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68 results for “Soil ecology”
Characterizing the ecology and soil biogeochemistry of wetland transition zones along the Satilla River Estuary, GA, USA.
The location of salinity gradients in coastal wetlands, from tidal freshwater sourced from riverine inputs to polyhaline sourced from saline ocean water, is subject to natural and unnatural shifts due to climactic patterns such as changes in discharge, sea-level rise (SLR), and alterations to hydrology. Increased inundation in of saltwater in the Satilla River has resulted in conversions of plant communities from fresh or brackish to salt tolerant species that has implications for belowground soil biogeochemistry. These data explore the translation of aboveground properties to soil properties in transitional wetlands in poly-, meso-, and oligohaline regions and across elevation gradients from levee to platform in the Satilla River Estuary, GA by characterizing the ecological communities and soil size fractionation, total organic carbon content (TOC) and composition (delta13C).
Soil Organic Matter Mechanisms of Stabilization (SOMMOS) - enhanced soil characterization data from 40 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites
Soil organic matter (SOM) is a critical linkage among many ecosystem services that sustain our society and life on Earth. It is the primary energy source for microbes and the principal storehouse of water necessary for plant growth. SOM also stores nutrients for plants and sorbs pollutants that otherwise could contaminate food and water supplies. Soils also help regulate climate by storing carbon that would otherwise be released to the atmosphere and contribute to climate change. The SOMMOS project investigated processes in the soil that protect SOM from being decomposed by microbes, processes that increase its sensitivity to environmental changes, and how changes in climate and land management influence the amount and stability of SOM. The project, which was a collaboration between scientists from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), University of Colorado, University of Michigan, Oregon State University, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and the USDA-Forest Service, took advantage of soil samples collected across NEON, a major NSF investment in environmental monitoring that covers the entire United States. This continental-scale soil sample set was analyzed for a wide array of physical and chemical properties, well beyond those typically measured on such a large-scale sample set, including radiocarbon, extractable metals, organic matter chemistry by pyrolysis-GCMS, liquid extract fluorescence spectroscopy, and more. In addition to this dataset, archived samples are available from the project for sharing with interested researchers.
Soil biogeochemical variables collected on the Arctic Long Term Ecological Research (ARC LTER) experimental plots in moist acidic and dry heath tundra, Arctic LTER, Toolik Field Station, Alaska 2017.
**Note: Versions 1 and 2 had the wrong data files.** Soil nutrients (total Carbon and Nitrogen, inorganic nutrients (ammonium ion (NH4), nitrate anion (NO3-), phosphate anion (PO43-)); organic nutrients (extractable organic carbon (EOC), extractable total nitrogen (ETN), extractable organic phosphorus (EOP)), microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme activity on soils sampled from the Arctic LTER Dry Heath (organic soils only) and Moist Acidic Tundra (organic and mineral soils) herbivore exclosures and control plots at Toolik Lake, AK in July 2017.
Ecological soil map NICHE Flanders - Ecologische NICHE bodemkaart Vlaanderen
<p>NL</p> <p><strong>ECOLOGISCHE NICHE BODEMKAART VLAANDEREN</strong></p> <p>De NICHE bodemkaart voor Vlaanderen is een ecologisch getinte vereenvoudigde bodemkaart die als input dient voor het ecohydrologisch model NICHE Vlaanderen (<a href="https://purews.inbo.be/ws/portalfiles/portal/5370206/Callebaut_etal_2007_NicheVlaanderen.pdf">Callebaut et al. 2007</a>). </p> <p>De bodem speelt een belangrijke rol voor standplaatscondities en het voorkomen van plantengemeenschappen. In NICHE Vlaanderen worden zogenaamde ‘ecologische bodemtypes’ gedefinieerd. De bodemkenmerken worden daarbij vereenvoudigd tot een paar ecologisch relevante kenmerken: de korrelgrootte en de aanwezigheid van organische stof, die bepalend zijn voor de vochtcondities, zuurgraad en het trofieniveau in de bodem.