Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

Evolution of conditional cooperation in collective-risk social dilemma with repeated group interactions

The question of how cooperation evolves and is sustained over time has been a long-standing and unresolved issue in the fields of evolutionary biology and social sciences. Previous theoretical and experimental research based on the collective-risk social dilemma game has revealed the risk that the failure of collective goals will affect the evolution of cooperation. Considering that in the real world individuals usually adjust their decisions based on environmental factors such as risk intensity and cooperation level, it is still not well understood how such conditional behaviors affect the evolution of cooperation in repeated group interactions scenario from a theoretical perspective. Here, we construct an evolutionary game model with repeated interactions, in which defectors decide whether to cooperate in subsequent rounds of the game based on whether the risk exceeds their tolerance threshold and whether the number of cooperators exceeds the collective goal in the early rounds of the game. We find that the introduction of conditional cooperation strategy can effectively promote the emergence of cooperation, especially when the risk is low. In addition, the risk threshold significantly affects the evolutionary outcomes. Furthermore, our results confirm that a high risk can promote the emergence of cooperation. Importantly, when the risk exceeds the tolerance threshold, timely adjustment of strategies by conditional cooperators is beneficial for maintaining high-level cooperation.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Data for: Termite nest evolution fostered social parasitism by termitophilous rove beetles

Colonies of social insects contain large amounts of resources often exploited by specialized social parasites. While some termite species host numerous parasitic arthropod species, called termitophiles, others host none. The reason for this large variability remains unknown. Here we report that the evolution of termitophily in rove beetles is linked to termite nesting strategies. We compared one-piece nesters, whose entire colony life is completed within a single wood piece, to foraging species, which exploit multiple physically separated food sources. Our epidemiological model predicts that characteristics related to foraging (e.g., extended colony longevity and frequent interactions with other colonies) increase the probability of parasitism by termitophiles. We tested our prediction using literature data. We found that foraging species are more likely to host termitophilous rove beetles than one-piece nesters: 99.6% of known termitophilous species were associated with foraging termites, while 0.4% were associated with one-piece nesters. Notably, the few one-piece nesting species hosting termitophiles were those having foraging potential and access to soil. Our phylogenetic analyses confirmed that termitophily primarily evolved with foraging termites. These results highlight that the evolution of complex termite societies fostered social parasitism, explaining why some species have more social parasites than others.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Data from: The evolution of sex similarities in social signals: Climatic seasonality is associated with lower sexual dimorphism and greater elaboration of female and male signals in antbirds (Thamnophilidae)

Selection on signals that mediate social competition varies with resource availability. Climate regulates resource availability, which may affect the strength of competition and selection on signals. Traditionally, this meant that more seasonal, colder, or dryer – overall harsher – environments should favor the elaboration of male signals under stronger male-male competition, increasing sexual dimorphism. However, females also use signals to compete; thus, harsher environments could strengthen competition and favor elaboration of signals in both sexes, decreasing sexual dimorphism. Alternatively, harsher environments could decrease sexual dimorphism due to scarcer resources to invest in signal elaboration in both sexes. We evaluated these contrasting hypotheses in antbirds, a family of Neotropical passerines that varies in female and male signals and occurs across diverse climatic regimes. We tested the association of sexual dimorphism of plumage coloration and songs with temperature, precipitation and their seasonality. We found that greater seasonality is associated with lower sexual dimorphism in plumage coloration and greater elaboration of visual signals in both sexes, but not acoustic signals. Our results suggest that greater seasonality may be associated with convergent elaboration of female and male visual signals, highlighting the role of signals of both sexes in the evolution of sexual dimorphism.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

The evolution of marsupial social organization

It is generally believed that marsupials are more primitive mammals than placentals and mainly solitary living, representing the ancestral form of social organization of all mammals. However, field studies have observed pair- and group-living in marsupial species, but no comparative study about their social evolution was ever done. Here we describe the results of primary literature research on marsupial social organization which indicate that most species can live in pairs or groups and many show intra-specific variation in social organization. Using Bayesian phylogenetic mixed-effects models with a moderate phylogenetic signal of 0.18 we found that solitary living is the most likely ancestral form (35% posterior probability), but has high uncertainty, and the combined probability of partly sociable marsupial ancestors (65%) should not be overlooked. For Australian marsupials, group-living species were less likely to be found in climates representing tropical rainforest, and species with a variable social organization were associated with low and unpredictable precipitation representing deserts. Our results suggest that modern marsupials are more sociable than previously believed and that there is no strong support that their ancestral state was strictly solitary living, such that the assumption of a solitary ancestral state of all mammals may also need reconsideration.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2018View details →

