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17 results for “Soil regeneration”
Tree regeneration after fire: Yukon Lodgepole Pine Surveys, mineral soil analysis
This dataset documents pre- and post-fire tree composition of stands along the current range edge of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia) in the Yukon Territory. The objective of the study was to evaluate whether pine populations at the range edge appear to be expanding in association with fire disturbance. This dataset has been published as: Jill F. Johnstone and F. Stuart Chapin, 2003. Non-equilibrium succession dynamics indicate continued northern migration of lodgepole pine. Global Change Biology, 9(10): 1401-1409.
Tree regeneration after fire: Yukon Lodgepole Pine Surveys, organic soil analysis
This dataset documents pre- and post-fire tree composition of stands along the current range edge of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia) in the Yukon Territory. The objective of the study was to evaluate whether pine populations at the range edge appear to be expanding in association with fire disturbance. This dataset has been published as: Jill F. Johnstone and F. Stuart Chapin, 2003. Non-equilibrium succession dynamics indicate continued northern migration of lodgepole pine. Global Change Biology, 9(10): 1401-1409. Contains measurements of organic soil depth sampled along transects.
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, CPCRW soil analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains more detailed data on organic soil measurements for the site at CPCRW. Data are included from 3 measurement dates: 4 August 2000 (org. depth and pH) 23 July 2001 (org. depth, soil wet and dry weights, pH) 16 July 2002 (org. depth, sample volume, soil wet and dry weights) Dry weights were obtained following drying in an oven for 48 hourse at 40-60 degrees C.
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, Delta soil analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains more detailed data from organic and mineral soil measurements made in the Delta 99 burn. Note that the file format differs from the CPCRW soil datafile. Information on warming manipulation plots at the Delta site are included here. Measurements of soil organic layer depth, wet weight, dry weight, %moisture, and pH are included for 4 sample dates. Some data are available only for one or two sample dates. Samples were taken with a 5-cm hand corer, except in 2001, where a 2-cm diameter corer was used. The sample dates are: 1 August 2000 17 July 2001 11 July 2002 17 July 2002
Data and R code for “Tree regeneration response to a shifting soil nutrient economy depends on mycorrhizal association and age”, Forest Ecology and Management, 2022
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has led to an increase in N cycling and N availability. This increase in inorganic N is likely to impact forest ecosystems, although the responses remain uncertain. Most tree species are associated with one of two mycorrhiza types – arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) or ectomycorrhiza (ECM). Due to functional differences in their ability to access soil nutrients, we might expect that increased N cycling and availability of inorganic N would benefit AM associated species, with negative or neutral impact for ECM associated species. This study addresses how the abundance of the regeneration layer responds to those shifting soil conditions, based on their mycorrhizal association. We used a long-term experiment located in a temperate deciduous forest, where the native acidic soils are low in nutrients. Soil treatments began in 2009, by adding lime and/or phosphate to raise pH and increase the availability of N and P. All trees ≥ 6.0 cm in 2010 were tagged and have been monitored with annual censuses. To quantity the density of the regeneration layer, seedlings and saplings were recorded in the control and limed plots in 2019. Trees that had recruited into the canopy (DBH ≥ 6.0 cm) were measured in 2020 in all treatment plots. Seedlings older than one year responded to the treatments as predicted, as AM seedlings increased by 42% in the lime treatment (1.53 ± 0.38 individuals per m2 in control, to 2.17 ± 0.56 in lime) and ECM seedlings decreased by 49% in response to liming (0.61 ± 0.14 individuals per m2 in control, to 0.31 ± 0.04 in lime). AM saplings also responded positively to liming, increasing 254% from control to lime (from 0.013 ± 0.003 to 0.046 ± 0.018 individuals per m2), while ECM sapling abundance was neutral (0.063 ± 0.015 individuals per m2 in control, and 0.054 ± 0.009 in lime). The highest number of ECM recruits was found in the control plots (34.4%), followed by phosphate (25.8%), lime + phosphate (21.5%), then lime (18.3%).
Tree regeneration after fire: Delta 1994 burn surveys, thickness of different soil layers
Data for this study were collected in 2001 and 2002 by Jill Johnstone (University of Alaska Fairbanks) and Eric Kasischke (University of Maryland). Sites were located within the perimeter of the 1994 burn southeast of Delta Junction Alaska, USA, bordering the Alaska Highway to the North and the Gerstle River to the West. Sites were selected from satellite classifications prepared by Eric Kasischke to represent different levels of burn severity and post-fire vegetation canopy greenness (NDVI). Site selection was constrained by road access, and only areas where all trees had been killed by the fire were selected. At each site, a central point was located in an area of visually homogeneous vegetation. Five parallel transects, each 50 m long, were laid out as follows: 1) the first transect started at the central point and followed a randomly-selected compass direction, 2) two additional transects were established parallel to the first, but at a random distance from the central transect up to 25 m distant. Vegetation was sampled in a 2-m wide belt centered on each transect, and soil samples were made at intervals along the transect line. Vegetation measurements included: a) basal diameters of all pre-fire trees greater than 1.3 m in height, b) counts of all post-fire tree seedlings, and c) basal diameters of tree seedlings and willows, measured in a randomly chosen 5x2 m portion of each transect. General notes were made on visual percent cover of different vegetation growth forms at the site. Destructive measurements of tree seedlings and willows made in 2001 were used to develop allometric equations to predict dry biomass from basal diameter. Measurements of soil organic layer depth were made at 5 m intervals with the use of a spade to excavate small chunks of sod. At one randomly-selected sample point per transect, a 10x10 cm sample of the organic layer was collected for bulk density measurements. Bulk density samples were dried in a 60degC oven for 48 hours and then w
Tree regeneration after fire: Delta 1994 burn surveys, Data from one soil sample/transect to obtain bulk density.