</p> <p>De NICHE bodemkaart onderscheidt 12 klassen:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Cijfercode</td> <td>Lettercode</td> <td>Omschrijving</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>K1</td> <td>alluviale kleigronden, arm aan organisch materiaal</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>KV</td> <td>alluviale kleigronden, rijk aan organisch materiaal, venige klei, klei op veen</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Le</td> <td>eolische leemgronden</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>MK</td> <td>maritieme klei</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>P</td> <td>trilveen</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>V</td> <td>veen</td> </tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Z1</td> <td>humusarme zandgronden (dunne humuslaag), podzol</td> </tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Z2</td> <td>humusrijke zandgronden (dikke humuslaag)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>ZV</td> <td>venige zandgronden, moerige zandgronden, zandige veengronden</td> </tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>L1</td> <td>alluviale leemgronden, arm aan organisch materiaal</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>LV</td> <td>alluviale leemgronden, rijk aan organisch materiaal, venige leemgronden</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td> </td> <td>gronden die niet in aanmerking komen voor NICHE Vlaanderen:</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>NG</td> <td>niet gespecifieerd</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>B</td> <td>bebouwde of sterk beïnvloede gronden</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>D</td> <td>droge gronden</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>W</td> <td>open water</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>De NICHE bodemkaart is afgeleid van de digitale bodemkaart van Vlaanderen (Digitale versie van de Bodemkaart van Vlaanderen, uitgave 20/06/2017, Databank Ondergrond Vlaanderen). De stappen om een eenheid van de bodemkaart van Vlaanderen in een NICHE bodemtype om te zetten worden in detail beschreven in het NICHE rapport (Callebaut et al. 2007: hoofdstuk 3 pp 32-45 en bijlage 3.3).</p> <p>Als er terreingegevens beschikbaar zijn, kan er afgeweken worden van deze (NICHE) bodemkaart: hoofdstuk 3.4 van het NICHE rapport (Callebaut et al. 2007) licht toe hoe een NICHE bodemtype toegekend kan worden aan een bodemprofiel op basis van de textuur, de dikte en de opeenvolging van de verschillende horizonten.</p> <p><strong>Formaat</strong></p> <p>Vectoriële geografische informatie ter beschikking gesteld als:</p> <ul> <li>shapefile (.shp, .dbf, .shx) met projectiebeschrijving (.prj), ruimtelijke indexen (.sbn, . sbx), geospatial metadata in XML formaat (.shp.xml) en stijlen (ArcView Layer Format .lyr, Styled Layer Descriptor Format .sld)</li> <li>geopackage (.gpkg) met stijlen (Styled Layer Descriptor Format .sld)</li> </ul> <p>Geografische referentiesysteem: Belge 1972 / Belgian Lambert 72 (<a href="https://epsg.io/31370">EPSG-code 31370</a>)</p> <p>Hoogtereferentiesysteem: Tweede Algemene Waterpassing (<a href="https://www.ngi.be/website/tweede-algemene-waterpassing/">TAW</a>)</p> <p><strong>Attributen</strong></p> <ul> <li>fid- Id NICHE bodemkaart (geopackage)</li> <li>gid- Id digitale bodemkaart 2017</li> <li>Bodemtype- Bodemkaarteenheden volgens het Belgische bodemclassificatiesysteem (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Bodemser_c- Bodemserie bestaande uit 3 letters die staan voor textuur, drainage en profiel (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Bodemserie - Bodemserie: beschrijving voor textuur, drainage en profiel (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Unitype - Bodemkaarteenheden met zeepolders omgezet naar de bodemclassificatie van de rest van Vlaanderen (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Grove_leg - Gegeneraliseerde legende van de bodemkaart (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Substr_V_c - Substraten waarvan de lithologische aard verschilt van die van de oppervlakkige laag (lithologische discontinuiteit) (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Textuur_c - Grondsoort, aard van het moedermateriaal (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Drainage_c - Natuurlijke draineringsklasse, natuurlijke drainage (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Profontw_c - Profielontwikkeling (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Fase_c - Secundaire bodemkenmerken (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Varimoma_c - Variant van het moedermateriaal (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Variprof_c - Variant van de profielontwikkeling (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>Streek - Landbouwstreek (digitale bodemkaart 2017)</li> <li>NICHE_let - Lettercode van het NICHE bodemtype</li> <li>NICHE_cijf - Cijfercode van het NICHE bodemtype</li> </ul> <p><strong>Wijzigingen sinds vorige versie</strong></p> <p>Sinds vorige versie (1.1):</p> <ul> <li>NICHE bodemkaart niet meer gebaseerd op versie 2001 van de bodemkaart, maar op versie 20/06/2017 incl. een update met enkele militaire domeinen (Beverlo, Kleine Brogel, Brasschaat) en met een unibodemtype voor de classificatie van de zeepolders, alsook een verbetering van verschillende fouten.</li> <li>namen van de velden veranderd</li> <li>cijfercode van de NICHE bodemtypes aangepast (2 t.e.m. 15 i.p.v. 20 000 t.e.m. 150 000)</li> <li>enkele verbeteringen van de vertaling tussen bodemtypes en NICHE bodemtypes: <ul> <li>sV, sV(o): ZV (i.p.v. V in v1.1)</li> <li>uvPep: LV (i.p.v. L1 in v1.1)</li> <li>GDa3x: LV (i.p.v. L1 in v1.1)</li> <li>v-Zdpb(z): Z1 (i.p.v. ZV in v1.1)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Disclaimer</strong></p> <p>Deze kaart geeft de best beschikbare informatie maar is een vereenvoudiging van de werkelijkheid op terrein. Ten allen tijde geldt de reële situatie op terrein voor toepassing t.b.v. het beleidsmatig en wettelijk kader.