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47 results for “Suction feeding”
Figure 1. Diagnostic characteristics identifying NMV P252567 in Suction feeding preceded filtering in baleen whale evolution
Figure 1. Diagnostic characteristics identifying NMV P252567 as an aetiocetid. A, explanatory line drawing of the skull; B, photograph of the skull (left) and mandible (right), both in dorsal view.
Figure 3 in Suction feeding preceded filtering in baleen whale evolution
Figure 3. Additional teeth of NMV P252567. A, left upper incisor; B, right upper incisor; C, double-rooted postcanine 4. All teeth are shown in lingual (left) and labial (right) views. The lack or comparatively small degree of wear on the incisors suggests they may have been largely (left upper incisor) or partially (right upper incisor) enclosed within the gingiva, protecting them from the abrasive wear that affected the other teeth. A fifth double-rooted postcanine closely resembles postcanines 2 and 4 in terms of its wear, but is still partially encased in sediment and hence not shown here.
Figure 5 in Suction feeding preceded filtering in baleen whale evolution
Figure 5. Suction feeding precedes baleen filtering in mysticete evolution. A, consensus tree of aetiocetid evolutionary relationships, based on all cladistic studies published to date (e.g. Deméré and Berta, 2008; Deméré et al., 2008; Fitzgerald, 2010; Geisler and Sanders, 2003; Marx and Fordyce, 2015; Steeman, 2007), showing major feeding-related synapomorphies; B, life reconstructions (top) and skulls (in lateral view) of a representative archaeocete (Dorudon atrox), aetiocetid (NMV P252567), eomysticetid (Yamatocetus canaliculatus) and extant suction feeding mysticete (grey whale, Eschrichtius robustus); C, inferred behaviours and feeding strategies. Life reconstructions by Carl Buell.
Figure 2 in Suction feeding preceded filtering in baleen whale evolution
Figure 2. Wear patterns on representative teeth of NMV P252567, suggesting suction feeding in an aetiocetid. A, left upper canine or first premolar; B, double-rooted postcanine 1; C,?lower double-rooted postcanine 2; D,?lower double-rooted postcanine 3; E, micro-computed tomography cross section of postcanine 1, showing the depth and rounded edges of the horizontal striations (marked by large black arrows). A–C are shown in lingual, labial and anterior/posterior view, D in lingual view only.
Figure 4 in Suction feeding preceded filtering in baleen whale evolution
Figure 4. Cross section of the rostrum and lower jaws of A, a balaenid, B, a balaenopterid, and C, an aetiocetid, illustrating the relative movement of the mandible during jaw closure (red arrows). All drawings show the mouth slightly open. In right whales (A) and rorquals (B), the laterally bowed mandibles and/or tall lower lips rotate inwards on to the labial surface of the baleen plates, thereby leaving the rack intact. In aetiocetids (C), the movement of the mandible is mostly vertical and the upper and lower jaws need to approach each other enough to allow the teeth to occlude, thereby risking interference with any baleen present. A and B are adapted from Pivorunas (1979: fig. 3).
A new theoretical performance landscape for suction feeding reveals adaptive kinematics in a natural population of reef damselfish
<p><span>Understanding how organismal traits determine performance and</span><span>, </span><span>ultimately</span><span>, </span><span>fitness is a fundamental goal of evolutionary ecomorphology. However, multiple traits can interact in non-linear and context-dependent ways to affect performance, hindering efforts to place natural populations with respect to performance peaks or valleys. Here, we used an established mechanistic model of suction-feeding performance (SIFF) derived from hydrodynamic principles to estimate a theoretical performance landscape for zooplankton prey capture. This performance space can be used to predict prey capture performance for any combination of six morphological and kinematic trait values. We then mapped in situ high-speed video observations of suction feeding in a natural population of a coral reef zooplanktivore, Chromis viridis, onto the performance space to estimate the population's location with respect to the topography of the performance landscape. Although the kinematics of the natural population closely matched regions of high performance in the landscape, the population was not located on a performance peak. Individuals were furthest from performance peaks on the peak gape, ram speed and mouth opening speed trait axes. Moreover, we found that the trait combination</span><span>s </span><span>in the observed population were associated with higher performance than expected by chance, suggesting that these combinations are under selection. Our results provide a framework for assessing whether natural populations occupy performance optima.</span></p>
Suction feeding turned on its head: a functional novelty facilitates lower jaw protrusion
<p>Functional novelties play important roles in creating new ways for organisms to access resources. In fishes, jaw protrusion has been attributed to the massive diversity of suction-based feeding systems, facilitating the dominant mode of prey capture in this group. Nearly all fishes that feed by suction use upper jaw protrusion, achieved by rotation of the mandible at its base, which then transmits forward motion to independently mobile upper jaw bones. In this study, by contrast, we explore an unusual form of lower jaw protrusion in the freshwater invertivore, <em>Nannocharax fasciatus</em>, enabled by a novel intramandibular joint (IMJ). We combine morphological, kinematic, and biomechanical data to show that the added mobility created by the IMJ influences the pattern of suction-based prey capture movements and contributes to lower jaw protrusion (increasing it by 25%, based on biomechanical modeling). Interestingly, the upper jaw bones are fused in <em>N. fasciatus</em> and rotate about a single fixed joint, like the lower jaws of most other suction feeding fishes. We suggest that this vertical inversion of the jaw protrusion mechanism for ventrally directed suction-feeding on benthic prey is a likely exaptation, as the IMJ is used for biting in related taxa. This work highlights the ability of novelties to facilitate ecological specialization by enabling new functional capabilities.</p>