Complete numerical solutions for "Inference of ecological and social drivers of human brain-size evolution" by Mauricio González-Forero and Andy Gardner

This zip file contains the complete numerical solutions across the parameter sweep over the P parameters for the six cases considered. /1RatioForm/ -> solutions for power competence. /2DiffForm/ -> solutions for exponential competence. /1RatioForm/1BenchmarkFromSimpleInitialGuess -> solution for the step 1 of initialization (section 5 of the SI). /1RatioForm/2Benchmark/ -> solution for the step 2 of the initialization (section 5 of the SI). /1RatioForm/3AdditiveCoop/ -> solutions across the P parameter combinations for additive cooperation. /1RatioForm/4MultCoop/ -> solutions across the P parameter combinations for multiplicative cooperation. /1RatioForm/5SubMultCoop/ -> solutions across the P parameter combinations for submultiplicative cooperation. The contents of /2DiffForm/ are analogous. The P vector is written in these files in the order (etas,etac,etaC,etag), where etas -> P1 etac -> P3 etaC -> P2 etag -> P4 The files 1runNotesACMC.pdf and 2runNotesSC.pdf contain the tree structure of the parameter sweep, specifying which parameter combination was used as the resident and which combinations converged to an uninvadable strategy (those with a checkmark). The file 3runNotesMaternalCareOptimization.pdf contains the 10 parameter combinations that yielded the best adult fit, which then were subject to variation in the parameter phi to find the combination that yielded the best ontogenetic fit. The file 4runNotesDuplicates.pdf gives the parameter combinations that were not run because they are equivalent to other parameter combinations. Running [T,N1,run,Tshort,N1short,runShort]=etaCombinations in Matlab and typing run.seed{i}.parallel{:} gives the "next" parameter combinations from parameter combination i (where i is a number 1,2,...) for PC-AC, EC-MC, PC-SC, and EC-SC. The meaning of "next" is explained in step 4 of the parameter sweep (section 5 of the SI). Typing runShort.seed{i}.parallel{:} gives the "next" parameter combinations from parameter combination i for PC-MC and EC-AC. The terminal folders contain the solutions and have the following files: brainNashDeep.m -> the master file launching the iteration of best responses. brainMainDeep.m -> the file launching one iteration solving the optimal control problem to find best response. brainMainTestRunDeep.m -> runs a test to check if there are infeasibility warnings. brainContinuous.m -> specifies the dynamic constraints. brainEndpoint.m -> specifies the terminal constraints. parameters.m -> specifies the parameter values and rescales them to rescale units as specified in section 5 of the SI. getSolution.m -> extracts solution. plots.m -> plots solutions over best response iterations. brainPlot.m -> plots solution of a given best response iteration. guessDeep.mat -> initial guess and resident used. solutionNashDeep.mat -> solutions over best response iterations. solutionDeep.mat -> solution of last best response iteration.

Fig. 7 in On ''Molecular Phylogeny of Vespidae (Hymenoptera) and the Evolution of Sociality in Wasps''

Fig. 7. Screen display of same portion of the 28S alignment as in figure 6, with the show character statistics toggle of Winclada set to on. See text for explanation of the numbers displayed.

Fig. 6 in On ''Molecular Phylogeny of Vespidae (Hymenoptera) and the Evolution of Sociality in Wasps''

Fig. 6. Portion of 28S alignment of Schmitz and Moritz (1998) as displayed on the screen by Winclada.

Fig. 2. Cladogram for the 28S in On ''Molecular Phylogeny of Vespidae (Hymenoptera) and the Evolution of Sociality in Wasps''

Fig. 2. Cladogram for the 28S rDNA alignment of Schmitz and Moritz (1998). The length is 302 steps; consistency index = 0.76 and retention index = 0.80.

Fig. 3. Cladogram for the combined 16S in On ''Molecular Phylogeny of Vespidae (Hymenoptera) and the Evolution of Sociality in Wasps''

Fig. 3. Cladogram for the combined 16S data and the morphological and behavioral characters (see appendix 1). The length is 652 steps; consistency index = 0.64 and retention index = 0.69.

Fig. 4. Consensus tree for the combined 28S in On ''Molecular Phylogeny of Vespidae (Hymenoptera) and the Evolution of Sociality in Wasps''

Fig. 4. Consensus tree for the combined 28S data and the morphological and behavioral characters (see appendix 1). The length is of the two underlying cladograms is 458 steps; consistency index = 0.81 and retention index = 0.85.

