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71 results for “Sulphur”
iSDAsoil: soil extractable Sulphur for Africa predicted at 30 m resolution at 0-20 and 20-50 cm depths
<p>iSDAsoil dataset soil extractable Sulphur (S) log-transformed predicted at 30 m resolution for 0–20 and 20–50 cm depth intervals. Data has been projected in WGS84 coordinate system and compiled as <a href="https://gdal.org/drivers/raster/cog.html">COG</a>. Predictions have been generated using multi-scale Ensemble Machine Learning with 250 m (MODIS, PROBA-V, climatic variables and similar) and 30 m (DTM derivatives, Landsat, Sentinel-2 and similar) resolution covariates. For model training we use a pan-African compilations of soil samples and profiles (<a href="https://www.isda-africa.com/national-soil-services/">iSDA points</a>, <a href="https://www.isric.org/projects/africa-soil-profiles-database-afsp">AfSPDB</a>, and other national and regional soil datasets). Cite as:</p> <p>Hengl, T., Miller, M.A.E., Križan, J. <em>et al.</em> African soil properties and nutrients mapped at 30 m spatial resolution using two-scale ensemble machine learning. <em>Sci Rep</em> <strong>11, </strong>6130 (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85639-y">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85639-y</a></p> <p>To open the maps in QGIS and/or directly compute with them, please use the <a href="https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/africa-soil-and-agronomy-data-cube"><strong>Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFF version</strong></a>.</p> <p>Layer description:</p> <ul> <li>sol_log.s_mehlich3_m_30m_*..*cm_2001..2017_v0.13_wgs84.tif = predicted soil extractable Sulphur mean value,</li> <li>sol_log.s_mehlich3_md_30m_*..*cm_2001..2017_v0.13_wgs84.tif = predicted soil extractable Sulphur model (prediction) errors,</li> </ul> <p>Model errors were derived using bootstrapping: md is derived as standard deviation of individual learners from 5-fold cross-validation (using spatial blocking). The model 5-fold cross-validation (<a href="https://mlr.mlr-org.com/reference/makeStackedLearner.html">mlr::makeStackedLearner</a>) for this variable indicates:</p> <pre><code>Variable: log.s_mehlich3 R-square: 0.548 Fitted values sd: 0.423 RMSE: 0.384 Random forest model: Call: stats::lm(formula = f, data = d) Residuals: Min 1Q Median 3Q Max -2.5729 -0.2102 -0.0264 0.1694 5.0049 Coefficients: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) (Intercept) 1.459208 4.154229 0.351 0.725 regr.ranger 0.937179 0.016167 57.967 < 2e-16 *** regr.xgboost 0.002587 0.016252 0.159 0.874 regr.cubist 0.145396 0.010890 13.351 < 2e-16 *** regr.nnet -0.672062 1.796642 -0.374 0.708 regr.cvglmnet -0.045157 0.011256 -4.012 6.04e-05 *** --- Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1 Residual standard error: 0.3841 on 37530 degrees of freedom Multiple R-squared: 0.5481, Adjusted R-squared: 0.548 F-statistic: 9103 on 5 and 37530 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16</code></pre> <p>To back-transform values (y) to ppm use the following formula:</p> <pre><code>ppm = expm1( y / 10 )</code></pre> <p>To submit an issue or request support please visit <a href="https://isda-africa.com/isdasoil"><strong>https://isda-africa.com/isdasoil</strong></a></p>
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) emitted by Mount Etna on 4 March 2021
<p>Tracking volcanic Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) emitted by Mount Etna on 4 March 2021 that reached China with Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI data (<a href="https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/kunlun/news/124081/SO2-cloud-detected-in-the-area-of-Kunlun-volcano-Tibet-could-it-be-from-a-volcanic-eruption.html">Volcano Discovery article</a>).</p> <p> </p>
Wintertime subarctic new particle formation from Kola Peninsula sulphur emissions
