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20 results for “Social values”
Datasets and R code for: Brood as booty: The effect of colony size and resource value in social insect contests
<p><strong>From the Manuscript: </strong>Animals engage in contests for access to resources like food, mates, and space. Intergroup contests between groups of organisms have received little attention, and it remains unresolved what information groups might use collectively to make contest decisions. We staged whole-colony contests using ant colonies (<em>Temnothorax rugatulus</em>), which perceive conspecific colonies as both a threat and resource from which to steal brood. We recorded individual behaviors and used demographic characteristics as proxies for resource value (number of brood items) and fighting ability (number of workers). We found that ants altered their fighting effort depending on the relative number of workers of their opponent. While the proximate mechanism for this ability remains uncertain, we found that colonies increased fighting when their opponent had relatively more brood, but not if opposing colonies had relatively many more workers. This suggests that ant colonies can use information about opposing colonies that shapes contest strategies. Further, the behavior of opposing colonies were strongly correlated with each other despite colony size differences ranging from 4-51%, consistent with the hypothesis that colonies can use opponent information. The behavior of a distributed, collective system of many individuals, like a eusocial insect colony, thus fits several predictions of contest models designed for individuals if we consider the gain and loss of worker ants analogous to energetic costs accrued during typical dyadic contests.</p>
A Global Social Network Values Dataset
<p>Online social networks enable individuals to present a version of themselves to their immediate social circle and beyond. Those presentations express cultural factors such as an individual's gender, location, political, philosophical, and religious values. However, obtaining such data is often challenging on the aggregate level as it typically involves negotiations with private entities and ownership restrictions. This study presents a dataset of 244,629,979 user accounts from the platform Vkontakte, an online social network collected in June of 2020. Vkontakte is a social media platform similar to Facebook that allows individuals to connect with other users, communicate with them through public and private messages, and create public personas. This dataset can perform cross-national and cross-cultural analyses of online values from a large portion of the world.</p>
Socio-demographic portrait and demographic values of pro-natalists and anti-natalists in Russia: assessment based on data from the social network VKontakte
<p>The dataset contains data from personal profiles of social network users VKontakte - socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, date of birth, marital status, country and city of residence) and indicators of demographic values (“the main thing in life”, attitude to alcohol, attitude to smoking, pronatalist or anti-natalist), as well as a number of other indicators - religious and political beliefs,<br> "the main thing in people." Initially, as a selection criterion, the authors used belonging user to the relevant communities (groups) of the VKontakte social network, sharing different family and reproductive values (to be a parent, to give birth child, start a family or profess the values of childfree philosophy). For example, persons who were members of groups devoted to "childfree" values were assigned the status "anti-natalist". And individuals in groups devoted to issues of childbirth and family values, parenthood, were assigned the status of "pronatalist". For example, groups with the names "GOOD PARENTS" (https://vk.com/club52388302) and "MOM: Development, Family, Children" (https://vk.com/club69716165) are pronatalist, and groups "The TRUTH about Childfree (Childfree)" (https://vk.com/club58565280) and "Overheard Childfree" (https://vk.com/club69265846) - to anti-natalist ones. The authors extracted comments of users of these two types of groups in the social network VKontakte, applying methods of extraction (parsing) of data from social networks using VK API. Organized open access to databases compiled by us from hundreds<br> thousand comments from users of dozens of groups of two types in more than one and a half decades [Kalabikhina &amp; Banin, 2020; Kalabikhina &amp; Banin, 2021]. Further, the authors linked the data of their personal data to users from these groups.