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137 results for “Spermatozoa”
Novelty and emergent patterns in sperm: morphological diversity and evolution of spermatozoa and sperm conjugation in ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
<p>The beetle family Carabidae, with about 40,000 species, exhibits enough diversity in sperm structure and behavior to be an excellent model system for studying patterns and processes of sperm evolution. We explore their potential, documenting<b> </b>sperm form in 177 species of ground beetles using light microscopy and collecting data on 1 qualitative and 7 quantitative sperm phenotypic traits. Our sampling captures 61% of the tribal-level diversity of ground beetles. These data highlight the notable morphological diversity of sperm in ground beetles and suggest that sperm in the group have dynamic evolutionary histories with much morphological innovation and convergence. Sperm vary among species in total length (48–3,400mm), head length (0.5–270mm), and head width (0.2–6.3mm). Most ground beetles make sperm with heads that are indistinct from the flagella at the gross morphological level. However, some or all <i>Omophron</i>,<i>Trachypachus</i>, and Dyschiriini make broad-headed sperm that show morphological differences between species. Most ground beetles package their sperm into groups of sperm, termed conjugates, and ground beetles show variation in conjugate form and in the number and arrangement of sperm in a conjugate. Most ground beetles make sperm conjugates by embedding their sperm in a hyaline rod or spermatostyle. The spermatostyle is remarkably variable among species and varies in length from 17–41,000mm. Several unrelated groups of ground beetles make only singleton sperm, including Nebriinae, Cicindelinae, many Trechinae, and the tribe Paussini. In order to study patterns in sperm evolution, we combine these data with a low-resolution phylogeny of ground beetles. Results from modern comparative analyses suggest the following: sperm differ from conjugates in some aspect of their underlying evolutionary process, sperm have influenced conjugate evolution and vice versa, and conjugation with a spermatostyle likely evolved early within the history of Carabidae and it has been lost independently at least three times.</p>
Figure 2 in Effects of methyl farnesoate injection on spermatozoa number and reproductive indices in the narrow-clawed crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus
Figure 2. Effect of MF injection on reproductive system weight and GSI in male Pontastacus leptodactylus. Letters indicate significant difference groupings (P <0.05) (mean ± S.D; n = 15).
Figure 1 in DNA damage, oxidative stress, decreased viability and motility in common carp (Cyprinuscarpio L.) spermatozoa induced by tryptophan, phenylalanine and cysteine amino acids during short-term storage
Figure 1. Effect of tryptophan (T), phenylalanine (P), cysteine (C) at concentrations of 1, 5, 25, and 50 mM on DNA fragmentation of common carp (Cyprinuscarpio L.) spermatozoa at 6 (a), 24 (b), and 48 (c) h.
Fig. 2 in The spermathecal duct of earwig Doru luteipes (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) contributes to spermatozoa survival
Fig. 2. Light micrographs of the spermatheca of Doru luteipes. (A) Section of the spermathecal reservoir containing epithelial cells (ec). (B) Section of the spermathecal reservoir with epithelial cells (ec) positive for P.A.S. (arrow head). (C) Spermathecal reservoir showing epithelial cells (ec) and luminal content (lu) positive for proteins. (D) Section of the spermathecal duct showing epithelial cells (ec) and class III secretory cells (sc) with intracellular canaliculi (ic), which open in pores (p) through the cuticle (ct). (E) Secretory cells (sc) of the duct with P.A.S.-positive regions (arrow heads). (F) Cells of the spermathecal duct positive for proteins. lu: lumen; ea: end apparatus; spt: spermatozoa; m: muscular fiber.
Fig. 1 in The spermathecal duct of earwig Doru luteipes (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) contributes to spermatozoa survival
Fig. 1. Anatomy of the spermatheca in Doru luteipes. (A) Light micrograph showing the spermathecal reservoir (b) and duct (d). (B) Scanning electron micrograph of the spermathecal reservoir (b) and duct (d). (C) Transitional region between the reservoir (b) and the duct (d) showing longitudinal muscles (m). (D) Median portion of the spermathecal duct with longitudinal muscles (m). (E) Distal region of the spermathecal duct with circular muscles (m).
