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32 results for “Spodoptera exigua”
Fig 1 in Development of Microplitis similis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on two candidate host species, Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Fig 1. Age–stage specific survival rates (Sx) of Micropletis similis that developed in Spodoptera exigua (A) and in S. litura (B).
Fig 2 in Development of Microplitis similis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on two candidate host species, Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Fig 2. Daily body weight of parasitized and non-parasitized Spodoptera exigua (A) and S. litura (B). Each datum is shown as a mean ± SE.
Fig. 1 in Effect of four multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates on the larval mortality and development of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): determination of virus production and mean time to death
Fig. 1. Mean time of death calculated for third-instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua. The numbers above the columns indicate the values calculated for 3 replications. The columns headed by the same letter are not significantly different (Weibull analysis, α = 1.96).
Fig. 3 in Isolation of native strains of entomopathogenic fungi from agricultural soils of northeastern Mexico and their virulence on Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Fig. 3. Changes in the metamorphosis of Spodoptera exigua caused by isolates (HEB1, HIB-12) and collection strains (GHA, Ma) of entomopathogenic fungi under laboratory conditions (26 °C, 65 ± 5% RH, 14:10 h [L:D] photoperiod). (A) HEB1 (Beauveria bassiana); (B) GHA (Beauveria bassiana); (C) HIB-12 (Metharizium anisopliae); (D) Ma (Metharizium anisopliae). Lines in the bars indicate the standard error.
Fig. 2 in Isolation of native strains of entomopathogenic fungi from agricultural soils of northeastern Mexico and their virulence on Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Fig. 2. Interruption of the metamorphosis of Spodoptera exigua caused by isolates (HEB1, HIB-12) and collection strains (GHA, Ma) of entomopathogenic fungi under laboratory conditions (26 °C, 65 ± 5% RH, 14:10 h [L:D] photoperiod). Lines in the bars indicate the standard error.
Fig. 1 in Isolation of native strains of entomopathogenic fungi from agricultural soils of northeastern Mexico and their virulence on Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree reconstructed from internal transcribed spacer sequences of the isolates compared with referenced internal transcribed spacer sequences deposited in the NCBI GenBank. The phylogram size bar represents a 1% sequence divergence. Labelled branches represent referenced internal transcribed spacer sequences.
Fig. 2 in Trichogramma yousufi sp. nov. employed for the management of Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera litura in Indonesia
Fig. 2. Trichogramma yousufi sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) adult male (A), adult female (B), fore wing (C), RS1 (D), head with antennae (E), and male genitalia (F).
Fig. 1 in Trichogramma yousufi sp. nov. employed for the management of Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera litura in Indonesia
Fig. 1. Adults of Trichogramma yousufi sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitizing an egg mass of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (A) and a parasitized egg mass (B) in a commercial nursery of Acacia crassicarpa (Fabaceae) in Sumatra, Indonesia.
Fig. 3 in Trichogramma yousufi sp. nov. employed for the management of Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera litura in Indonesia
Fig. 3. Genitalic difference between adults of Trichogramma chilonis (A) and Trichogramma poliae (B) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae).
Genome and transcriptome analysis of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua reveals targets for pest control
<p>The genus <i>Spodoptera</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) includes some of the most infamous insect pests of cultivated plants including <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>, <i>Spodoptera litura</i> and <i>Spodoptera exigua</i>. To effectively develop targeted pest control strategies for diverse <i>Spodoptera</i> species, genomic resources are highly desired. To this aim, we provide the genome assembly and developmental transcriptome comprising all major life stages of <i>S. exigua</i>, the beet armyworm. <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> is a polyphagous herbivore that can feed from > 130 host plants including several economically important crops.</p> <p>The 419 Mb beet armyworm genome was sequenced from a female <i>S. exigua</i> pupa. Using a hybrid genome sequencing approach (Nanopore long read data and Illumina short read), a high-quality genome assembly was achieved (N50=1.1 Mb). An official gene set (OGS, 18,477 transcripts) was generated by automatic annotation and by using transcriptomic RNA-seq data sets of 18 <i>S. exigua</i> samples as supporting evidence. In-depth analyses of developmental stage-specific expression in combination with gene tree analyses of identified homologous genes across Lepidoptera genomes revealed four potential genes of interest (three of them <i>Spodoptera</i>-specific) upregulated during 1<sup>st</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> instar larval stages for targeted pest-outbreak management.</p> <p>The beet armyworm genome sequence and developmental transcriptome covering all major developmental stages provides critical insights into the biology of this devastating polyphagous insect pest species with a worldwide distribution. In addition, comparative genomic analyses across Lepidoptera significantly advance our knowledge to further control other invasive <i>Spodoptera</i> species and reveals potential lineage-specific target genes for pest control strategies.</p>