</p> <p>EN</p> <p><strong>ECOLOGICAL SOIL MAP NICHE FLANDERS</strong></p> <p>The NICHE soil map for Flanders is an ecologically tinted simplified soil map that serves as input for the ecohydrological model NICHE Flanders (<a href="https://purews.inbo.be/ws/portalfiles/portal/5370206/Callebaut_etal_2007_NicheVlaanderen.pdf">Callebaut et al. 2007</a>).</p> <p>Soil plays an important role for habitat conditions and the occurrence of plant communities. In NICHE Flanders, so-called 'ecological soil types' are defined. The soil characteristics are thereby simplified to a few ecologically relevant characteristics: the grain size and the presence of organic matter, which determine the moisture conditions, acidity and the trophy level in the soil.</p> <p>The NICHE soil map distinguishes 12 classes:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Numerical code</td> <td>Letter code</td> <td>Description</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>K1</td> <td>alluvial clay soils, poor in organic matter</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>KV</td> <td>alluvial clay soils, rich in organic matter, peaty clay, clay on peat</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Le</td> <td>aeolian loamy soils</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>MK</td> <td>maritime clay</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>P</td> <td>quaking bog</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>V</td> <td>peat</td> </tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>Z1</td> <td>humus-poor sandy soils (thin humus layer), podzol</td> </tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td>Z2</td> <td>humus-rich sandy soils (thick humus layer)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>ZV</td> <td>peaty sandy soils, swampy sandy soils, sandy peat soils</td> </tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td>L1</td> <td>alluvial loamy soils, poor in organic matter</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>LV</td> <td>alluvial loamy soils, rich in organic matter, peaty loams</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td> </td> <td>grounds that do not qualify for NICHE Flanders:</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>NG</td> <td>not specified</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>B</td> <td>built-up or heavily influenced soils</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>D</td> <td>dry soils</td> </tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>W</td> <td>open water</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>The NICHE soil map is derived from the digital soil map of Flanders (Digital version of the Soil map of Flanders, published on 20/06/2017, Database of the Subsoil in Flanders/Databank Ondergrond Vlaanderen). The steps to convert a unit of the soil map of Flanders into a NICHE soil type are described in detail in the NICHE report (Callebaut et al. 2007: chapter 3 pp 32-45 and appendix 3.3).</p> <p>If field data is available, it is possible to deviate from this (NICHE) soil map: chapter 3.4 of the NICHE report (Callebaut et al. 2007) explains how a NICHE soil type can be assigned to an observed soil profile based on the texture, the thickness and the succession of the different horizons.</p> <p><strong>Format</strong></p> <p>Vectorial geographic information provided as:</p> <ul> <li>shapefile (.shp, .dbf, .shx) with a description of the projection (.prj), spatial indexes (.sbn, .sbx), geospatial metadata in XML format (.shp.xml) and styles (ArcView Layer Format .lyr, Styled Layer Descriptor Format .sld)</li> <li>geopackage (.gpkg) with styles (Styled Layer Descriptor Format .sld)</li> </ul> <p>Geographical reference system: Belge 1972 / Belgian Lambert 72 (<a href="https://epsg.io/31370">EPSG code 31370</a>)</p> <p>Elevation Reference System: Second General Leveling (<a href="https://www.ngi.be/website/tweede-algemene-waterpassing/">Tweede Algemene Waterpassing - TAW</a>)</p> <p><strong>Attributes</strong></p> <ul> <li>fid - Id NICHE soil map (geopackage)</li> <li>gid - Id digital soil map 2017</li> <li>Bodemtype - Soil map units according to the Belgian soil classification system (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Bodemser_c - Core soil series: soil series consisting of 3 letters that stand for texture, drainage and profile (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Bodemserie - Core soil series: description for texture, drainage and profile (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Unitype - Soil map units with sea polders converted to the soil classification of the rest of Flanders (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Grove_leg - Generalized legend of the soil map (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Substr_V_c - Substrates whose lithological nature differs from that of the superficial layer (lithological discontinuity) (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Textuur_c - Soil type, nature of the parent material (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Drainage_c - Natural drainage class, natural drainage (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Profontw_c - Profile development (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Fase_c - Secondary soil features (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Varimoma_c - Variant of the parent material (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Variprof_c - Variant of the profile development (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>Streek - Agricultural region (digital soil map 2017)</li> <li>NICHE_let - Letter code of the NICHE soil type</li> <li>NICHE_cijf - Numerical code of the NICHE soil type</li> </ul> <p><strong>Changes since previous version</strong></p> <p>Since previous version (1.1):</p> <ul> <li>NICHE soil map no longer based on version 2001 of the soil map, but on version 20/06/2017, including an update with some military domains (Beverlo, Kleine Brogel, Brasschaat) and with a uni-soil type for the classification of the sea polders, as well as the correction of various errors.</li> <li>names of the fields changed</li> <li>numerical code of the NICHE soil types changed (2-15 instead of 20 000-150 000)</li> <li>a few improvements to the translation between soil types and NICHE soil types: <ul> <li>sV, sV(o): ZV (instead of V in v1.1)</li> <li>uvPep: LV (instead of L1 in v1.1)</li> <li>GDa3x: LV (instead of L1 in v1.1)</li> <li>v-Zdpb(z): Z1 (instead of ZV in v1.1)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Disclaimer</strong></p> <p>This map provides the best available information but is a simplification of the reality on the field. The real situation on the field prevails at all times over the NICHE soil map for all policy and legal applications.</p>
Lignin, litter, and soil carbon decomposition from soil samples collected from 20 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites in 2019
These data support the findings of a manuscript by Huang et al. (2023) published in Nature Communications (doi pending). We used incubations of soil and stable isotope measurements to measure lignin, litter, and SOC decomposition over an 18-month lab incubation and assessed their relationships with geochemical, microbial, N-related and climatic factors across 156 mineral soils collected from 20 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites, which span broad biophysical gradients (climate, soil, and vegetation type) across North America. The soils were collected in 2019. Lignin decomposition and biogeochemical variables were also measured in an approximately 12-month field incubation.
Ecological memory effects on plants and soils in early post-fire steppe, Barton Ecological Research Area, Pocatello, Idaho, 2021
In many regions of the world, wildfires are becoming more frequent due to the invasion of exotic grasses that are highly flammable and often replace native plants as burned landscapes regrow. To prevent invasive species from dominating post-burn landscapes, land managers are increasingly applying seeds of native plants to suppress invasive plants and encourage ecosystem recovery. However, there is still much to learn about the ability of seeded species to establish and suppress flammable invaders. It is also unclear how previous human-caused landscape changes, such as nitrogen pollution or the removal of shrubs (a common practice in western USA rangelands), affect the success of native seed additions and plant recovery from fire. This study addresses these issues by building on a long-term experiment investigating the legacy effects of past nitrogen pollution and shrub removal in a highly invaded sagebrush steppe ecosystem at Idaho State University’s Barton Ecological Research Area in Pocatello, ID. This experiment burned in a wildfire in August, 2020, providing a unique opportunity to evaluate how a history of nitrogen pollution and shrub removal influences plant recovery from wildfire. We developed three native seed mixes intended to suppress invasive plants, particularly flammable annual grasses, and in April, 2021, we sowed the experimental mixes into research plots within the original experiment. To measure the initial effects of the experimental seed additions and the legacy effects of previous nitrogen pollution and shrub removal, we collected the data provided here during the summer of 2021, the first growing season following the wildfire. We established 240 monitoring quadrats (1 m²) within the original experiment, dividing the quadrats between areas where shrubs had formerly been (evidenced by stumps) and intershrub areas. At a microhabitat scale, the presence of shrubs alters soil properties and can create legacy effects after shrub death, and we were int
Soil Sampling at the Cienega Springs Ecological Reserve, Santa Clara River Watershed, CA 2020
Soil samples were collected throughout the 283-acre Cienega Springs Ecological Reserve to plan an Arundo donax removal and restoration project. Data on soil characteristics were used to model habitat suitability and plant species selection for revegetation efforts.