<p><strong>Nitrate-ion (NO3-) chemical ionization (CI) </strong><strong>APi-TOF </strong><strong>masspectrometer and ion APi-TOF mass spectrometer data reported in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: </strong>Sipilä, M., Sarnela, N., Neitola, K., Laitinen, T., Kemppainen, D., Beck, L., Duplissy, E.-M., Kuittinen, S., Lehmusjärvi, T., Lampilahti, J., Kerminen, V.-M., Lehtipalo, K., Aalto, P. P., Keronen, P., Siivola, E., Rantala, P. A., Worsnop, D. R., Kulmala, M., Jokinen, T., and Petäjä, T.: Wintertime sub-arctic new particle formation from Kola Peninsula sulphur emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-1202, in review, 2021.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/0375de20-1ec1-4185-82f6-ec6eda9466a5/H2SO4_vs_time_FIG3-FIG4.dat">H2SO4_vs_time_FIG3-FIG4.dat</a> </p> <p>[Matlab time, measured sulfuric acid concentration] depicted in FIGs 3c and 4c of the above publication.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/0375de20-1ec1-4185-82f6-ec6eda9466a5/SA_MSA_IA_vs_time_FIG7.dat">SA_MSA_IA_vs_time_FIG7.dat</a></p> <p>[Matlab time, measured sulfuric acid concentration, measured methane sulphonic acid concentration, measured iodic acid concentration] depicted in FIG7e of the above publication</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/0375de20-1ec1-4185-82f6-ec6eda9466a5/ion_signals_vs_time_FIG7.dat">ion_signals_vs_time_FIG7.dat</a></p> <p>[Matlab time, ion signal of NO3-, ion signal of HSO4-, ion signal of H2SO4.HSO4-, ion signal of (H2SO4)2.HSO4-, ion signal of NH3.(H2SO4)3.HSO4-, ion signal of NH3.(H2SO4)4.HSO4-] depicted in FIG7f of the above publication</p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/0375de20-1ec1-4185-82f6-ec6eda9466a5/mass_defect_FIG9.dat">mass_defect_FIG9.dat</a></p> <p>[mass (Da), mass defect (Da), signal intensity (AU)] depicted in FIG9 of the above publication</p> <p>Rest of the data reported in the publication can be obtained from https://smear.avaa.csc.fi/</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Ultraviolet photoabsorption in the B³Σ⁻—X³Σ⁻ and C³Π—X³Σ⁻ band systems of SO sulphur isotopologues
<p>Supplementary data for: A. N. Heays, G. Stark, J. R. Lyons, N. de Oliveira, B. R. Lewis & S. T. Gibson (2022) Ultraviolet photoabsorption in the <em>B</em><sup>3</sup>Σ<sup>-</sup> − <em>X</em><sup>3</sup>Σ<sup>-</sup> and <em>C</em><sup>3</sup>Π − <em>X</em><sup>3</sup>Σ<sup>-</sup> band systems of SO sulphur isotopologues, Molecular Physics, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2022.2153092">10.1080/00268976.2022.2153092</a></p> <p>Preprint: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.05230</p> <p>The "hybrid" line lists and cross sections are recommended for application, in preference to the "experimental" and "model" versions.</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li><code>experimental_spectrum_*</code>: Raw experimental spectrum.</li> <li><code>experimental_vibrational_levels</code>: A list of fitted band-by-band or assumed molecular parameters for all electronic-vibrational levels contributing to the measured spectra.</li> <li><code>experimental_vibrational_linewidths</code>: A list of fitted band-by-band or assumed linewidths for electronic-vibrational levels contributing to the measured spectra.</li> <li><code>experimental_vibrational_spin_orbit_interactions</code>: A list of fitted band-by-band or assumed spin-orbit interactions mixing B- and C-state electronic-vibrational levels.</li> <li><code>experimental_vibrational_transition_moments</code>: A list of fitted band-by-band or assumed transition moments for all electronic-vibrational transitions contributing to the measured spectra.</li> <li><code>experimental_lines</code>: A list of line frequencies, intensities and widths fitted band-by-band to the measured spectra.</li> <li><code>experimental_rotational_levels</code>: A list of level energies and natural linewidths fitted band-by-band to the measured spectra.</li> <li><code>experimental_unassigned_lines</code>: Unassigned lines attributed to ³³S¹⁶O C(4)—X(0).</li> <li><code>model_lines</code>: A list of line frequencies and intensities computed from the global electronic-state model.</li> <li><code>hybrid_lines</code>: A list of line frequencies, intensities, widths, and upper-level nonradiative decay probabilities that combines data from lines fitted band-by-band to the experimental spectra and computed from a global electronic-state model.