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69 results for “Species Colonization”
Fig. 1 in Unearthing the species diversity of a cryptozoic snake, Tantilla melanocephala, in its northern distribution with emphasis on the colonization of the Lesser Antilles
Fig. 1. (A) Tantilla melanocephala sample localities for this study (red circles) in the northern region of its distribution. (B) The distribution of Tantilla melanocephala in the Neotropics. Locality data are from VertNet and the GBIF databases, as well as the literature (Nogueira et al. 2019). Within the Lesser Antilles, Union Island and the Mustique islands are not shown. Red circles are T. melanocephala localities included in the phylogenetic analyses. The map suggests this species inhabits several different biomes.
Fig. 4 in Unearthing the species diversity of a cryptozoic snake, Tantilla melanocephala, in its northern distribution with emphasis on the colonization of the Lesser Antilles
Fig. 4. Bayesian time tree as inferred by BEAST for the data set of concatenated 12S and 16S rDNA, cytb, and c-mos sequences from Tantilla specimens (in red). Red values by nodes denote the median time estimates, whereas values in brackets denote 95% Highest Posterior Density ranges. Red and black nodes are posterior probabilities (1.00 and> 95–99%), respectively. Photo by J.C. Murphy.
Fig. 3 in Unearthing the species diversity of a cryptozoic snake, Tantilla melanocephala, in its northern distribution with emphasis on the colonization of the Lesser Antilles
Fig. 3. Best Maximum Likelihood tree based on the data set of concatenated 12S and 16S rDNA, cytb, and c-mos sequences. Red clade depicts the genus Tantilla. Values on the left and right sides of a slash (/), are the values indicated at nodes of Maximum Likelihood bootstraps (>70%) and Bayesian Posterior probability values (>95%), respectively. The Tantilla melanocephala pictured is from the western versant of the Occidental slopes in Ecuador (from the Rio Manduriacu Reserve). Photo by R. Maynard.
Fig. 2 in Unearthing the species diversity of a cryptozoic snake, Tantilla melanocephala, in its northern distribution with emphasis on the colonization of the Lesser Antilles
Fig. 2. Specimens of Tantilla melanocephala from (A) Tobago, Pigeon Point, (B) Trinidad, Bush Bush, Nariva Swamp, and (C) Venezuela, Caracas, Distrito Capital. Photos by J.C. Murphy (A–B) and L.A. Rodríguez (C).
Data From: An artificial habitat increases the reproductive fitness of a range-shifting species within a newly colonized ecosystem
<p>When a range-shifting species colonizes an ecosystem it has not previously inhabited, it may experience suboptimal conditions that challenge its continued persistence and expansion. Some impacts may be partially mitigated by artificial habitat analogues: artificial habitats that more closely resemble a species' historic ecosystem than the surrounding habitat. If conditions provided by such habitats increase reproductive success, they could be vital to the expansion and persistence of range-shifting species. We investigated the reproduction of the mangrove tree crab <i>Aratus pisonii </i>in its historic mangrove habitat, the suboptimal colonized salt marsh ecosystem, and on docks within the marsh, an artificial mangrove analogue. Crabs were assessed for offspring production and quality, as well as measures of maternal investment and egg quality. <i>Aratus pisonii</i> found on docks produced more eggs, more eggs per unit energy investment, and higher quality larvae than conspecifics in the surrounding salt marsh. Yet, crabs in the mangrove produced the highest quality larvae. Egg lipids suggest these different reproductive outcomes result from disparities in the quality of diet-driven maternal investments, particularly key fatty acids. This study suggests habitat analogues may increase the reproductive fitness of range-shifting species allowing more rapid expansion into, and better persistence in, colonized ecosystems.</p>
Data from: Influences of species interactions with aggressive ants and habitat filtering on nest colonization and community composition of arboreal twig-nesting ants
Ant community assembly is driven by many factors including species interactions (e.g. competition, predation, parasitism), habitat filtering (e.g. vegetation differences, food and nesting resources), and dispersal. Canopy ant communities, including dominant and twig-nesting ants, are structured by all these different factors, but we know less about the impacts of species interactions and habitat filters acting at the colonization or recruitment stage. We examined occupation of artificial twig nests placed in shade trees in coffee agroecosystems. We asked whether species interactions -- aggression from the dominant canopy ant, Azteca sericeasur (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) -- or habitat filtering -- species of tree where nests were placed, tree size, or surrounding vegetation -- influence colonization, species richness, and community composition of twig-nesting ants. We found 20 species of ants occupying artificial nests. Nest occupation was lower on trees with A. sericeasur, but did not differ depending on tree species or surrounding vegetation. Yet, there were species-specific differences in occupation depending on A. sericeasur presence and tree species. Ant species richness did not vary with A. sericeasur presence or tree species. Community composition varied with A. sericeasur presence, tree height, and surrounding vegetation. Our results suggest that species interactions with dominant ants are important determinants of colonization and community composition of twig-nesting ants. Habitat filtering by tree species did not affect twig-nesting ants, but changes in tree size or coffee management may contribute to differences in community composition with important implications for ant conservation in agricultural landscapes, as well as biological control of coffee pests.
