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48 results for “Sugar metabolism”
Short-term consumption of sucralose with, but not without, carbohydrate impairs neural and metabolic sensitivity to sugar
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Physical, chemical, and metabolic leaf characteristics within sugar maple in the MELNHE study at Bartlett Experimental Forest, central NH USA, 2017
The MELNHE study looks at patterns of resource limitation through nutrient manipulations in three study sites in New Hampshire: Bartlett Experimental Forest, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, and Jeffers Brook, located in the White Mountain National Forest. The investigation is monitoring stem diameter, leaf area, sap flow, foliar chemistry, leaf litter production and chemistry, foliar nutrient resorption, root biomass and production, mycorrhizal associations, soil respiration, heterotrophic respiration, N and P availability, N mineralization, soil phosphatase activity, soil carbon and nitrogen, nutrient uptake capacity of roots, and mineral weathering. Applications of N and P began in June 2011 and continue at the rate of 30 kg N/ha/yr (as NH4NO3) and 10 kg P/ha/yr (as NaH2PO4). This data set includes physical, chemical, and metabolic leaf characteristics collected in a vertical transect within individual tree crowns. Because trees varied in crown depth, not all trees have the same number of samples collected. Depth from the top of the crown was measured and climbing ropes and a pole pruner were used to collect a population of leaves. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Differential impacts of calcium and aluminum treatments on foliar and sapwood nutrition and metabolism of sugar maple trees growing at the west edge of WS6 of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest from 1997-2009.
Plot levels Ca and Al additions study at WS6 BACKGROUD: To better evaluate the interaction of Ca depletion and Al mobilization on a northern hardwood forest, the Nutrient Perturbation (NuPert) study was initiated in 1995, west of the biogeochemical reference watershed (W6) at the HBEF (43.95411°N, 71.74779°W). The study area is on a south-facing slope, with an elevational range of 700–760 m, and most soils are classified as either Aquic Haplorthods or Aquic Haplumbredts (Halman et al. 22015 and references therein). Twelve sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) dominated plots (45 m × 45 m) were randomly assigned to one of three treatments (Ca addition, Al addition, or control (no addition)), yielding four replicates of each treatment in the study. In addition to sugar maple, American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) are co-occurring tree species in these plots, whereas hobblebush (Viburnum lantanoides Michx.) and striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.) dominate the understory. Treatments began in 1995 with annual CaCl2 (2.5 g·m−2) and AlCl3 (0.9 g·m−2) applications occurring each fall or spring during leafless periods. The use of CaCl2 was halted in 1999 in favor of a one-time application (38 g·m−2) of wollastonite (CaSiO3, a slow-release form of Ca). Thereafter, AlCl3 additions occurred in alternate years in fall or spring. Foliage was collected from sunlit branches in the upper to mid canopy dominant sugar maple trees. Five trees per plot of each group were selected for sampling in August 2008. There was an ice storm in 1998 at this site which might have interfered with this study findings. In 2009, tiny sapwood plugs were also collected. All the analyses were carried out using the procedures described under section A (Ca-supplementation study). SUMMARY: Acid deposition induced losses of calcium (Ca) from northeastern forests have had negative effects on forest health for decades, including the mobilization of potentiall
Data from: Model-assisted analysis of sugar metabolism throughout tomato fruit development reveals enzyme and carrier properties in relation to vacuole expansion
A kinetic model combining enzyme activity measurements and subcellular compartmentation was parameterized to fit the sucrose, hexose, and glucose-6-P contents of pericarp throughout tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit development. The model was further validated using independent data obtained from domesticated and wild tomato species and on transgenic lines. A hierarchical clustering analysis of the calculated fluxes and enzyme capacities together revealed stage-dependent features. Cell division was characterized by a high sucrolytic activity of the vacuole, whereas sucrose cleavage during expansion was sustained by both sucrose synthase and neutral invertase, associated with minimal futile cycling. Most importantly, a tight correlation between flux rate and enzyme capacity was found for fructokinase and PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase during cell division and for sucrose synthase, UDP-glucopyrophosphorylase, and phosphoglucomutase during expansion, thus suggesting an adaptation of enzyme abundance to metabolic needs. In contrast, for most enzymes, flux rates varied irrespectively of enzyme capacities, and most enzymes functioned at <5% of their maximal catalytic capacity. One of the major findings with the model was the high accumulation of soluble sugars within the vacuole together with organic acids, thus enabling the osmotic-driven vacuole expansion that was found during cell division.
