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11 results for “Smallholder agriculture”
Data from: Agricultural specialisation increases the vulnerability of pollination services for smallholder farmers
<p>Smallholder farms make up 84% of all farms worldwide and feed two billion people. These farms are heavily reliant on ecosystem services and vulnerable to environmental change, yet under-represented in the ecological literature. The high diversity of crops in these systems makes it challenging to identify and manage the best providers of an ecosystem service, such as the best pollinators to meet the needs of multiple crops. It is also unclear whether ecosystem service requirements change as smallholders transition towards more specialised commercial farming – an increasing trend worldwide. Here, we present a new metric for predicting the species providing ecosystem services in diverse multi-crop farming systems. Working in 10 smallholder villages in rural Nepal, we use this metric to test whether key pollinators, and the management actions that support them, differ based on a farmers' agricultural priority (producing nutritious food to feed the family versus generating income from cash crops). We also test whether the resilience of pollination services changes as farmers specialise on cash crops. We show that a farmers' agricultural priority can determine the community of pollinators they rely upon. Wild insects including bumblebees, solitary bees, and flies provided the majority of the pollination service underpinning nutrient production, whilst income generation was much more dependent on a single species - the domesticated honeybee <em>Apis cerana</em>. The significantly lower diversity of pollinators supporting income generation leaves cash crop farmers more vulnerable to pollinator declines. Regardless of a farmers' agricultural priority, the same collection of wild plant species (mostly herbaceous weeds and shrubs) were important for supporting crop pollinators with floral resources. Promoting these wild plants is likely to enhance pollination services for all farmers in the region.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications:</em> We highlight the increased vulnerability of pollination services when smallholders transition to specialised cash crop farming and emphasise the role of crop, pollinator, and wild plant diversity in mitigating this risk. The method we present could be readily applied to other smallholder settings across the world to help characterise and manage the ecosystem services underpinning the livelihoods and nutritional health of smallholder families.</p>
Data from: Agricultural specialisation increases the vulnerability of pollination services for smallholder farmers
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Determinants of climate-smart agriculture adoption and crop productivity among smallholder farmers in Nyimba district, Zambia
<p>Data was collected among smallholder farmers' households in the Nyimba district of Zambia in a view to find determinants for crop productivity and adoption of climate-smart agriculture practices. </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Overlooked biodiversity loss in tropical smallholder agriculture
Smallholder agriculture is the main driver of deforestation in the western Amazon, where terrestrial biodiversity reaches its global maximum. Understanding the biodiversity value of the resulting mosaics of cultivations and secondary forest is therefore crucial for conservation planning. However, Amazonian communities are organized across multiple forest‐types that support distinct species assemblages, and little is known about smallholder impacts across the range of forest habitats that are essential for sustaining biodiversity. We address this issue with a large‐scale field inventory of birds and trees in primary forest and smallholder agriculture in northern Peru, spanning three key forest‐types that structure Amazonian biodiversity. For birds, smallholder agriculture supported species richness comparable to primary forest within each forest‐type, but biotic homogenization across forest‐types resulted in substantial losses of biodiversity overall. These overall losses are invisible to studies that focus solely on upland (terra firme) forest. For trees, biodiversity losses in upland forests dominated the signal across all habitats combined, and homogenization across habitats did not exacerbate biodiversity loss. Proximity to forest strongly predicted the persistence of forest‐associated bird and tree species in the smallholder mosaic, and because intact forest is ubiquitous in our study area, our results probably represent a best‐case scenario for biodiversity in Amazonian agriculture. Land‐use planning both inside and outside of protected areas should recognize that tropical smallholder agriculture has pervasive biodiversity impacts that are not apparent in typical single‐habitat studies. The full range of forest‐types must be surveyed to accurately assess biodiversity losses, and primary forests must be protected to prevent landscape‐scale biodiversity loss.
Adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices and Its Impact on Crop Productivity: A Case Study of Smallholder Farmers in Nyimba District, Zambia
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Data from: Agricultural intensification and the functional capacity of soil microbes on smallholder African farms
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Data from: Overlooked biodiversity loss in tropical smallholder agriculture
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Household Survey - Impacts of large-scale land acquisitions on smallholder agriculture and livelihoods in Tanzania
<p><strong>** Article & Dataset Currently Under Review **</strong></p> <p><strong>Dataset Overview</strong></p> <p>Our household dataset is associated with a pre-print article "Impacts of large-scale land acquisitions on smallholder agriculture and livelihoods in Tanzania". The household survey is designed for the purposes of policy evaluation with selection of households based on proximity to large-scale land acquisitions (treatment) and a set of households in similar socio-ecological contexts with no association to large-scale land acquisitions (control). Households were selected as a random sample in 35 villages surrounding LSLAs who provided responses to a questionnaire covering household income, assets, farming practices, health, food-security, and energy-use. </p> <p>Two datasets are provided. First, the "hh_dataset_rep.csv" providing household responses for variables used in this study. Second, the "hh_crops_rep.csv" provides detail on crops cultivated by each household, self-reported yields and farm-gate prices. Each variable is described in the "variable_descriptoin.xlsx". In addition to the datasets, we provide replication code for this study "lsla_mechanisms_rep.Rmd" as an R-Markdown file.</p> <p><strong>Article Abstract</strong></p> <p>Improving agricultural productivity is a major sustainability challenge of the 21<sup>st</sup> century. Large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs) have important effects on both well-being and the environment in the Global South, but their impacts on agricultural productivity and subsequent effects on farm incomes or food-security are under-investigated. Prior studies lack data or methods to investigate the mechanistic nature of household change in agricultural practices that may vary due to LSLA conditions. To overcome this challenge, we use a novel household dataset and a quasi-experimental design to estimate household level changes in agricultural value driven by LSLAs in Tanzania. In addition, we use a causal mediation analysis to assess how contract farming arrangements, land loss, and adoption of new farming technologies around LSLAs influence agricultural productivity. We find that households near LSLAs produced 19.2% (95% CI: 3.5 – 37.2%) higher agricultural value, primarily due to increased crop prices and farmer selection of high-value crops. Importantly, effect sizes are positively and negatively mediated by different mechanisms. The presence of contract farming explains 18.1% (95% CI: 0.56%, 47%) of the effect size in agricultural value, whereas land loss reduces agricultural value by 26.8% (95% CI: -71.3%, -4.0%). We also estimate whether improvements in food-security and household incomes occur in proximity to LSLAs, as anticipated with higher agricultural value. However, we do not find increases in agricultural income and food security, which may be due to higher crop prices in proximity to LSLAs. Our results stand in contrast to assumptions that technological spillovers occur through LSLAs and are principal drivers of agrarian change, holding important implications for agricultural transformations. Instead access to output markets through contract farming enables greater agricultural value whereas land loss negatively affects the agricultural value of households. Governance strategies should focus on limiting negative impacts related to the loss of smallholder land rights enabling greater access to contract farming.</p> <p> </p>
Role of sustainable agricultural intensification in food and nutrition security of smallholder subsistence farmers: Evidence from cereal legume intercropping in Eastern Ethiopia
<p>This data set is a biological data generated through field experimentation on cereal legume intercropping. In general, the contents of the data set are type of treatment (experimental materials), site of experiment, biomass and grain yields, etc. There is no legal and ethical issues related to this data set and its process of generation. The data can be re-used with proper acknowledgement of the authors. </p>
Role of sustainable agricultural intensification in food and nutrition security of smallholder subsistence farmers: Evidence from cereal legume intercropping in Eastern Ethiopia
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Towards sustainable agriculture: the impact of the Instituto Nacional de Colonización on smallholder farmers in Uruguay.
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OpenNeuro
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