<br> questionnaires. At the second stage, the resulting sample was additionally corrected - in it only those persons who filled in the field "The main thing in life" in the personal questionnaire on VKontakte to determine priority values for users with different types of reproductive behavior. Include in the analysis only those users who answered the question from personal questionnaire on VKontakte about what is most important for them in life, allows reduce the risk of "bots" getting into the sample. We believe that in the questionnaires of bots such fields as "The main thing in life", "The main thing in people" will not be filled in, the indication of this<br> information in the personal profile testifies in favor of the fact that the account is really belongs to a real person. At this stage, the sample included 754,315 users. Additionally, we limited the sample according to the age indicated in the questionnaire. We excluded from the sample users who indicated their age of 80 years and older. We we believe that this is an indirect sign by which it is possible to identify accounts with inaccurate information. The final sample after the introduced restrictions was 377,786 people, it includes users of the social network VKontakte, consisting of groups of anti-natalists and pro-natalists who filled in the information section about themselves item "The main thing in life" minus persons who indicated in the questionnaire that they are over 80 years old.</p>
Datasets and R code for: Brood as booty: The effect of colony size and resource value in social insect contests
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Climate Change Adaptation, Social Resilience, and Perceived Values Data from Turkana, Machakos and Narok County, Kenya
<p>This dataset provides socioeconomic and value perception interview data collected from 1,020 individuals living across three counties in Kenya: Turkana, Machakos and Narok. Socioeconomic data were collected on housing, healthcare, water sources, electricity access, experience of extreme weather events, community services and access to information. Value perception data were collected using the user-perceived value (UPV) method - a perception-based surveying approach which requires interviewees to select their most valued household items in different circumstances and explain their choice through 'why'-probing. This is done under different circumstances - here, either in daily life, or in the face of a climate shock. The data are made available with sub-county level geospatial attribution. Together, the socioeconomic and interview data can be used to better understand the views of different communities and demographic groups concerning climate change and extreme weather events across Kenya. They also provide insight as to the intrinsic, social, emotional, epistemic, functional, and indigenous values associated with everyday household items. The data can be used by policymakers to inform development planning and to identify gaps in available infrastructure. Additionally, researchers and development practitioners can use these data to design interventions which reflect the needs and values of communities in Kenya.</p>
Social Value items validation through stakeholder consultation
<p>Stakeholder validation and integration of the list of social impact categories, subcategories and indicators identified in the D6.1</p> <p>This dataset has been used for these two publications:</p> <p>Imbert, E., & Falcone, P. M. (2020). Social Assessment. Transition Towards a Sustainable Biobased Economy, 64, 166</p> <p>Falcone, P. M., González García, S., Imbert, E., Lijó, L., Moreira, M. T., Tani, A., ... & Morone, P. (2019). Transitioning towards the bio‐economy: Assessing the social dimension through a stakeholder lens. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 26(5), 1135-1153.</p>
Data from: The value of oviposition timing, queen presence and kinship in a social insect
Reproductive cooperation confers benefits, but simultaneously creates conflicts among cooperators. Queens in multi-queen colonies of ants share a nest and its resources, but reproductive competition among queens often results in unequal reproduction. Two mutually non-exclusive factors may produce such inequality in reproduction: worker intervention or queen traits. Workers may intervene by favouring some queens over others, owing to either kinship or queen signals. Queens may differ in their intrinsic fecundity at the onset of oviposition or in their timing of the onset of oviposition, leading to their unequal representation in the brood. Here, we test the role of queen kin value (relatedness) to workers, timing of the onset of oviposition and signals of presence by queens in determining the maternity of offspring. We show that queens of the ant Formica fusca gained a significantly higher proportion of sexuals in the brood when ovipositing early, and that the presence of a caged queen resulted in a significant increase in both her share of sexual brood and her overall reproductive share. Moreover, the lower the kin value of the queen, the more the workers invested in their own reproduction by producing males. Our results show that both kinship and breeding phenology influence the outcome of reproductive conflicts, and the balance of direct and indirect fitness benefits in the multi-queen colonies of F. fusca.
