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143 results for “Species trend”
Prevalent trends in realized probability of occurrence of main European forest tree species for 2000–2020
<p>High resolution maps resulting from a trend analysis conducted for the period 2000–2020 on the probability of occurrence maps prepared by <a href="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13728">Bonannella et al. (2022)</a>. For this analysis we selected the realized distribution time series layers at 30m spatial resolution for 6 out of 16 species described in the mentioned publication:</p> <ul> <li>Silver fir (<em>Abies alba </em>Mill.)</li> <li>European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica </em>L.)</li> <li>Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies </em>L.)</li> <li>Black pine (<em>Pinus nigra </em>J. F. Arnold)</li> <li>Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris </em>L.)</li> <li>Common oak (<em>Quercus robur </em>L.)</li> </ul> <p>The trend analysis was conducted per pixel on each of these species individually. We fitted simple OLS regression models with the probability of occurrence as the dependent variable and time as the independent variable. After the model fitting, we also calculated the t-test statistics to determine the presence of an increasing (positive) or decreasing (negative) trend or no trend at all.</p> <p>By combining the regression slope coefficient (<em>β</em>) and the <em>p</em>-value from the t-test statistics we assigned each pixel to one of three classes:</p> <ul> <li><em>positive</em>: <em>β</em> > 0.25 AND <em>p</em>-value < 0.05</li> <li><em>negative</em>: <em>β</em> < −0.25 AND <em>p</em>-value < 0.05</li> <li><em>no trend / stable</em>: −0.25 ≤ <em>β</em> ≥ 0.25 OR <em>p</em>-value > 0.05</li> </ul> <p>We then aggregated the resulting classes at 1km resolution maps to capture the prevalent trend in probability of occurrence over a certain area. Files are named according to the following naming convention, e.g.:</p> <ul> <li>veg_abies.alba_slope_30m_0..0cm_epsg3035_v1.0</li> </ul> <p>with the following fields:</p> <ul> <li>theme: e.g. <strong>veg</strong>,</li> <li>species code: e.g. <strong>abies.alba</strong>,</li> <li>variable name: e.g. <strong>slope</strong>,</li> <li>resolution in meters e.g. <strong>30m</strong>,</li> <li>reference depths (vertical dimension): e.g. <strong>0..0cm</strong>,</li> <li>coordinate system: e.g. <strong>epsg3035</strong>,</li> <li>data set version: e.g. <strong>v1.0</strong>.</li> </ul> <p>For each species here we provide the following layers:</p> <ul> <li>veg_abies.alba_<strong>slope</strong>:<strong> </strong>slope coefficient (scaling factor: 10000)</li> <li>veg_abies.alba_<strong>pvalue</strong>:<strong> </strong><em>p</em>-value (scaling factor: 1000)</li> <li>veg_abies.alba_<strong>pos.trends_30m</strong>: pixels classified as <em>positive </em>on the original maps at 30m resolution (boolean layer with range 0–100, only the two extremes values are present)</li> <li>veg_abies.alba_<strong>pos.trends_1km</strong>: proportion of pixels of the <em>positive </em>class over a 1×1 km area (range 0–100)</li> <li>veg_abies.alba_<strong>neg.trends_30m</strong>: pixels classified as <em>negative </em>on the original maps at 30m resolution (boolean layer with range 0–100, only the two extremes values are present)</li> <li>veg_abies.alba_<strong>neg.trends_1km</strong>: proportion of pixels of the <em>negative </em>class over a 1×1 km area (range 0–100)</li> <li>veg_abies.alba_<strong>no.trends_30m</strong>: (pixels classified as <em>no trend / stable </em>on the original maps at 30m resolution (boolean layer with range 0–100, only the two extremes values are present)</li> <li>veg_abies.alba_<strong>no.trends_1km</strong>:<strong> </strong>proportion of pixels of the <em>no trend / stable </em>class over a 1×1 km area (range 0–100)</li> </ul> <p>Files are provided as GeoTIFFs and projected in the Coordinate Reference System ETRS89 / LAEA Europe (= EPSG code 3035). Styling files are provided in <em>QML</em> format</p> <p>A publication describing, in detail, all processing steps is currently in review. See at:<br> <br> Bonannella, C., Parente, L., de Bruin, S. and Herold, M. (2023). Multi-decadal trend analysis and forest disturbance assessment of European tree species: concerning signs of a subtle shift, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [<a href="https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3288937/v1">https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3288937/v1</a>]</p> <p> </p>
Long-term species richness and evenness trends in response to N addition and elevated CO2 in BioCON
The data and code in this package are associated with the analysis for a manuscript titled "Elevated CO2 first dampens but then amplifies diversity loss due to N enrichment over 24 years". The files include 24 years of data on species cover, total aboveground biomass, species richness, evenness and environmental variables from the BioCON experiment. The complete BioCON (Biodiversity, CO2, and N) experiment includes 371 2 x 2 m plots in six circular 20-meter diameter rings, located at the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve in Minnesota, USA. Plots were established on secondary successional grassland on a sandy outwash soil after removing the prior vegetation. The BioCON project includes several overlapping and nested experiments.