Genome and transcriptome analysis of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua reveals targets for pest control
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Population dynamics and seasonal migration patterns of Spodoptera exigua in northern China based on 11 years of monitoring data
<p>The beet armyworm, <em>Spodoptera exigua </em>(Hübner) is an important migratory pest worldwide that has caused serious economic losses in the main crop-producing areas of China. To effectively monitor and control this pest, it is necessary to investigate its interannual and seasonal migration patterns in northern China. In this study, we weekly monitored the population dynamics of <em>S. exigua</em> using sex pheromone traps in Shenyang, Liaoning Province from 2012 to 2022 and simulated the migration trajectories using the HYSPLIT model. Overall, the migration numbers varied significantly among years, with large migrations in 2018 and 2020 that resulted in a total catch of more than 2000 individuals. </p>
Gut bacterial community structure shifts in successive generations of Spodoptera exigua under short-term thermal stress
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Long-term studies that advance our mechanistic understanding of gut bacterial symbionts of insect hosts in response to the successive generations of short-term thermal stress are lacking. The beet armyworm, <em>Spodoptera exigua</em> </span><span>is a notorious agricultural pest worldwide</span><span> and has often experienced stressful temperature fluctuations in field environments. In this study, 1,795,224 reads and 2,565 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected in 23 gut samples of<em> S. exigua</em> fed for five successive generations<em> </em>using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. Overall, we identified 618 bacterial genera from 30 phyla, and Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the most dominant phyla. <a name="_Hlk98529962"></a><a name="_Hlk98688137"></a><span>Alpha-diversity </span><span>of gut microbiome revealed significant differences among these generation </span>treatment groups<em>.</em> We detected the highest bacterial richness and alpha diversity in the fifth generation and the lowest in the first generation under short-term thermal stress.<a name="_Hlk98529975"></a> Beta diversity indicated that the gut microbial community structure of <em>S. exigua</em> in the first generation was significantly different from that of other generations. Finally,<a name="_Hlk98576503"></a> </span><span><span>PICRUSt </span></span><span><span>analysis showed that </span></span><span>most functional prediction categories</span><span> were </span><span>related to</span><span> RNA processing and modification</span><span>.</span><span> Our findings represent the first investigation of the successive generations of short-term thermal stress that can affect the microbial communities associated with lepidopteran insects and broaden our understanding of the ecological adaptation of this species.</span></p>
FIGS 64–73. Megaselia species B. female. 64 in Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) reared from Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Iran
FIGS 64–73. Megaselia species B. female. 64, frons and postpedicels; 65, palps and proboscis; 66, side of thorax; 67, abdomen; 68, tergite 6 to cerci; 69, Dufour's crop mechanism; 70, front tarsus; 71, mid tibia and tarsal segments 1 and 2; 72, hind femur; 73, wing.
FIGS 27–37 in Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) reared from Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Iran
FIGS 27–37. Megaselia noctuidpasco sp. n. male. 27, frons; 28, postpedicels; 29, a palp and proboscis; 30, side of thorax; 31, abdomen; 32-33, hypopygium; 34, front tarsus (the base of basitarsus is missing); 35, Mid tibia; 36, hind femur and tibia; 37, wing.
FIGS 51–63. Megaselia species A. female. 51 in Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) reared from Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Iran
FIGS 51–63. Megaselia species A. female. 51, frons; 52, postpedicel; 53, palp and proboscis; 54, side of thorax; 55, abdomen; 56, tergite 6; 57, tergite 7 to cerci; 58, sternite 7; 59, Dufour's crop mechanism; 60, front tarsus; 62, mid tibia; 63, hind femur. 63, wing.
FIGS 38–50 in Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) reared from Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Iran
FIGS 38–50. Megaselia tubuslonga sp. n. male. 38, frons; 39, postpedicels, palps and proboscis; 40, postpedicel with SPS vesicles; 41, proboscis from below; 42, side of thorax; 43, abdomen; 44-45 hypopygium; 46, front tibia and tarsus; 47, mid tibia and tarsal segments 1 and 2; 48, hind femur; 49, wing, 50, axillary ridge of wing.
FIGS 17–26 in Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) reared from Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Iran
FIGS 17–26. Megaselia necalbiclava sp. n. male. 17, frons; 18, postpedicels, palps and proboscis; 19, side of thorax; 20, abdomen; 21-22, hyppygium; 23, front tarsus; 24, mid tibia and basitarsus; 26, wing.
FIGS 1–11 in Scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) reared from Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Iran
FIGS 1–11. Megaselia exspodoptera sp. n. male. 1, frons and postpedicels; 2, postpedicels, palps and proboscis; 3, side of thorax; 4. Abdomen; 5-7, hypopygium,; 8, front tarsus; 9, mid tibia and basitarsus; 10. Hind femur; 11, wing. Figs 12–15. Megaselia exspodoptera sp. n. female. 12, abdominal tergites 4-6; 13, tergite 7; 14, spermatheca; 15, sternite 6. Fig 16. Hypopygium of Megaselia microcurtineura Disney.
Data from: Switching among natal and auxiliary hosts increases vulnerability of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to insecticides
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