Revealing the psychological structure of Pancasila values in social networks
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Predator defense is shaped by risk, brood value and social group benefits in a cooperative breeder
<p><span>Predation is a major cause of mortality and nest failure in birds. Cooperative predator defense can enhance nest success and adult survival, but since it is inherently risky, dynamic risk assessment theory predicts that individuals modify defense behavior according to risk posed by the predator. Parental investment theory on the other hand predicts that reproductive payoffs (brood value) determine investment in nest defense. We propose that in cooperative breeders, fitness benefits deriving from survival of other group members may additionally influence defense behavior (social group benefits theory). We tested predictions of these theories in the cooperatively breeding purple-crowned fairy-wren, <i>Malurus coronatus</i>, where brood value is higher for breeders, but social group benefits more important for helpers. We recorded experimentally-induced individual defense behaviors in response to predator models presented near nests, representing differing levels of threat to nests and adults. As predicted, (i) individuals engaged in less risky defenses when encountering a more dangerous predator (dynamic risk assessment theory); (ii) individuals defended older broods more often, and breeders defended more than helpers (parental investment theory); and (iii) helpers were more likely to respond to a predator of adults (social group benefits theory). Our findings highlight that predator defense in cooperative breeders is complex, shaped by the combination of immediate risk and multiple benefits.</span></p>
Data from: Spatial and temporal dynamics and value of nature-based recreation, estimated via social media
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Predator defense is shaped by risk, brood value and social group benefits in a cooperative breeder
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Data from: The value of oviposition timing, queen presence and kinship in a social insect
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Dataset to study "Social dynamics of values, taboos, and perceived threats around sacred groves in Kurdistan, Iran"
<p>This dataset includes the raw data of a survey of 205 local residents in Kurdistan province, Iran. The "Dataset" sheet presents respondents' socio-demographic characteristics (distance to Baneh city, age group, gender, formal education, traditional lifestyle) and Likert-scale answers (ranging from 1 to 5) on agreement with several statements on values, taboos, and perceived threats around sacred groves in Kurdistan. The full statements are cited in the "Statements" sheet. The complete method is described in: Plieninger, T., Quintas-Soriano, C., Torralba, M., Samani, M.K. & Shakeri, Z. (2020): Social dynamics of values, taboos, and perceived threats around sacred groves in Kurdistan, Iran. People and Nature, in press.</p>
Data from: Gaze-contingent reinforcement learning reveals incentive value of social signals in young children and adults
While numerous studies have demonstrated that infants and adults preferentially orient to social stimuli, it remains unclear as to what drives such preferential orienting. It has been suggested that the learned association between social cues and subsequent reward delivery might shape such social orienting. Using a novel, spontaneous indication of reinforcement learning (with the use of a gaze contingent reward-learning task), we investigated whether children and adults' orienting towards social and non-social visual cues can be elicited by the association between participants' visual attention and a rewarding outcome. Critically, we assessed whether the engaging nature of the social cues influences the process of reinforcement learning. Both children and adults learned to orient more often to the visual cues associated with reward delivery, demonstrating that cue–reward association reinforced visual orienting. More importantly, when the reward-predictive cue was social and engaging, both children and adults learned the cue–reward association faster and more efficiently than when the reward-predictive cue was social but non-engaging. These new findings indicate that social engaging cues have a positive incentive value. This could possibly be because they usually coincide with positive outcomes in real life, which could partly drive the development of social orienting.
FORMATION OF A SYSTEM OF SOCIAL VALUES AMONG FUTURE TEACHERS-EDUCATORS
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL MUSICAL CONSCIOUSNESS AMONG STUDENTS IS A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTOR OF THE FORMATION OF NATIONAL AND PUBLIC VALUE
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Data from: General rules for environmental management to prioritise social-ecological systems research based on a value of information approach
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Data from: Gaze-contingent reinforcement learning reveals incentive value of social signals in young children and adults
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Social Value Training in Toddlers With Elevated Autism Symptoms
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03556826. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data and Code Repository for "Essays on Corporate Social Responsibility - Performance, Risk, and Value"
<p>This repository contains data and code for the cumulative dissertation titled "Essays on Corporate Social Responsibility - Performance, Risk, and Value" at the University of St.Gallen (HSG). The dissertation was submitted in July 2020.</p> <p>The dissertation consists of three essays:</p> <ol> <li>Corporate Social Performance and Earnings Quality: The Role of Materiality<br> (Fauser, Daniel V. (2019) <em>Corporate Social Performance and Earnings Quality: The Role of Materiality.</em> Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, 2019 (02). 127-160. ISSN 0931-0983)</li> <li>Risk Mitigation of Corporate Social Performance in US Class Action Lawsuits<br> (Under review at the Financial Analysts Journal)</li> <li>Corporate Social Irresponsibility and Credit Risk Prediction: A Machine Learning Approach<br> (Under review at the journal Credit and Capital Markets)</li> </ol>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.