Suction feeding turned on its head: a functional novelty facilitates lower jaw protrusion
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A new theoretical performance landscape for suction feeding reveals adaptive kinematics in a natural population of reef damselfish
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Data from: Integration between swimming and feeding evolves repeatedly in Trinidadian guppies and aligns with suction-feeding fishes
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Dual function of epaxial musculature for swimming and suction feeding in largemouth bass
<p>The axial musculature of many fishes generates the power for both swimming and suction feeding. In the case of the epaxial musculature, unilateral activation bends the body laterally for swimming, and bilateral activation bends the body dorsally to elevate the neurocranium for suction feeding. But how does a single muscle group effectively power these two distinct behaviors? Prior electromyographic (EMG) studies have identified fishes' ability to activate dorsal and ventral epaxial regions independently, but no studies have directly compared the intensity and spatial activation patterns between swimming and feeding. We measured EMG activity throughout the epaxial musculature during swimming (turning, sprinting, and fast-starts) and suction feeding (goldfish and pellet strikes) in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). We found that swimming involved obligate activation of ventral epaxial regions whereas suction feeding involved obligate activation of dorsal epaxial regions, suggesting regional specialization of the epaxial musculature. However, during fast-starts and suction feeding on live prey, bass routinely activated the whole epaxial musculature, demonstrating the dual function of this musculature in the highest performance behaviors. Activation intensities in suction feeding were substantially lower than fast-starts which, in conjunction with suboptimal shortening velocities, suggests that bass maximize axial muscle performance during locomotion and underutilize it for suction feeding.</p>
Figure 16 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 16. Ribs of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov. in anterior view: A, left rib 1; B, right rib 1; C, right rib 2; D, left rib 2; E, rib 3. Scale bar = 80 mm.
Figure 13 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 13. Basyhyal and thyrohyal of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, dorsal view; B, posterior view; C, basihyal in lateral view; D, thyrohyal in lateral view. Scale bar = 30 mm.
Figure 20 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 20. Comparison of the basihyal and thyrohyal in MSM1001x, Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov., in A, dorsal and B, posterior view; Mesoplodon bidens in C, dorsal and D, posterior view; USNM 593573, Phocoena phocoena in E, dorsal and F, posterior view; SNM CN1x, Grampus griseus in G, dorsal and H, posterior view. Bas., basihyal; Thy., thyrohyal. Scale bar = 30 mm.
Figure 12 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 12. Detail of the teeth categories of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov. Apical tusk in A, medial; B, lateral; C, dorsal view; subapical tusk in D, medial; E, lateral view; subapical teeth in F, H, J, medial and G, I, K, lateral view; sample of symphyseal/postsymphyseal teeth in L, N, P, medial and M, N, Q, lateral view; proximal teeth in R, T, medial and S, U, lateral view; V, W, X, corresponding drawings of respectively A, L, Q, T. Dotted lines correspond to tooth wear and occlusion wear facets. Scale bar = 10 mm.
Figure 9 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 9. Left tympanic of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, dorsal view; B, medial view; C, ventral view; D, lateral view; E–H, corresponding drawings. Scale bar = 20 mm.
Figure 6 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 6. Detail of the prenarial basin of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov., dorsal view. Compression-related fracturing caused part of the structure to be displaced backwards, thus leading to the artificial closure of the antorbital notch. White dotted lines delimit the suture lines. Scale bar = 50 mm.
Figure 4 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 4. Skull of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov., ventral view: A, cranium; B, rostrum; C and D with the corresponding labels. White dotted lines delimit the suture lines. Scale bar = 100 mm.
Figure 3 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 3. Skull of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov., dorsal view: A, cranium; B, rostrum; C and D with the corresponding labels. The vertex collapsed anterolaterally toward the left. White dotted lines delimit the suture lines. Scale bar = 100 mm.
Figure 5 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 5. Skull of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov., left lateral view: A, cranium; B, rostrum. Notice the dorsal part of the vertex facing laterally due to the deformation. Black dotted line delimits the prenarial basin on the cranium and the white dotted line delimits the premaxilla/maxilla suture along the rostrum. Scale bar = 100 mm.
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