Continuous soil temperature measurements at 10 cm depth from 3 month-long deployments in summer and winter within the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (GCE-LTER) site in 2017 and 2018
To understand the influence of marsh elevation and flooding on soil temperature in Spartina alterniflora marsh, we measured soil temperature at 10 cm depth along two transects that spanned a marsh edge to interior gradient. We then associated those measurements with elevation, creek water height and vegetation characteristics. Soil temperature was logged every 15 min with a Hobo Onset Tidbit Pendant Temperature probe in Spartina alterniflora-dominated marsh near the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (GCE-LTER) eddy covariance flux tower. Measurements were collected along two transects of approximately 250 m in length from 18 plots (transect 1) or 20 plots (transect 2) and over 3 sample deployments of approximately 1 month in length: 27 Jul – 31 Aug 2017 (transect 1), 8 Jan – 13 Feb 2018 (transect 1) and 23 Aug – 18 Sep 2018 (transect 2). Plot elevations along each transect were measured with a Trimble R6 RTK after probes were installed in the marsh. Creek water heights were estimated with the pressure transducer associated with the GCE-LTER eddy covariance flux tower data. Spartina alterniflora height forms were measured for each sample station during August as the mean of all stem heights within 0.25 m quadrants centered over each soil probe location. While these data are 24 hr soil temperature measurements, during all three deployments, we found that daily mean soil temperature was negatively correlated with marsh elevation on the marsh platform during low tide conditions, which represented the majority of the observations.
Quantity and composition of POM and MAOM in 156 soil samples collected from 20 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites in 2019
While it is generally assumed that particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral associated organic matter (MAOM) have distinct biogeochemical characteristics, it remains unresolved where and why POM and MAOM differ in their composition and relationships to total SOM decomposition among heterogenous soils. To address these questions, we analyzed elemental, isotopic, and chemical composition, including diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectra, of POM and MAOM in 156 soil samples collected from 20 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) sites spanning diverse ecosystems (tundra to tropics) across North America in 2019. We used a classic size separation method for POM (53–2000 µm) and MAOM (< 53 µm) following chemical dispersion.