Data from: Propagule pressure and genetic diversity enhance colonization by a ruderal species: a multi-generation field experiment
Colonization is a critical filter, setting the stage for short-term and long-term population success. Increased propagule pressure (e.g., more founding individuals) usually enhances colonization; however, this pattern may be driven by purely numeric effects, population genetic diversity effects, or both. To determine the independent and interactive effects of propagule pressure and genetic diversity, we conducted a seed addition experiment in the field using the ruderal annual Arabidopsis thaliana. Propagule pressure treatments spanned five levels, from 32 to 960 seeds per 0.25-m2 plot. Founder populations were composed of one, four or eight genotypes and exposed to ambient or reduced levels of interspecific competition. Genotype monocultures were included to quantify additive versus non-additive effects. Populations were followed for three generations, with abundance, population persistence and genotype retention (the proportion of introduced genotypes persisting over time) as the major response variables. Increased propagule pressure enhanced abundance immediately following introduction, particularly where nutrient availability was high and competition reduced. Greater propagule pressure also increased the likelihood of population persistence and genotype retention through three generations. However, most populations experienced rapid abundance declines over time, yielding no relationship between propagule pressure and third-generation abundance across persisting populations. Under reduced competition, increased genetic diversity led to a marginal increase in persistence through the third generation that was more pronounced, and statistically significant, in low nutrient conditions. Genetic diversity did not affect persistence through the first generation, thus indicating that genetic diversity effects strengthened over time. Nevertheless, genotypic mixture populations fell short of expectations based on performance in monocultures (negative non-additive effects). Increased genetic diversity was also associated with abundance declines, largely due to one particularly high-performing genotype in the lowest diversity treatments (i.e, genotypic identity effects). Overall, our results indicate that increases in both propagule pressure and genetic diversity can enhance colonization success but are highly context-dependent. They also highlight novel ways in which both factors can impact the retention of introduced genetic diversity over time. Our findings pinpoint the determinants of a fundamental population process and have key implications for applications where enhanced or suppressed colonization is desired, including ecological restoration and invasive species management.
Acoustic phenology of tropical resident birds differs between native forest species and parkland colonizer species
<p>Most birds are characterized by a seasonal phenology closely adapted to local climatic conditions, even in tropical habitats where climatic seasonality is slight. In order to better understand the phenologies of resident tropical birds, and how phenology may differ among species at the same site, we used ~70,000 hours of audio recordings collected continuously for two years at four recording stations in Singapore and nine custom-made machine learning classifiers to determine the vocal phenology of a panel of nine resident bird species. We detected distinct seasonality in vocal activity in some species but not others. Native forest species sang seasonally. In contrast, species which have had breeding populations in Singapore only for the last few decades exhibited seemingly aseasonal or unpredictable song activity throughout the year. Urbanization and habitat modification over the last 100 years have altered the composition of species in Singapore, which appears to have influenced phenological dynamics in the avian community. It is unclear what is driving the differences in phenology between these two groups of species, but it may be due to either differences in seasonal availability of preferred foods, or newly established populations may require decades to adjust to local environmental conditions. Our results highlight the ways that anthropogenic habitat modification may disrupt phenological cycles in tropical regions in addition to altering the species community.</p>
Seedling performance in a dioecious tree species is similar near female and male conspecific adults despite differences in colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
<p>Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) are a key driver of species diversity and composition in plant communities worldwide; however, the factors that may cause feedbacks to vary within species are rarely examined. In dioecious species, the strength of feedbacks may differ near female plants that produce seed versus near male plants (which do not) because repeated inputs of seeds and high seedling densities near females may cause accumulation of host‐specific soil microbes that influence seedling performance. To test whether conspecific seedling performance is reduced near seed‐producing female trees relative to male or heterospecific trees, we conducted shadehouse and field experiments with a dioecious tropical tree species, Virola surinamensis (<em>Myristicaceae</em>), on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. The shadehouse experiment isolated the effect of soil microbial communities on seedling growth and allowed us to quantify colonization by mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, while the field experiment allowed us to assess seedling survival and growth in the presence of nearby conspecific adults and seedlings. In both