Temporal trends in the spatial bias of species occurrence records
<p>Large-scale biodiversity databases have great potential for quantifying long-term trends of species, but they also bring many methodological challenges. Spatial bias of species occurrence records is well recognized. Yet, the dynamic nature of this spatial bias - how spatial bias has changed over time - has been largely overlooked. We examined the spatial sampling bias of species occurrence records within multiple biodiversity databases in Germany and tested whether spatial bias in relation to land cover or land use (urban and protected areas) has changed over time. We focused our analyses on urban and protected areas as these represent two well-known correlates of sampling bias in biodiversity datasets. We found that the proportion of annual records from urban areas has increased over time while the proportion of annual records within protected areas has not consistently changed. Using simulations, we examined the implications of this changing sampling bias for estimation of long-term trends of species' distributions. When assessing biodiversity change, our findings suggest that the effects of spatial bias depend on how it affects sampling of the underlying land-use change drivers affecting species. Oversampling of regions undergoing the greatest degree of change, for instance near human settlements, might lead to overestimation of the trends of specialist species. For robust estimation of the long-term trends in species' distributions, analyses using species occurrence records may need to consider not only spatial bias, but also changes in the strength of spatial bias through time.</p>
Fig 9. Top 10 in Publishing trends and productivity in insect taxonomy from 1946 through 2012 based on an analysis of the Zoological Record for four species-rich families
Fig 9. Top 10 of most utilized journals from 1946 to 2012. A. Cicadellidae. B. Miridae. C. Pyralidae. D. Staphylinidae.
Fig 6 in Publishing trends and productivity in insect taxonomy from 1946 through 2012 based on an analysis of the Zoological Record for four species-rich families
Fig 6 (continued from previous page). Number of total articles and co-authored articles from 1946 to 2012. A. Cicadellidae. B. Miridae. C. Pyralidae. D. Staphylinidae.
Fig 6 in Publishing trends and productivity in insect taxonomy from 1946 through 2012 based on an analysis of the Zoological Record for four species-rich families
Fig 6 (continued on next page). Number of total articles and co-authored articles from 1946 to 2012. A. Cicadellidae. B. Miridae. C. Pyralidae. D. Staphylinidae.
Fig 5 in Publishing trends and productivity in insect taxonomy from 1946 through 2012 based on an analysis of the Zoological Record for four species-rich families
Fig 5 (continued on next page). Number of articles published by continent (Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Asia and Australia) between 1946 and 2012. A. Cicadellidae. B. Miridae. C. Pyralidae. D. Staphylinidae.
Fig 2 in Publishing trends and productivity in insect taxonomy from 1946 through 2012 based on an analysis of the Zoological Record for four species-rich families
Fig 2. Average new species described per article (Cicadellidae, Miridae, Pyralidae and Staphylinidae combined) from 1946 to 2012.
Fig 1 in Publishing trends and productivity in insect taxonomy from 1946 through 2012 based on an analysis of the Zoological Record for four species-rich families
Fig 1. Time series of newly described species for the families Cicadellidae, Miridae, Pyralidae and Staphylinidae between 1946 and 2012. A. Number of new species. B. Number of articles with new species.
Fig 4 in Publishing trends and productivity in insect taxonomy from 1946 through 2012 based on an analysis of the Zoological Record for four species-rich families
Fig 4. Total and average article length for for papers on the four families of Cicadellidae, Miridae, Pyralidae and Staphylinidae between 1946 and 2012.
Fig 3 in Publishing trends and productivity in insect taxonomy from 1946 through 2012 based on an analysis of the Zoological Record for four species-rich families
Fig 3. Average page length of new species descriptions (Cicadellidae, Miridae, Pyralidae and Staphylinidae combined) between 1946 and 2012.
Fig 5 in Publishing trends and productivity in insect taxonomy from 1946 through 2012 based on an analysis of the Zoological Record for four species-rich families
Fig 5 (continued from previous page). Number of articles published by continent (Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Asia and Australia) between 1946 and 2012. A. Cicadellidae. B. Miridae. C. Pyralidae. D. Staphylinidae.