Figure 5 in Description of a new species of Rhombognathus (Halacaridae, Acari), its spermiogenesis and spermatozoa
Figure 5. (A) Intermediate spermatids: note the plasmalemmal infoldings; (B) spermatids with heterochromatin almost fully condensed: note mitochondria [M] of the somatic tissue between spermatids, acrosomal vesicles [AV] and thick and linear acrosomal filament [AF]; (C) mature sperm cells within cytoplasm of the somatic cells of germinative portion of testis. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 8 in Description of a new species of Rhombognathus (Halacaridae, Acari), its spermiogenesis and spermatozoa
Figure 8. (A) Vas deferens; (B) ductus ejaculatorius, the wall is composed by a thin epithelium associated with muscle fibers (arrows): note amorphous secretion on the left side of the picture and spermatozoa surrounded by globular bodies of secretion; (C) light micrograph of a cross-section through a male Rhombognathus: note general aspect of prospective spermatophore, with a secreted center upon which the sperm is laid. MG, excretory portion of midgut; N, nucleus of epithelial cell. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 25 mm (C).
Figure 3 in Description of a new species of Rhombognathus (Halacaridae, Acari), its spermiogenesis and spermatozoa
Figure 3. Rhombognathus levigatoides sp. nov., tritonymph. (A) Idiosoma, dorsal; (B) idiosoma, ventral; (C) leg I; (D) leg IV; (E) leg III; (F) leg II. Scale bars: 50 mm (A, B); 25 mm (C–F).
Figure 1 in Description of a new species of Rhombognathus (Halacaridae, Acari), its spermiogenesis and spermatozoa
Figure 1. Rhombognathus levigatoides sp. nov. (A) Idiosoma, dorsal; (B) ornamentation at medial portion of PD; (C) genital opening; (D) idiosoma, ventral; (E) ovipositor; (F) gnathosoma, medial; (G) gnathosoma, ventral. (A, B, D–G) Female; (C) male. Scale bars: 50 mm (A, D); 25 mm (B, C, E–G).
Figure 2 in Description of a new species of Rhombognathus (Halacaridae, Acari), its spermiogenesis and spermatozoa
Figure 2. Rhombognathus levigatoides sp. nov. (A) Leg I; (B) tarsus I; (C) tarsus IV; (D) leg IV; (E) tarsus IV; (F) leg II; (G) tarsus III; (H) tarsus II; (I) leg III. (A–D, F–I) Female; (E) male. Scale bars: 50 mm (A, D, F, I); 25 mm (B, C, E, G, H).
Figure 7 in Description of a new species of Rhombognathus (Halacaridae, Acari), its spermiogenesis and spermatozoa
Figure 7. (A) Mature spermatozoa; (B) striated body within sperm cell. AF, acrosomal filament; AV, acrosomal vesicle. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Figure 4 in Description of a new species of Rhombognathus (Halacaridae, Acari), its spermiogenesis and spermatozoa
Figure 4. Two early stages of spermiogenesis. (A) First stage with batches of heterochromatin, and dense cytoplasm; (B) second stage without heterochromatin, picture shows single crest mitochondria (arrow) and Golgi body [G]; (C) second spermatid stage. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, C); 0.5 mm (B).
Figure 6 in Description of a new species of Rhombognathus (Halacaridae, Acari), its spermiogenesis and spermatozoa
Figure 6. (A) Lumen of testis. Mature sperm cells are surrounded by somatic tissue and are delivered in testis lumen [Lu]. Then spermatozoa are coated with secreted material produced in the glandular portion: note microvilli and dense apico-lateral cell borders indicative of zonulae adhaerens among cells; (B) detail of a cell from the secretory portion of testis. N, nucleus. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Fig. 7 in Ultrastructure of the Spermatozoa in the Spider Genus Pimoa: New Evidence for the Monophyly of Pimoidae plus Linyphiidae (Arachnida: Araneae)
Fig. 7. Late spermatids of Oedothorax retusus (Linyphiidae). SEM. Colors (red, purple, blue) indicate three different spermatids. Abbreviations: AV, acrosomal vacuole; F, flagellum.