</li> <li><code>potential_energy_curve_B</code>: Potential-energy curve of a diabatic B-state fitted as part of a global electronic-state model.</li> <li><code>potential_energy_curve_C</code>: Potential-energy curve of a diabatic C-state fitted as part of a global electronic-state model.</li> <li><code>potential_energy_curve_X</code>: Potential-energy curve of the X ground state computed by the RKR method from data in Lattanzi, Cazzoli, and Puzzarini (Astrophy. J. 2015, 813:4).</li> <li><code>experimental_photoabsorption_cross_section_*</code>: Photoabsorption cross sections computed from <code>experimental_lines</code> for a range of isotopologues and temperature in hdf5 format.</li> <li><code>model_photoabsorption_cross_section_*</code>: Photoabsorption cross sections computed from <code>model_lines</code> for a range of isotopologues and temperature in hdf5 format.</li> <li><code>model_photodissociation_cross_section_*</code>: Photodissociation cross sections computed from <code>model_lines</code> for a range of isotopologues and temperature in hdf5 format.</li> <li><code>hybrid_photoabsorption_cross_section_*</code>: Photoabsorption cross sections computed from <code>hybrid_lines</code> for a range of isotopologues and temperature in hdf5 format.</li> <li><code>hybrid_photodissociation_cross_section_*</code>: Photodissociation cross sections computed from <code>hybrid_lines</code> for a range of isotopologues and temperature in hdf5 format</li> </ul>
Supplementary Information S1 - Detailed results of the CAPRI N-LCA and S2 - Quantification of the main N budget flows in the EU25 agriculture sector of Leip, A., Billen, G., Garnier, J., Grizzetti, B., Lassaletta, L., Reis, S., Simpson, D., Sutton, M. a, de Vries, W., Weiss, F., Westhoek, H. (2015). Impacts of European livestock production: nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and greenhouse gas emissions, land-use, water eutrophication and biodiversity. Environ. Res. Lett. 10, 115004. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/115004
<p>Table S1-1 Quantification of GHG and Nr flow intensities [kg CO2eq (kg product)<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>] or [g N (kg product)<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>] with the CAPRI N-LCA model for six main livestock products (BEEF: beef, PORK: pork, EGGS: eggs, POUM: poultry meat; DAIR: milk and dairy products, SGMP: meat from sheep and goats) and six main vegetable food groups (POTA: potatoes, SUGB: sugar beet before processing, OILP: oil seeds before processing; CERR: cereals, LEGU: leguminous crops) as well as other crops (OCRP) and aggregated livestock (ANIMP) and vegetable (CROPP) food. </p> <p>Table S2-1 Quantification of the main N budget flows in the EU25 agriculture sector</p>
Figure 19 in Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada)
Figure 19. Ctenacanthoidea incertae sedis 'genus A': dermal denticles and unidentified elements as preserved in specimen UALVP 46572. A and B, bar-like?skeletal elements and impressions of elements aligned among numerous small denticles (arrows). C, denticle, and a sketch of the denticle, with diverging ridges in the crown. Possibly, this is the denticle-type referred to as 'Palaeobates' by Schaeffer & Mangus (1976). D, thin section (UALVP 46572-T1) through one of the denticles, showing the osteodont pedicle and the mesial platform with orthodont prongs covered entirely with enameloid.
Figure 18 in Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada)
Figure 18. Morpho-histology of teeth (cf. Fig. 2). A, Wapitiodus aplopagus gen. et sp. nov.: an isolated tooth in labial view (holotype specimen TMP 97.74.10). B, Polyacrodontidae gen. et sp. indet.: vertical section through an isolated tooth, specimen TMP 88.98.51. Note that the root and most of the crown is osteodont. C–E, Polyacrodontidae gen. et sp. indet.: various scanning electron microscopy (SEM) magnifications of the SLE in specimen TMP 88.98.51 (white asterisks mark the same position in B–E). Abbreviations: ORT, orthodentine; OST, osteodentine; SLE, single layer enameloid.