Data from: Long-term cattle grazing shifts the ecological state of forest soils
<p><span>Cattle grazing profoundly affects abiotic and biotic characteristics of ecosystems. While most research has been performed on grasslands, the effect of large managed ungulates on forest ecosystems has largely been neglected.</span></p> <p><span>Compared to a baseline semi-natural state, we investigated how long-term cattle grazing of birch forest patches affected the abiotic state and the ecological community (microbes and invertebrates) of the soil subsystem.</span></p> <p><span>Grazing strongly modified the soil abiotic environment by increasing phosphorus content, pH and bulk density, while reducing the C:N ratio. The reduced C:N-ratio was strongly associated with a lower microbial biomass, mainly caused by a reduction of fungal biomass. This was linked to a decrease in fungivorous nematode abundance and the nematode channel index, indicating </span><span>a relative </span><span>uplift in the importance of the bacterial energy-channel in the nematode assemblages. </span></p> <p><span>Cattle grazing highly modified invertebrate community composition producing distinct assemblages from the semi-natural situation. Richness and abundance of microarthropods was consistently reduced by grazing (excepting collembolan richness) and grazing-associated changes in soil pH, Olsen P and reduced soil pore volume (bulk density) limiting niche space and refuge from physical disturbance. Anecic earthworm species predominated in grazed patches, but were absent from ungrazed forest, and may benefit from manure inputs, while their deep vertical burrowing behaviour protects them from physical disturbance.</span></p> <p><span>Perturbation of birch forest habitat by long-term ungulate grazing profoundly modified soil biodiversity, either </span><span>directly through increased physical disturbance and manure input or indirectly by modifying soil abiotic conditions.</span><span> Comparative analyses revealed the ecosystem engineering potential of large ungulate grazers in forest systems through major shifts in the composition and structure of microbial and invertebrate assemblages, including the potential for reduced energy flow through the fungal decomposition pathway. The precise consequences for species trophic interactions and biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships remains to be established, however. </span></p>
Data from: Treated like dirt: Robust forensic and ecological inferences from soil eDNA after challenging sample storage
<p>We investigated the effect of storage duration and conditions on the assessment of the soil biota with eDNA metabarcoding. We extracted eDNA from freshly collected soil samples and again from the same samples after storage under contrasting temperature conditions and contrasting exposure (open/closed tubes). We used four different primer sets targeting bacteria, fungi, protists (cercozoans), and general eukaryotes. <span>W</span>e quantified differences in richness, evenness, and community composition. Subsequently, we tested whether we could correctly infer habitat type and original sample identity after storage using a large reference dataset.</p> <p>This repository contains the un-demultiplexed fastq sequences.</p>
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 01 frontiersin.org Why grazing and soil matter for dry grassland diversity: New insights from multigroup structural equation modeling of micro-patterns
<p>Grazing is recognized as a major process driving the composition of plant<br> communities in grasslands, mostly due to the heterogeneous removal of<br> plant species and soil compaction that results in a mosaic of small patches<br> called micro-patterns. To date, no study has investigated the differences in<br> composition and functioning among these micro-patterns in grasslands in<br> relation to grazing and soil environmental variables at the micro-local scale.<br> In this study, we ask (1) To what extent are micro-patterns different from each<br> other in terms of species composition, species richness, vegetation volume,<br> evenness, and functioning? and (2) based on multigroup structural equation<br> modeling, are those differences directly or indirectly driven by grazing and soil<br> characteristics? We focused on three micro-patterns of the Mediterranean dry<br> grassland of the Crau area, a protected area traditionally grazed in the South-<br> East of France. From 70 plant community relevés carried out in three micro-<br> patterns located in four sites with different soil and grazing characteristics,<br> we performed univariate, multivariate analyses and applied structural equation<br> modeling for the first time to this type of data. Our results show evidence<br> of clear differences among micro-pattern patches in terms of species<br> composition, vegetation volume, species richness, evenness, and functioning<br> at the micro-local scale. These differences are maintained not only by direct<br> and indirect effects of grazing but also by several soil variables such as fine<br> granulometry. Biological crusts appeared mostly driven by these soil variables,<br> whereas reference and edge communities are mostly the result of different<br> levels of grazing pressure revealing three distinct functioning specific to each<br> micro-pattern, all of them coexisting at the micro-local scale in the studied<br> Mediterranean dry grassland. This first overview of the multiple effects of<br> grazing and soil characteristics on communities in micro-patterns is discussed<br> within the scope of the conservation of dry grasslands plant diversity.</p>
Figure 1 in Unearthing soil ecological observations
Figure 1. Analyses expected to be done across all soil sampling sites in Soil BON, being related to soil-specific essential biodiversity variables (Guerra et al. 2021). More analyses can be added through strategic partnerships in the future.
Fig. 4 in Ecology of Soil Eumycetozoans Review paper
Fig. 4. Fruiting bodies of Hemitrichia calyculata (Speg.) M. L. Farr (photo by Kim Fleming). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.