Fig. 6 in Ultrastructure of the Spermatozoa in the Spider Genus Pimoa: New Evidence for the Monophyly of Pimoidae plus Linyphiidae (Arachnida: Araneae)
Fig. 6. Interfamilial phylogenetic relationships of orbicularian spiders (based on Griswold et al. 1998 and Lopardo and Hormiga, 2008; see text for additional information and for sources of intrafamilial relationships). The optimization of the character 2 describing the axonemal pattern (three versus no central tubules) is reconstructed using parsimony. Data of the organization of the axoneme based on: Boissin, 1973; Alberti, 1990; Li et al., 1994; Michalik and Alberti, 2005; Michalik et al., 2005; Michalik, 2006; Michalik et al., 2006; and further own unpublished observations (see text for additional details).
Fig. 2 in Ultrastructure of the Spermatozoa in the Spider Genus Pimoa: New Evidence for the Monophyly of Pimoidae plus Linyphiidae (Arachnida: Araneae)
Fig. 2. Pimoa altioculata. Male reproductive system, dorsal view. The highly coiled deferent ducts were partly unraveled during dissection. The testes are densely attached to each other.
Fig. 5. A in Ultrastructure of the Spermatozoa in the Spider Genus Pimoa: New Evidence for the Monophyly of Pimoidae plus Linyphiidae (Arachnida: Araneae)
Fig. 5. A. Pimoa altioculata. Cleistospermium in lumen of the deferent duct. B. Pimoa edenticulata. Coiled sperm cell in testis; arrows to the axoneme. C. Pimoa laurae. Coiled sperm cell in lumen of the testis; arrows to axoneme. D–E. Pimoa altioculata. Detail of the axoneme (D, cross section; E, longitudinal section). Abbreviations: AF, acrosomal filament; AV, acrosomal vacuole; Ax, axoneme; CA, centriolar adjunct; dC, distal centriole; Gly, glycogen; Me, membrane cisternae; Mi, mitochondria; N, nucleus; NC, nuclear canal; Sec, secretion; SSh, secretion sheath.
Fig. 4. A–C in Ultrastructure of the Spermatozoa in the Spider Genus Pimoa: New Evidence for the Monophyly of Pimoidae plus Linyphiidae (Arachnida: Araneae)
Fig. 4. A–C. Pimoa altioculata. Coiled sperm cells in lumen of the testis; arrow to electron-lucent part of the acrosomal vacuole (see also fig. 4D). D–E. Pimoa curvata. Cleistospermia in lumen of the deferent duct; arrows to electron-lucent part of the acrosomal vacuole. F. Pimoa laurae. Cleistospermium in lumen of the deferent duct. Abbreviations: AF, acrosomal filament; AV, acrosomal vacuole; Ax, axoneme; CA, centriolar adjunct; dC, distal centriole; Gly, glycogen; pC, proximal centriole; peN, postcentriolar elongation of the nucleus; N, nucleus; NC, nuclear canal; Sec, secretion; SSh, secretion sheath.
Fig. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. A. Pimoa altioculata. B. Pimoa curvata. C. Pimoa laurae. D in Ultrastructure of the Spermatozoa in the Spider Genus Pimoa: New Evidence for the Monophyly of Pimoidae plus Linyphiidae (Arachnida: Araneae)
Fig. 1. Male habitus, dorsal view. A. Pimoa altioculata. B. Pimoa curvata. C. Pimoa laurae. D. Pimoa edenticulata.
Fig. 5. Metynnis mola spermatozoa. A and B in Spermiogenesis and spermatozoa ultrastructure in the Serrasalminae (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) with further evidence on the relationships of the piranhas and pacus
Fig. 5. Metynnis mola spermatozoa. A and B - Spermatozoa in longitudinal sections. C and D - Longitudinal sections of the nuclear fossa region. E to H - Midpiece in cross sections. I - Flagellum in longitudinal section. J, K and L - Flagella in cross sections. Scale bars, A = 0.6 µm; B = 0.55 µm; C = 0.4 µm; D = 0.35 µm; E= 0.5 µm; F = 0.4 µm; G = 0.35 µm; H = 0.25 µm; I = 0.35 µm; J - K = 0,15 µm; L = 0.1 µm. A: axoneme; C: centriole; D: distal centriole; F: flagellum; M: mitochondria; N: nucleus; P: proximal centriole; V: vesicle; Asterisk: tubule-vesicular compartment; Arrow: electron dense material; Arrowhead: cytoplasmic canal; Double arrow: nuclear fossa; Star: cytoplasmic sleeve.
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