовая система; C — фрагмент теΛа с боковым поΛем; D — хвост; E — фрагмент поΛовой системы и среΑней кишки; F, G — переΑний конец теΛа. am — амфиΑы, lf — боковое поΛе, v — вуΛьва, cc — гоΛовная капсуΛа, pu — заΑняя матка, au — переΑняя матка, r — ренетта, ep — экскреторная пора, o — яичник Fig. 1. Teratocephalus lirellus Andrassy, 1969: A — trophic-sensory part of the body; B — reproductive system; C — fragment of the body with a lateral field; D — tail; E — fragment reproductive system and intestine; F, H — anterior end of the body. am — amphid; lf — lateral field; v — vulva; cc — cephalic capsule; pu — posterior uterus; au — anterior uterus; r — renetta; ep — excretory pore; o — ovary in Recent data on soil nematodes of the families Teratocephalidae and Metateratocephalidae from Primorsky Region, Russia
Рис. 1. Teratocephalus lirellus Andrassy, 1969: A — трофико-сенсорный отΑеΛ теΛа; B — поΛовая система; C — фрагмент теΛа с боковым поΛем; D — хвост; E — фрагмент поΛовой системы и среΑней кишки; F, G — переΑний конец теΛа. am — амфиΑы, lf — боковое поΛе, v — вуΛьва, cc — гоΛовная капсуΛа, pu — заΑняя матка, au — переΑняя матка, r — ренетта, ep — экскреторная пора, o — яичник Fig. 1. Teratocephalus lirellus Andrassy, 1969: A — trophic-sensory part of the body; B — reproductive system; C — fragment of the body with a lateral field; D — tail; E — fragment reproductive system and intestine; F, H — anterior end of the body. am — amphid; lf — lateral field; v — vulva; cc — cephalic capsule; pu — posterior uterus; au — anterior uterus; r — renetta; ep — excretory pore; o — ovary
Figure 2 in A sense of scale: Foraging cetaceans' use of scale-dependent multimodal sensory systems
Figure 2. Scale-of-senses schematic of the hypothetical interchange of sensory modalities used by baleen whales to locate prey at variable scales. The line for audition of signals from prey is faded to denote a lack of evidence for this sensory system in baleen whales. X-axis on log scale, with equivalent metric distance given in gray type, and associated scale below. Y-axis ranks the relative use of each sensory modality between 0 (no contribution) and 10 (highest contribution) relative to its own information capacity, not relative to other senses.
Figure 1 in A sense of scale: Foraging cetaceans' use of scale-dependent multimodal sensory systems
Figure 1. Scale-of-senses schematic of the hypothetical interchange of sensory modalities used by dolphins to locate prey at variable scales. The line for chemoreception is faded to denote a lack of support for the sensory system in dolphins. X-axis on log scale, with equivalent metric distance given in gray type, and associated scale below. Y-axis ranks the relative use of each sensory modality between 0 (no contribution) and 10 (highest contribution) relative to its own information capacity, not relative to other senses.
Data from: Bats perceptually weight prey cues across sensory systems when hunting in noise
Anthropogenic noise can interfere with environmental information processing and thereby reduce survival and reproduction. Receivers of signals and cues in particular depend on perceptual strategies to adjust to noisy conditions. We found that predators that hunt using prey sounds can reduce the negative impact of noise by making use of prey cues conveyed through additional sensory systems. In the presence of masking noise, but not in its absence, frog-eating bats preferred and were faster in attacking a robotic frog emitting multiple sensory cues. The behavioral changes induced by masking noise were accompanied by an increase in active localization through echolocation. Our findings help to reveal how animals can adapt to anthropogenic noise and have implications for the role of sensory ecology in driving species interactions.