Data from: Soil microbes influence the ecology and evolution of plant plasticity
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Data from: Treated like dirt: Robust forensic and ecological inferences from soil eDNA after challenging sample storage
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Data from: Long-term cattle grazing shifts the ecological state of forest soils
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Data and R code for “Tree regeneration response to a shifting soil nutrient economy depends on mycorrhizal association and age”, Forest Ecology and Management, 2022
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has led to an increase in N cycling and N availability. This increase in inorganic N is likely to impact forest ecosystems, although the responses remain uncertain. Most tree species are associated with one of two mycorrhiza types – arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) or ectomycorrhiza (ECM). Due to functional differences in their ability to access soil nutrients, we might expect that increased N cycling and availability of inorganic N would benefit AM associated species, with negative or neutral impact for ECM associated species. This study addresses how the abundance of the regeneration layer responds to those shifting soil conditions, based on their mycorrhizal association. We used a long-term experiment located in a temperate deciduous forest, where the native acidic soils are low in nutrients. Soil treatments began in 2009, by adding lime and/or phosphate to raise pH and increase the availability of N and P. All trees ≥ 6.0 cm in 2010 were tagged and have been monitored with annual censuses. To quantity the density of the regeneration layer, seedlings and saplings were recorded in the control and limed plots in 2019. Trees that had recruited into the canopy (DBH ≥ 6.0 cm) were measured in 2020 in all treatment plots. Seedlings older than one year responded to the treatments as predicted, as AM seedlings increased by 42% in the lime treatment (1.53 ± 0.38 individuals per m2 in control, to 2.17 ± 0.56 in lime) and ECM seedlings decreased by 49% in response to liming (0.61 ± 0.14 individuals per m2 in control, to 0.31 ± 0.04 in lime). AM saplings also responded positively to liming, increasing 254% from control to lime (from 0.013 ± 0.003 to 0.046 ± 0.018 individuals per m2), while ECM sapling abundance was neutral (0.063 ± 0.015 individuals per m2 in control, and 0.054 ± 0.009 in lime). The highest number of ECM recruits was found in the control plots (34.4%), followed by phosphate (25.8%), lime + phosphate (21.5%), then lime (18.3%).
Ecological Survey of Central Arizona: soil chemistry and soil properties in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area and surrounding Sonoran desert, survey year 2000
The Ecological Survey of Central Arizona (ESCA) is an extensive field survey and integrated inventory designed to capture key ecological indicators of the CAP LTER study area consisting of the urbanized, suburbanized, and agricultural areas of metropolitan Phoenix, and the surrounding Sonoran desert. The survey is conducted every five years at approximately 200 sample plots (30m x 30m) that were located randomly using a tessellation-stratified dual-density sampling design. Study plots cover habitats throughout the CAP LTER study area ranging from native Sonoran desert sites to residential yards to an airport tarmac. Measurements include an inventory of all plants (identified to the lowest possible taxonomic unit, typically species), plant biovolume, soil coring for physicochemical properties, arthropod sweep-net sampling, photo documentation, and a visual survey of site and area characteristics. The objectives of the survey are to (1) characterize patches in terms of key biotic, physical, and chemical variables, and (2) examine relationships among land use, general plant diversity, native plant diversity, plant biovolume, soil nutrient status, and social-economic indices along an indirect urban gradient. This data set focuses specifically on soil chemistry and soil properties assessed during the 2000 survey year. Investigators interested in soil data from more recent surveys or other measured variables should search the data catalog for 'ecological survey of central arizona' or 'survey 200' to locate those and other data related to the CAP LTER's ESCA.
Environmental, molecular, and life history data associated with ecological and evolutionary nematode responses to soil phosphorus availability, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Elemental stoichiometry is a useful theoretical framework for understanding the sources and controls on nutrient availability that can structure the composition, diversity, and life history of biotic communities. One such relationship, as postulated by the growth rate hypothesis (GRH), is that organismal development rate is positively linked to cellular phosphorus (P). To test the GRH as part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program, we examined the effects of phosphorus (P) availability both in situ and in vitro, on the evolution of growth and development of free-living soil nematodes (primarily Plectus murrayi) that occur in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. During the 2008-2009 austral summer, we collected soils from two glacial till sequences, the Ross Sea till and Taylor II till, occurring in the Lake Fryxell and Lake Bonney basins, respectively, of Taylor Valley. Through a variety of subsequent analyses, we generated the environmental, molecular, and life history trait data contained herein. In addition, this package contains body size and biomass data for nematodes isolated from soil samples collected during the 1999-2000 and 2004-2005 austral summers.
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