Fig. 5 in On ''Molecular Phylogeny of Vespidae (Hymenoptera) and the Evolution of Sociality in Wasps''

Fig. 5. Cladogram for the combined sequence datasets and the morphological and behavioral characters. The length is 907 steps; consistency index = 0.68 and retention index = 0.75.

Figs. 1–6 in Phylogenetic Relationships Among Yellowjackets and the Evolution of Social Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae)

Figs. 1–6. Characters of yellowjackets. 1–2, clypeus. 1, V. rufa (Linnaeus). 2, Vespula austriaca (Panzer). 3–4, head in frontal view. 3, Dolichovespula sylvestris (Scopoli). 4, D. norvegicoides (Sladen). 5–6, head in lateral view. 5, V. pensylvanica (de Saussure). 6, V. vidua (de Saussure). All scale bars equal 1 mm.

Fig. 19 in Phylogenetic Relationships Among Yellowjackets and the Evolution of Social Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae)

Fig. 19. Cladogram resulting from analysis of all the characters in table 1. Characters have been optimized with only unambiguous changes plotted. Character numbers are above the hashmarks; state changes are shown below, with the respective primitive and derived conditions separated by a ''.''. Filled hashmarks denote uncontroverted changes, whereas open hashmarks indicate homoplasy in the character. Characters supporting the monophyly of yellowjackets as a whole are not plotted. This cladogram also results from analysis of only the morphological characters in table 1.

Figs. 13–18 in Phylogenetic Relationships Among Yellowjackets and the Evolution of Social Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae)

Figs. 13–18. Characters of yellowjackets. 13–14, mandibular teeth. 13, Vespula shidai Ishikawa, Yamane and Wagner. 14, Dolichovespula saxonica (Fabricius). 15–18, mesosoma in lateral view. 15, D. adulterina (du Buysson). 16, Dolichovespula maculata (Linnaeus). 17, V. rufa (Linnaeus). 18, V. germanica (Fabricius). All scale bars equal 1 mm.

Fig. 20 in Phylogenetic Relationships Among Yellowjackets and the Evolution of Social Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae)

Fig. 20. Cladogram resulting from analysis of the behavioral characters in table 1, with the three inquiline species deleted.

Fig. 21 in Phylogenetic Relationships Among Yellowjackets and the Evolution of Social Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae)

Fig. 21. Cladogram for yellowjacket species, with usurpation behavior optimized. State changes are shown below squares, with the respective primitive and derived conditions separated by a ''.''. Grayscaled squares denote convergent changes whereas open squares indicate reversal.

Figs. 7–12 in Phylogenetic Relationships Among Yellowjackets and the Evolution of Social Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae)

Figs. 7–12. Characters of yellowjackets. 7–8, head in lateral view. 7, Dolichovespula norvegicoides (Sladen). 8, D. adulterina (du Buysson). 9–10, head in frontal view. 9, Vespula rufa (Linnaeus). 10, D. alpicola Eck. 11, head in lateral view, D. arenaria (Fabricius). 12, mandibular teeth, V. germanica (Fabricius). All scale bars equal 1 mm.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

Data from: A caste differentiation mutant elucidates the evolution of socially parasitic ants

<div> <div> <div> <div> Most ant species have two distinct female castes – queens and workers – yet the developmental and genetic mechanisms that produce these alternative phenotypes remain poorly understood. Working with the clonal raider ant, Ooceraea biroi, we discovered a variant strain that expresses queen-like traits in individuals that would normally become workers. The variants show changes in morphology, behavior, and fitness that cause them to rely on workers in wild-type (WT) colonies for survival. Overall, they resemble the queens of many obligately parasitic ants that have evolutionarily lost the worker caste and live inside colonies of closely related hosts. To understand the genetic basis of this variant strain, which we term the queen-like mutants (QLM), we re-analyzed published PacBio and Hi-C data (McKenzie and Kronauer 2018) using the Falcon pipeline. </div> </div> </div> </div>

openmit-licenseMar 2022View details →

Reference data from the Pathomove simulation, for the manuscript "Novel pathogen introduction triggers rapid evolution in animal social movement strategies"

This is a reference dataset of multiple runs of the 'Pathomove' simulation, to accompany the manuscript "Novel pathogen introduction rapidly alters the evolution of movement, restructuring animal societies". The datasets are in the form of R data objects saved as Rds files. This version of the data is intended to accompany a resubmission to eLife.