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67 results for “Social spider”
Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree for Crematogaster rothneyi and C. yaharai inferred from 12S in Fig. 7 in Effect of Kleptoparasitic Ants on the Foraging Behavior of a Social Spider ( Karsch, 1891).
Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree for Crematogaster rothneyi and C. yaharai inferred from 12S rRNA sequences (12S, 387 bp). Numbers above nodes indicate the bootstrap values. Please note, only one sequence from each population was available.
Fig. 3 in Fig. 7 in Effect of Kleptoparasitic Ants on the Foraging Behavior of a Social Spider ( Karsch, 1891).
Fig. 3. Crematogaster rothneyi. (A, B, C) non-type worker from Calcutta, India (HW 0.8; WL 0.9). (A) body in lateral view; (B) full-face view of head; (C) dorsal view of mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole. (D, E, F) non-type worker from Sulawesi, Indonesia (HW 0.74; WL 0.88). (D) body in lateral view; (E) full-face view of head; (F) dorsal view of mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole.
Fig. 1 in Fig. 7 in Effect of Kleptoparasitic Ants on the Foraging Behavior of a Social Spider ( Karsch, 1891).
Fig. 1. Distribution map of the Crematogaster rothneyi group. Closed circle indicates C. rothneyi, closed triangle indicates C. rothneyi haputalensis, closed square indicates C. yaharai.
Fig. 5 in Fig. 7 in Effect of Kleptoparasitic Ants on the Foraging Behavior of a Social Spider ( Karsch, 1891).
Fig. 5. Left antenna. (A) Crematogaster rothneyi; (B) Crematogaster yaharai. Arrow indicates antennal segments V and VI.
Fig. 4 in Fig. 7 in Effect of Kleptoparasitic Ants on the Foraging Behavior of a Social Spider ( Karsch, 1891).
Fig. 4. Crematogaster yaharai, paratype worker from Cambodia (HW 0.72; WL 0.83). (A) body in lateral view; (B) full-face view of head; (C) dorsal view of mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole.
Fig. 7 in Effect of Kleptoparasitic Ants on the Foraging Behavior of a Social Spider ( Karsch, 1891).
Fig. 7. Handling time (minutes) of both K unexposed (Ku, n = 3 groups) and K exposed (Ke, n = 3 groups) spider groups recorded during three different times (9 am, 1 pm and 5 pm) of the four experimental days.
Fig. 4 in Effect of Kleptoparasitic Ants on the Foraging Behavior of a Social Spider ( Karsch, 1891).
Fig. 4. Web rebuilding ability (Size of the web (cm2 ± SEM) of the K unexposed (Kleptoparasite "K" is O. smaragdina) spider groups (Fasted (n = 3 groups) and Fed (n = 3 groups)) during the 4 experimental days. The regression lines, blue line (Fasted spider) has the Intercept a = 236.94, Slope b = 71.812 and Coefficient of Determination R² = 0.966 and the red line (Fed spider) has a = 78.925, b = 55.61 and R² = 0.955.
Fig. 3 in Effect of Kleptoparasitic Ants on the Foraging Behavior of a Social Spider ( Karsch, 1891).
Fig. 3. Kleptoparasites of S. sarasinorum. (A) Argyrodes kumadai (Dewdrop spider). (B) Hyllus semicupreus (Heavy-bodied jumper). (C) Phintella vittata (Banded phintella). (D) Oxyopes javanus (Lynx spider). (E) Oecophylla smaragdina (Weaver ant). (F) Anoplolepis gracilipes (Yellow crazy ant). Photo courtesy of: Karunnappilli S. Nafin.
Fig. 6 in Effect of Kleptoparasitic Ants on the Foraging Behavior of a Social Spider ( Karsch, 1891).
Fig. 6. Size of the web (cm2 ± SEM) built by fed and fasted (K unexposed ("- K exposure"): n = 3 groups) and K exposed ("+ K exposure"): n = 3 groups) spider groups.
Fig. 2 in Effect of Kleptoparasitic Ants on the Foraging Behavior of a Social Spider ( Karsch, 1891).
Fig. 2. (A) An individual colony of S. sarasinorum. (B) Experimental set-up for the study. (C) Spiders (Host) in captivity- Ant (Kleptoparasite- O. smaragdina) exposed.
Fig. 5 in Effect of Kleptoparasitic Ants on the Foraging Behavior of a Social Spider ( Karsch, 1891).
Fig. 5. Web rebuilding ability (Size of the web (cm2 ± SEM)) of the K exposed (Kleptoparasite "K" is O. smaragdina) spider groups (Fasted (n = 3 groups) and Fed (n = 3 groups)) during the 4 experimental days. The regression lines, blue line (Fasted spider) has the Intercept a = 64.13, Slope b = 73.361 and Coefficient of Determination R2 = 0.96 and the red line (Fed spider) has a = 41.5, b = 65.25 and R2 = 0.948.
Fig. 1 in Effect of Kleptoparasitic Ants on the Foraging Behavior of a Social Spider ( Karsch, 1891).