Morphological diversity in the sensory system of phyllostomid bats: implications for acoustic and dietary ecology
1. Sensory systems perform fitness-relevant functions, and specialized sensory structures allow organisms to accomplish challenging tasks. However, broad comparative analyses of sensory morphologies and their performance are lacking for diverse mammalian radiations. 2. Neotropical leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) are one of the most ecologically diverse mammal groups; including a wide range of diets and foraging behaviors, and extreme morphological variation in external sensory structures used in echolocation (nose leaf and pinnae). 3. We coupled 3D geometric morphometrics and acoustic field recordings under a phylogenetic framework to investigate the mechanisms underlying the diversification of external sensory morphologies in phyllostomids, and explored the potential implications of sensory morphological diversity to functional outputs and dietary ecology. 4. We found that the nose leaf consists of two evolutionary modules, spear and horseshoe, suggesting that modularity enabled morphological and functional diversification of this structure. 5. We found a significant association between some aspects of nose leaf shape and maximum frequency and bandwidth of echolocation calls, but not between pinnae shape and echolocation call parameters. This may be explained by the use of multiple sensory modes across phyllostomids and plasticity of some echolocation call parameters. 6. Species with different diets significantly differed in nose leaf shape, specifically in spear breadth, presence of a midrib, and cupping and anterior rotation of the horseshoe. This may relate to different levels of prey type specificity within each diet. Pinnae shape significantly differed between species that consume non-mobile, non-evasive prey (broad rounded, cupped pinnae) and mobile, evasive prey (flattened pinnae with a sharp tapering apex). This may reflect the use of different sound cues to detect prey. 7. Our results give insight into the morphological evolution of external sensory structures in bats, and highlight new links between morphological diversity and ecology.
Disrupted development of sensory systems and the cerebellum in a zebrafish ebf3a mutant
<p>Behavior and imaging data for the ebf3a mutant zebrafish line. Also, Supplementary Data S1, which contains additional RNA-seq analyses and code.</p>
Effect of percutaneous electrical stimulation with high-frequency alternating currents at 30 kHz on the sensory-motor system of healthy volunteers.
<p>Unmodulated high-frequency alternating currents (HFAC) are employed for producing peripheral nerves block. HFAC have been applied in humans with frequencies up to 20 kHz, whether transcutaneously, percutaneously, or via surgically-implanted electrodes. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of percutaneous HFAC, applied with ultrasound-guided needles at 30 kHz, on the sensory-motor nerve conduction of healthy volunteers.</p>
Data from: Bats perceptually weight prey cues across sensory systems when hunting in noise
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Morphological diversity in the sensory system of phyllostomid bats: implications for acoustic and dietary ecology
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Sensory limitations and the maintenance of color polymorphisms: viewing the 'alba' female polymorphism through the visual system of male Colias butterflies
Although color polymorphisms are a widespread and conspicuous component of extant biodiversity, the selective pressures that act to maintain multiple morphs within populations remain poorly understood in most cases. In particular, the role that visual system limitations may play in maintaining multiple color morphs is not well explored. We used a female-limited color polymorphism common to the butterfly genus Colias, called the 'alba' polymorphism, to investigate the hypotheses that mate-searching males may struggle to discriminate pale 'alba' females from co-occurring heterospecific white butterflies and/or heterospecific 'alba' females, or that 'alba' females may be more difficult to detect than non-'alba' females in natural scenes. Such perceptual limitations may influence the relative mating rates of 'alba' versus non-'alba' females, contributing to the evolutionary persistence of both morphs. Based on receptor-noise-limited modeling of the male Colias visual system, we find that 'alba' females exhibit chromatic and luminance contrasts against background foliage that are most similar to the 'alba' females of other co-occurring Colias species and females of the co-occurring white butterfly Pieris rapae. When compared to other co-flying butterflies including non-'alba' females, 'alba' females are consistently lower in chromatic contrast against background, but higher in luminance contrast. When viewed side-by-side, we estimate that male Colias should be able to discriminate 'alba' females from other co-occurring heterospecific butterflies, including heterospecific 'albas'. However, under field conditions that involve larger distances in space or time, males are likely to face challenges discriminating between conspecific 'alba' females and co-occurring heterospecific white butterflies, particularly heterospecific 'alba' females. Our results suggest that constraints arising from male visual function may be involved in the maintenance of this color polymorphism, particularly in populations that co-occur with other 'alba'-polymorphic Colias species. We argue that such visual system constraints may play a larger role in the maintenance of color polymorphism than has been empirically appreciated to date.