Figures 5a–f in Trapping Records of Fruit Fly Pest Species (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Oahu (Hawaiian Islands): Analysis of Spatial Population Trends
Figures 5a–f. Mean (± S.E.) captures in different habitats for B. cucurbitae in cuelure and torula yeast (a, b), B. dorsalis in methyl eugenol and torula yeast (c, d) and C. capitata in trimedlure and torula yeast (e, f) traps. Units are flies per trap per day in male lure and per week in torula yeast traps.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal)
FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of the foraminifera specimens. Scale bar equals 100 µm. 1-3- Three different specimens of Polysaccammina ipohalina Scott, 1976b, illustrating the differences in size and form. In all specimens it is possible to see attached organic matter; 4-5- Polysaccammina hyperhalina Medioli, Scott, and Petrucci, 1983. 4- complete specimen of P. hyperhalina; 5- aperture view; 6- specimen with several side branches; 7-10- different sized specimens of Ammovertellina sp.; 11-14- various specimens of Reophax nana Rhumbler, 1913; 15-17- Leptohalysis scottii (Chaster, 1892); 15 and 16- side view of two complete specimens; 17- detail on the agglutination of the last chamber; 18- complete specimen of Ammobaculites exiguus Cushman and Brönnimann, 1948b; 19- Ammobaculites sp. with the uncoiled portion broken; 20-22- Ammotium salsum (Cushman and Brönnimann, 1948a); 20- best specimen; 21- smaller specimen; 22- aperture detail; 23- Ammotium sp.; 24-26- different specimens of Miliammina fusca (Brady, 1870); 27-28- Miliammina obliqua Heron-Allen and Earland, 1930; 27- view of the interio-marginal arch of the aperture; 29-30- Arenoparrella mexicana (Kornfeld, 1931); 29- ventral side with view to main aperture and supplementary apertures; 30- dorsal side with view to supplementary apertures; 31-32- Deuterammina eddystonensis Brönnimann and Whittaker, 1990; 31- dorsal view; 32- ventral view; 33-35- Jadammina macrescens (Brady, 1870); 33- dorsal view; 34- ventral view; 35- dorsal view of a deformed test.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal)
FIGURE 1. Location of the study area; 1) Geographical context of the Guadiana River basin in the Iberian Peninsula (Europe). Adapted from chguadiana.es (2012). Coordinate system: Datum ETRS89 UTM Zone 30N; 2) Study area: Map of the Guadiana Estuary with site locations.
FIGURE 7 in Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal)
FIGURE 7. Distribution patterns of the common to dominant species in the samples collected in winter along a distance-to-sea and elevation gradients (in relation to MSL).
FIGURE 4 in Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal)
FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of the foraminifera specimens. Scale bar equals 100 µm. 1-4- different sized specimens of Bolivina ordinaria Phleger and Parker, 1952, new name; 5- Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny, 1839b); 6-7- Cornuspira involvens (Reuss 1850); 8-10- Miliolid sp1; 8- apertural view; 9- front view; 10- back view; 11- 13- Miliolid sp2; 11- apertural view; 12- front view; 13- back view; 14-16- Miliolid sp3; 14- front view; 15- apertural view; 16- back view; 17-18- Miliolid sp4; 17- apertural view; 18- front view; 19-21- Miliolid sp5; 19- apertural view; 20- front view; 21- back view; 22-23- Miliolid sp6; 22- front and apertural view; 23- back view; 24-26- Miliolid sp7; 24- front view; 25- apertural view; 26- front and apertural view; 27-29- Miliolid sp8; 27- front view; 28- apertural view; 29- front view of a smaller specimen.
FIGURE 8 in Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal)
FIGURE 8. Distribution patterns of the common to dominant species in the samples collected in summer along a distance-to-sea and elevation gradients (in relation to MSL).
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal)
FIGURE 3. Scanning electron and light microscope micrographs of the foraminifera specimens. Scale bar equals 100 µm except where noted otherwhise; 1-2- Jadammina macrescens (Brady, 1870); 1- supplementary apertures view; 2- detail of supplementary apertures (scale bar = 50 µm); 3-4- Lepidodeuterammina plymouthensis Brönnimann and Whittaker, 1990; 3- dorsal view; 4- ventral view; 5-8- Lepidodeuterammina ochracea (Williamson, 1858); 5- dorsal view; 6- ventral view; 7- dorsal view of a smaller specimen; 8- ventral view of a smaller specimen; 9-10- Portatrochammina sp.; 9- dorsal view; 10- ventral view; 11-13- Siphotrochammina sp.; 11- dorsal side with inter-cameral foramen view; 12- dorsal view of a smaller specimen, also with inter-cameral foramen; 13- ventral view of a smaller specimen; 14-16- Tiphotrocha comprimata Saunders, 1957; 14- dorsal view; 15- ventral view; 16- individual strongly attached to a sea-grass leaf; detail of a Pinus pollen grain at the center of the leaf; 17-21- Trochammina inflata (Montagu, 1808); 17- dorsal view; 18- ventral view; 19- ventral view with umbilical tube detail; 20- microspheric form dorsal view; 21- microspheric form ventral view; 22- Eggerelloides scaber (Williamson, 1858); 23-25- Textularia earlandi Parker, 1952; 23- apertural view; 24- lateral view; 25- profile view with aperture in detail; 26-29- Discorinopsis aguayoi (Bermúdez, 1935); 26- scanning electron dorsal view; 27- scanning electron ventral view; 28- light microscope dorsal view; 29- light microscope ventral view.
FIGURE 6 in Taxonomy, ecology and biogeographical trends of dominant benthic foraminifera species from an Atlantic-Mediterranean estuary (the Guadiana, southeast Portugal)
FIGURE 6. RDA attribute plot representing the distribution and abundance of the dominant species in Guadiana Estuary according to elevation and distance-to-sea variables.
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