Fig. 1. Map of the study area – Social spider web colonies (Marked as red spot) on Christ College Irinjalakuda.
Data from: Selection for collective aggressiveness favors social susceptibility in social spiders
Particularly socially influential individuals are present in many groups, but it is unclear whether their emergence is determined by their social influence versus the social susceptibility of others. The social spider Stegodyphus dumicola shows regional variation in apparent leader-follower dynamics. We use this variation to evaluate the relative contributions of leader social influence versus follower social susceptibility in driving this social order. Using chimeric colonies that combine potential leaders and followers, we discover that leader-follower dynamics emerge from the site-specific social susceptibility of followers. We further show that the presence of leaders increases colony survival in environments where leader-follower dynamics occur. Thus, leadership is driven by the "social susceptibility" of the population majority, rather than the social influence of key group members.
Impaired immune function accompanies social evolution in spiders
<p><span>An efficient immune system is essential to the survival of many animals. Sociality increases risk of pathogen transmission, which should select for enhanced immune function. However, two hypotheses instead predict a weakened immune function: relaxed selection caused by social immunity/protection, and reduced efficacy of selection due to inbreeding, reproductive skew, and female bias in social species that reduces effective population size and accelerate genetic drift. We assessed the effect of social evolution on immune function in a comparative study of two social spider species and their closely related subsocial sister species (genus <em>Stegodyphus</em>). The haemolymph of social species was less efficient in inhibiting the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria than that of subsocial species. Reduced efficacy of selection in social species was supported by comparative genomic analysis of immune genes showing substantially elevated non-synonymous substitutions in one of the social species. We propose that this impaired immune function is likely to be a result of reduced efficacy of selection because the evolution of sociality in spiders is accompanied by demographic processes that elevate genetic drift. There may also be positive feedback between pathogen-induced local extinctions and the resulting elevation of genetic drift which further weakens responses to selection by pathogens.</span></p>
Global expansion of a solitary-social tropical spitting spider shaped by multiple long-distance dispersals
<p>The spitting spider Scytodes fusca is well known species complex for its unusual hunting technique which involves spitting a venomous sticky silken substance over its prey. Previous studies supposed that S. fusca was native to Central and Southern America but had been expanded to the tropics of almost every continent. We aimed to test the hypothesis of a Neotropical origin for this spider followed by a secondary dispersal to other regions, and to discuss how population expansion occurred in the tropics was driven. We investigated the population structure and spatiotemporal biogeography of the species complex through a culmination of a 22-year comprehensive global sampling using the mitochondrial and nuclear loci (COI, 16S, 18S, 28S, H3 and ITS2). The S. fusca species complex is divided into two clades. One clade comprises the haplotypes from Australasian regions and a haplotype from Baja Peninsula, Mexico. The other is composed of the haplotypes from all analyzed regions including Asia, Australia, the Americas and Madagascar. The Americas and Madagascar populations exhibit a lower genetic diversity compared with the Australasian population, and both have different population demographic histories. The initial divergence within the species complex started during the early Miocene. Diversifications of both clades occurred during the late Miocene. One haplotype was recently and widely dispersed into Southeast Asia, South Asia, Australia, the Americas and Madagascar. Our results elucidate the global spread history of the S. fusca species complex, suggesting a Malay Archipelago origin, two expansion routes, and its multiple dispersals into the Americas that stem from a common native source population, as well as from Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, or Turks and Caicos bridgeheads. Our data support that the expansion of the S. fusca species complex from Australasia to America and Madagascar was facilitated by long-distance jump dispersal events.</p>
Data from: Trait-specific indirect effects underlie variation in the response of spiders to cannibalistic social partners
<p><span>Organisms may respond in different ways to the risk posed by conspecifics, but the cause of such variation remains elusive. Here, we use a half-sib/full-sib design to evaluate the contribution of (indirect) genetic or environmental effects to the behavioral response of the cannibalistic wolf spider <em>Lycosa</em> <em>fasciiventris</em> (Dufour, 1835) towards conspecific cues. Spiders showed variation in relative </span><span>occupancy time, activity, and velocity on patches with or without conspecific cues, but direct genetic variance was only found for occupancy time. These three traits were correlated and could be lumped in a principal component: spiders spending more time in patches with conspecific cues moved less and at a lower rate in those areas. Genetic and/or environmental components of carapace width and weight loss in the social partner were significantly correlated with the principal component of focal individuals. Individual </span><span>Variation in these traits may reflect the quality and/or quantity of cues produced by social partners, hence focal individuals were likely behaving along a continuum of strategies in response to the risk posed by social partners. Therefore, environmental and genetic trait variation in the social partners may be key to maintain trait diversity in focal individuals, even in the absence of direct genetic variation.</span></p>
Impaired immune function accompanies social evolution in spiders
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Data from: The adaptive function of waste management in a social spider mite
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Data from: Selection for collective aggressiveness favors social susceptibility in social spiders
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Data from: Social interactions shape individual and collective personality in social spiders
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OpenNeuro
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