Figure 4 in A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system
Figure 4. The craniofacial epidermis of Daspletosaurus horneri sp. nov., based on comparison with its closest living relatives, crocodylians and birds. Bone texture indicates large zones of large, flat scales and subordinate regions of armor-like skin and cornified epidermis; integumentary sense organs occur on the flat scales that cover the densest regions of neurovascular foramina. The region outside of the crocodylian-like skin is reconstructed with small scales after fossilized skin impressions of tyrannosaurids. This figure is not covered by the CC BY licence. Illustration © Dino Pulerà. All rights reserved, used with permission.
Figure 1 in A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system
Figure 1. Skull and jaws of the holotype (MOR 590) of Daspletosaurus horneri sp. nov.; (A) photograph and, (B) labeled line drawing of skull and jaws in left lateral view; (C) photograph and, (D) labeled line drawing of occiput and suspensorium in caudal view; (E) photograph and, (F) labeled line drawing of skull in dorsal view. Scale bars equal 10 cm. Abbreviations: MOR, Museum of the Rockies.
Figure 2 in A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system
Figure 2. Phylogenetic position and synapomorphies of Daspletosaurus, based on parsimony analysis. (A) Phylogenetic relationships of tyrannosaurines calibrated to geological time. Full consensus trees in Extended Data. Synapomorphies of the Daspletosaurus lineage from: (B) maxilla of MOR 1130; (C) lacrimal of MOR 1130; (D) postorbital of CMN 11594; (E) vomer of MOR 590; (F) palatine of MOR 1130; and (G) frontoparietal complex of MOR 590. Abbreviations: AMNH FARB, American Museum of Natural History, Fossil Amphibians, Reptiles, and Birds; As, Asia CMN, Canadian Museum of Nature; K/Pg, Cretaceous- Paleogene; LA, Laramidia; MOR, Museum of the Rockies.
Figure 3 in A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system
Figure 3. The growth series of Daspletosaurus horneri sp. nov., based on parsimony analysis. Unambiguously optimized derived phylogenetic characters were recovered as synontomorphies at two of the five growth stages, which are labeled at the corresponding numbers. Scale bar equals 10 cm. Abbreviations: AMNH FARB, American Museum of Natural History, Fossil Amphibians, Reptiles, and Birds; MOR, Museum of the Rockies.
FIGURE 5 in THE SUPRATEMPORAL SYSTEM AND THE PATTERN OF RAMIFICATION OF CEPHALIC SENSORY CANALS IN DENTICEPS CLUPEOIDES (DENTICIPITOIDEI, TELEOSTEI): ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE FOR MONOPHYLY OF CLUPEIFORMES AND CLUPEOIDEI
FIGURE 5. Main components of the latero-sensory system in the supraorbital and temporal regions of the cranium in Denticeps clupeoides (MZUSP 84776). Lateral view, left side. Extrascapular not represented. The sinus temporalis portion of the supratemporal system (ss) fills the temporal foramen chamber (tfc), which also houses the temporal foramen. Three tubules of the supratemporal system are present in this specimen (atss, ptss1, and ptss2), but 2 to 5 tubules are variably present in other specimens examined. Dark grey represents portions of cephalic canals enclosed or overlain by bone; light grey represents canals in soft tissue. Dermal denticles, tubule of supraorbital cavern, and extrascapular not represented. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 6 in THE SUPRATEMPORAL SYSTEM AND THE PATTERN OF RAMIFICATION OF CEPHALIC SENSORY CANALS IN DENTICEPS CLUPEOIDES (DENTICIPITOIDEI, TELEOSTEI): ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE FOR MONOPHYLY OF CLUPEIFORMES AND CLUPEOIDEI
FIGURE 6. Postorbital bulla and surrounding structures in Denticeps clupeoides (MZUSP 84776). Lateral view, left side. Dark grey represents portions of cephalic canals enclosed or overlain by bone; light grey represents canals in soft tissue. Dashed ellipse shows the postorbital bulla. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
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