experiments, seedling performance was similar between seedlings grown in the soil microbial communities and field environments underneath female conspecific, male conspecific, and heterospecific trees. However, contrary to expectation, seedling colonization by AM fungi was higher in male conspecific soil microbial communities than in female or heterospecific soil microbial communities at the end of the shadehouse experiment. Together, our experiments show that while differences among female and male plants in dioecious species may influence the association of conspecific seedlings with AM fungi in their soils, this variation does not necessarily translate directly to differences in seedling performance, at least over the time frame of our experiments. Studies of additional dioecious species are needed to help determine differences in soil microbial communities beneath male and female plants and to assess the role of seed input versus adult root systems in driving PSFs.</p>
Ancient human colonization explains dung beetle species richness in the Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands
<p><span><strong>Aim:</strong> </span><span>Different hypothesis have been proposed to explain differences in species richness among islands. However, few studies have attempted to compare the explanatory power of multiple hypotheses using a large data set. Here we analyse how different types of predictors (</span><span>energetic/climatic, environmental heterogeneity, island biogeography and anthropogenic</span><span>) affect variation in dung beetle species richness on Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location:</strong> </span><span>Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Taxon:</strong> </span><span>Dung beetles.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods:</span></strong><span> Using a large dataset of islands (n = 147), we extracted the species richness of dung beetles on each island using 362 bibliographic reference sources. We performed GLMs to analyse the relationship between the species richness of dung beetles and eleven explanatory variables (temperature, evapotranspiration, aridity, area, maximum elevation, connection to continent during LGM, geological origin, distance from continent, nearest continent, years since first human colonization and human density) </span><span>representing four types of causal hypotheses. We also included as a covariate the number of published papers studying dung beetles as a surrogate of the survey/study effort carried out in each island.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> GLMs suggest that the years since first human colonization, the number of published papers, and island area were the predictors with a higher explanatory capacity. The volcanic character of the islands and the distance from the mainland had some relevance in the case of Scarabaeinae and Geotrupinae, and maximum elevation appeared relevant in the species richness of Scarabaeinae and Aphodiidae. The anthropogenic and island biogeography hypotheses on the variation in species richness were the ones that have the strongest explanatory capacity, regardless of the inclusion of the surrogate of survey effort as a covariate in the models.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> </span><span>The long history of human movements and agricultural activities has facilitated the colonization of dung beetles and provided trophic resources for their persistence, leading to increased species richness. Thus, the importance of anthropogenic factors in shaping the biodiversity patterns of island biogeography cannot be ignored. These human-induced influences may play a fundamental role in altering the biogeographic patterns of islands, even overriding the importance of other variables. Consequently, our findings underline the profound impact of historical human actions on islands biodiversity.</span></p>
Data from: Losing cichlid fish biodiversity: genetic and morphological homogenization of tilapia following colonization by introduced species
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Data from: Influences of species interactions with aggressive ants and habitat filtering on nest colonization and community composition of arboreal twig-nesting ants
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Data from: Testing models of refugial isolation, colonization and population connectivity in two species of montane salamanders
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Ancient human colonization explains dung beetle species richness in the Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands
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Data from: Island properties dominate species traits in determining plant colonizations in an archipelago system
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Seedling performance in a dioecious tree species is similar near female and male conspecific adults despite differences in colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
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Acoustic phenology of tropical resident birds differs between native forest species and parkland colonizer species
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Data from: Propagule pressure and genetic diversity enhance colonization by a ruderal species: a multi-generation field experiment
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Data From: An artificial habitat increases the reproductive fitness of a range-shifting species within a newly colonized ecosystem
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Data for: Colonization dynamics explain the decoupling of species richness and morphological disparity in syngnatharian fishes across oceans
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.