Data for this study were collected in 2001 and 2002 by Jill Johnstone (University of Alaska Fairbanks) and Eric Kasischke (University of Maryland). Sites were located within the perimeter of the 1994 burn southeast of Delta Junction Alaska, USA, bordering the Alaska Highway to the North and the Gerstle River to the West. Sites were selected from satellite classifications prepared by Eric Kasischke to represent different levels of burn severity and post-fire vegetation canopy greenness (NDVI). Site selection was constrained by road access, and only areas where all trees had been killed by the fire were selected. At each site, a central point was located in an area of visually homogeneous vegetation. Five parallel transects, each 50 m long, were laid out as follows: 1) the first transect started at the central point and followed a randomly-selected compass direction, 2) two additional transects were established parallel to the first, but at a random distance from the central transect up to 25 m distant. Vegetation was sampled in a 2-m wide belt centered on each transect, and soil samples were made at intervals along the transect line. Vegetation measurements included: a) basal diameters of all pre-fire trees greater than 1.3 m in height, b) counts of all post-fire tree seedlings, and c) basal diameters of tree seedlings and willows, measured in a randomly chosen 5x2 m portion of each transect. General notes were made on visual percent cover of different vegetation growth forms at the site. Destructive measurements of tree seedlings and willows made in 2001 were used to develop allometric equations to predict dry biomass from basal diameter. Measurements of soil organic layer depth were made at 5 m intervals with the use of a spade to excavate small chunks of sod. At one randomly-selected sample point per transect, a 10x10 cm sample of the organic layer was collected for bulk density measurements. Bulk density samples were dried in a 60degC oven for 48 hours and then w
Aboveground net primary productivity in regenerating seasonally dry tropical forest: contributions of rainfall, forest age, and soil
<p>Identifying factors controlling forest productivity is critical to understanding forest-climate change feedbacks, modeling vegetation dynamics, and carbon finance schemes. However, little research has focused on productivity in regenerating tropical forest which are expanding in their fraction of global area have an order of magnitude larger carbon uptake rates relative to older forest.</p> <p>We examined aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and its components (wood production and litterfall) over ten years in forest plots that vary in successional age, soil characteristics, and species composition using band dendrometers and litterfall traps in regenerating seasonally dry tropical forests in northwestern Costa Rica.</p> <p>We show that the components of ANPP are differentially driven by age and annual rainfall and that local soil variation is important. Total ANPP was explained by a combination of age, annual rainfall, and soil variation. Wood production comprised 35% of ANPP on average across sites and years, and was explained by annual rainfall but not forest age. Conversely, litterfall increased with forest age and soil fertility yet was not affected by annual rainfall. In this region, edaphic variability is highly correlated with plant community composition. Thus, variation in ecosystem processes explained by soil may also be partially explained by species composition.</p> <p>These results suggest that future changes in annual rainfall can alter the secondary forest carbon sink, but that this effect will be buffered by the litterfall flux which varies little among years. In determining the long-term strength of the secondary forest carbon sink, both rainfall and forest age will be critical variables to track. We also conclude that a detailed understanding of local site variation in soils and plant communities may be required to accurately predict the impact of changing rainfall on forest carbon uptake.</p> <p>Synthesis We show that in seasonally dry tropical forests, annual rainfall has a positive relationship with the growth of aboveground woody tissues of trees and that droughts lead to significant reductions in aboveground productivity. These results provide evidence for climate change – carbon cycle feedbacks in the seasonal tropics and highlight the value of longitudinal data on forest regeneration.</p>
Aboveground net primary productivity in regenerating seasonally dry tropical forest: contributions of rainfall, forest age, and soil
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Complex interactions of deer herbivory, soil chemistry, and competing vegetation explain oak-hickory forest tree regeneration in central Pennsylvania, USA
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Data from: Scale-dependent variation in nitrogen cycling and soil fungal communities along gradients of forest composition and age in regenerating tropical dry forests
Rates of ecosystem nitrogen (N) cycling may be mediated by the presence of ectomycorrhizal fungi, which compete directly with free‐living microbes for N. In the regenerating tropical dry forests of Central America, the distribution of ectomycorrhizal trees is affected by succession and soil parent material, both of which may exert independent influence over soil N fluxes. In order to quantify these interacting controls, we used a scale‐explicit sampling strategy to examine soil N cycling at scales ranging from the microsite to ecosystem level. We measured fungal community composition, total and inorganic N pools, gross proteolytic rate, net N mineralization and microbial extracellular enzyme activity at multiple locations within 18 permanent plots that span dramatic gradients of soil N concentration, stand age and forest composition. The ratio of inorganic to organic N cycling was correlated with variation in fungal community structure, consistent with a strong influence of ectomycorrhiza on ecosystem‐scale N cycling. However, on average, > 61% of the variation in soil biogeochemistry occurred within plots, and the effects of forest composition were mediated by this local‐scale heterogeneity in total soil N concentrations. These cross‐scale interactions demonstrate the importance of a spatially explicit approach towards an understanding of controls on element cycling.