The Effect of a High-fat vs. High-sugar Diet on Liver Fat Accumulation and Metabolism
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03145350. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect of Non-nutritive Sweeteners of High Sugar Sweetened Beverages on Metabolic Health and Gut Microbiome
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03259685. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Fat and Sugar Metabolism During Exercise in Patients With Metabolic Myopathy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02635269. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSB)- Effects on Metabolism
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01733563. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effects of Sugar Sweetened Beverage on Metabolic Health in Male and Female Adolescents
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02058914. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Adverse Metabolic Effects of Dietary Sugar
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02548767. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.
Effects of Antioxidant Sugar vs Granulated Sugar on Metabolic Outcomes in Healthy and Cardio Metabolic Subjects
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04737044. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Metabolic Effects of Consuming Sugar-Sweetened Beverages for Two Weeks
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01103921. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Changes in Sugar-sweetened Beverage Intake and Metabolic Health: Improving Metabolic Profile Very Effortlessly
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02585336. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: Model-assisted analysis of sugar metabolism throughout tomato fruit development reveals enzyme and carrier properties in relation to vacuole expansion
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Data from: Effects of chronic consumption of sugar-enriched diets on brain metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adult Yucatan Minipigs
Excessive sugar intake might increase the risk to develop eating disorders via an altered reward circuitry, but it remains unknown whether different sugar sources induce different neural effects and whether these effects are dependent from body weight. Therefore, we compared the effects of three high-fat and isocaloric diets varying only in their carbohydrate sources on brain activity of reward-related regions, and assessed whether brain activity is dependent on insulin sensitivity. Twenty-four minipigs underwent 18FDG PET brain imaging following 7-month intake of high-fat diets of which 20% in dry matter weight (36.3% of metabolisable energy) was provided by starch, glucose or fructose (n = 8 per diet). Animals were then subjected to a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to determine peripheral insulin sensitivity. After a 7-month diet treatment, all groups had substantial increases in body weight (from 36.02±0.85 to 63.33±0.81 kg; P<0.0001), regardless of the diet. All groups presented similar insulin sensitivity index (ISI = 1.39±0.10 mL·min-1·μUI·kg). Compared to starch, chronic exposure to fructose and glucose induced bilateral brain activations, i.e. increased basal cerebral glucose metabolism, in several reward-related brain regions including the anterior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, the caudate and putamen. The lack of differences in insulin sensitivity index and body weight suggests that the observed differences in basal brain glucose metabolism are not related to differences in peripheral insulin sensitivity and weight gain. The differences in basal brain metabolism in reward-related brain areas suggest the onset of cerebral functional alterations induced by chronic consumption of dietary sugars. Further studies should explore the underlying mechanisms, such as the availability of intestinal and brain sugar transporter, or the appearance of addictive-like behavioral correlates of these brain functional characteristics.
Fat and Sugar Metabolism During Exercise, With and Without L-carnitine in Patients With Carnitine Transporter Deficiency
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02226419. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Study of the Effect of Sitagliptin on Glucose (Sugar) Metabolism in Patients With Heart Failure
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00657280. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Effects of chronic consumption of sugar-enriched diets on brain metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adult Yucatan Minipigs
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Transcriptome profiling of non-islet metabolic tissues in ~500 DO mouse liver, adipose, heart, and skeletal muscle tissue from mice fed high-fat, high-sugar diet. [Liver]
GEO Series GSE266569. Mus musculus. 481 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal mechanisms of adaptation to salinity in which carbon and nitrogen metabolism is altered in sugar beet roots
GEO Series GSE114968. Beta vulgaris. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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