Figure 16 in Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada)
Figure 16. Indetermined?Wapitiodus gen. nov.: almost complete anal fin as preserved in specimen UALVP 46534. Anterior is to the left.
Figure 15 in Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada)
Figure 15. Latex peel of the conodont Neospathodus homeri as found associated with the holotype UALVP 46531 of Wapitiodus homalorhizo sp. nov.
Figure 14 in Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada)
Figure 14. Wapitiodus homalorhizo sp. nov.: anterior (A, occlusal view) and posterior (B, labial view, partly as imprint) tooth as preserved in the holotype UALVP 46531. Arrows indicate (from left to right, top to bottom) the longitudinal crest, the labial peg, the asymmetric main cusp and the prominent ridges preserved as imprints.
Figure 13 in Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada)
Figure 13. Wapitiodus homalorhizo sp. nov.: photograph (A) and sketch (B) of holotype UALVP 46531. Shaded areas are broken off. See the Appendix for the abbreviations.
Figure 17 in Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada)
Figure 17. Wapitiodus aplopagus gen. et sp. nov. (specimen TMP 83.205.62): photograph (A) and drawing (B) of the partially preserved caudal fin showing the number and arrangement of?interventrals (iv) and radials (rad) in the tail. Anterior is to the left. See the Appendix for the abbreviations.
Figure 12 in Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada)
Figure 12. Wapitiodus aplopagus gen. et sp. nov. Slightly displaced dermal denticles, probably from the midtrunk region as preserved in specimen UALVP 46527. Anterior is to the right.
Figure 10 in Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada)
Figure 10. Wapitiodus aplopagus gen. et sp. nov. An isolated recurved denticle possibly shifted from the posterolateral wall (?) as discovered in a thin section of specimen UALVP 46529.
Figure 9 in Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada)
Figure 9. Wapitiodus aplopagus gen. et sp. nov.: morphologic variation of dermal denticles as found in various body regions in holotype TMP 97.74.10. A, dermal denticles from between the pelvic and anal fins. B, dermal denticles from the tip of the lower jaw. C, dermal denticles from the dorsal trunk area. D, dermal denticles from the tip of the anterior dorsal fin. E, dermal denticles from the mid-area of the posterior dorsal fin. F, dermal denticles from the anterior rim of the fin above the posterior dorsal fin spine. The denticles are not necessarily either in situ or orientated in the same way, see the text for the description. The shark was drawn by Beat Scheffold, PIMUZ.
Figure 11 in Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada)
Figure 11. Wapitiodus aplopagus gen. et sp. nov.: specimen UALVP 46529; photograph (A, dusted with NH4Cl) and sketch (B) of the anterior body preserved in a ventral view with pectoral fins, anterior fin spine and pelvic girdle. See the Appendix for the abbreviations.
Figure 7 in Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada)
Figure 7. Wapitiodus aplopagus gen. et sp. nov.: dorsal fins and fin spines of holotype TMP 97.74.10. Note that the posterior fin spine (A) is much more slender and more elongate than the anterior one (B).
Figure 6 in Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada)
Figure 6. Wapitiodus aplopagus gen. et sp. nov.: the?metapterygium is the only element of the pectoral girdle visibly preserved in the holotype TMP 97.74.10. See the text for a discussion.
Figure 5 in Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada)
Figure 5. Wapitiodus aplopagus gen. et sp. nov.: dentition of holotype TMP 97.74.10. A, close-up of a single tooth from (B); unicuspid teeth may occasionally reveal vestigial cusplets (arrowhead). B, anteriormost tooth files (7–10) with unicuspid teeth. C, lateral and distal (posterior) teeth lacking cusps. D, close-up of (C) showing the absence of a central cusp and the conspicuous transverse crenulations on tooth crowns.
Figure 4 in Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada)
Figure 4. Wapitiodus aplopagus gen. et sp. nov.: photograph (A) and drawing (B) of the skull of holotype TMP 97.74.10. See the Appendix for the abbreviations.
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