Long-term Spartina alterniflora invasion simplified soil seed bank and regenerated community in a coastal marsh wetland
<p><span>The coastal wetland is easily invaded by alien species due to its location in the land and sea transitional area. As a potential driving regeneration force, the soil seed bank is vital to community restoration and species diversity protection. To reveal the long-term <em>S</em>. <em>alterniflora</em> invasion impact on the soil seed banks and regenerated communities, we investigated the seed banks under the different vegetation types (<em>S</em>. <em>alterniflora</em>, <em>Phragmites</em> <em>australis</em>, <em>Scirpus</em> <em>mariquete</em>, ruderal and unvegetated site) and soil depths (0–5 cm and 5–10 cm) in the Chongming island coastal salt marsh wetland. The results showed that the soil seed bank richness and species density under different vegetation types were higher than aboveground vegetation, and those of 0–5 cm seed banks were higher than 5–10 cm, except for the unvegetated site. The species richness and the <em>S</em>. <em>alterniflora</em> seed proportion in the seed banks under the <em>S</em>. <em>alterniflora</em> communities (</span><span>S.AS</span><span>) were lower and larger, respectively, than other sites. The species composition between </span><span>S.AS</span><span> and the aboveground communities showed high similarity with aggregation phylogenetic structures in two soil depths. The seed bank variations at 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm depths were interpreted 3.03% and 2.25% by aboveground communities, <span>while</span> 4.92% and 5.55% were interpreted by soil microbial biomass. </span><span>The SEM model explained 98.1% and 91.8% of the seed banks' richness at the 0–5 cm depth and 5–10 cm depth, respectively, and explained 98.8% and 46.1% of the seed banks' species density at the 0–5 cm depth and 5–10 cm depth, respectively. </span><span>The aboveground vegetation biomass and abundance directly affected the 0–5 cm seed banks' richness and species density, while its height and biomass only affected the 5–10 cm seed banks' species density. The microbial biomass of the 0–10 cm soil depth indirectly affected the richness and species density of the 0-5 cm seed bank, and only affected the richness of the 5–10 cm seed bank. Soil physical and chemical properties only indirectly affected the 0–5 cm seed banks' species density.</span><span> The results provided a reference for the ecological evaluation of the impacts of <em>S</em>. <em>alterniflora</em> invasion into the coastal salt marsh wetland of eastern China and guidance for the protection and restoration of the native plant communities.</span></p>
Data from: Scale-dependent variation in nitrogen cycling and soil fungal communities along gradients of forest composition and age in regenerating tropical dry forests
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Long-term Spartina alterniflora invasion simplified soil seed bank and regenerated community in a coastal marsh wetland
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Data from: Soil-mediated filtering organizes tree assemblages in regenerating tropical forests
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Tree regeneration after fire: Aspen removal experiment, soil moisture analysis 2002
This research was intended to address the general question of whether asexual stem regeneration of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) reduces rates of establishment and growth of potential invading conifer species during the initial years following fire. Interactions between aspen and conifers were studied under natural conditions in a burned aspen stand with a high potential for aspen re-sprouting. The study contributes to our understanding of whether competitive interactions between tree seedlings are likely to help maintain deciduous stands across disturbance cycles by reducing the potential for successful conifer establishment. Data are soil moisture from treatment and control plots measured from a single soil core from each plot sampled on 12 July 2002.
Tree regeneration after fire: Aspen removal experiment, soil moisture and pH 2001
This research was intended to address the general question of whether asexual stem regeneration of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) reduces rates of establishment and growth of potential invading conifer species during the initial years following fire. Interactions between aspen and conifers were studied under natural conditions in a burned aspen stand with a high potential for aspen re-sprouting. The study contributes to our understanding of whether competitive interactions between tree seedlings are likely to help maintain deciduous stands across disturbance cycles by reducing the potential for successful conifer establishment. Data from soil samples collected with a hand corer (one sample/plot) on 20 July 2001. Wet and dry measurements were made for moisture calculations and pH was measured using an electronic probe submersed in a distilled water/soil slurry.
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