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2 results for “Surface water loss”
Surface water loss hotspots and areas of human pressure in Italy
<p>In Italy, surface water bodies are the main source of water withdrawals. However, growing human pressures are significantly changing surface water availability, gradually reducing its extent.</p> <p>We analyze the influence of human activities on surface water losses occurred in Italy between 1984 and 2021. To do so, we identify three areas of human pressure, i.e., regions of human activities that heavily rely on the use of surface water:</p> <ol> <li>Irrigated area (IRR);</li> <li>Built-up area (BUP), indicating areas of human settlements (urban and industrial areas);</li> <li>Anthropogenic area (ANT), indicating areas of either irrigation practices or human settlements.</li> </ol> <p>Here, we provide the datasets describing the spatial distribution of surface water loss (SWL), irrigated areas, built-up areas, and anthropogenic areas, and the land cover classification for 2021 across Italy (LC). Such datasets have been derived from remotely-sensed products. In particular, the location of SWL is determined using the Transitions layer of the Global Surface Water dataset (Pekel et al., 2016), whereas the maps of irrigated and built-up areas are obtained from the Corine Land Cover (CLC) 2018 dataset (EEA, 2018). Finally, the land cover map is extracted from the ESA WorldCover map (version 2) for the year 2021 (Zanaga et al., 2022).</p> <p>In the map of SWL, irrigated areas, built-up areas, and anthropogenic areas the value 1 indicates the presence of SWL or irrigated area or built-up area or anthropogenic area, respectively. The 2021 land cover map follows the classification system of the ESA WorldCover map (11 classes).</p> <p>References:</p> <p><em>Pekel, JF.; Cottam, A.; Gorelick, N.; Belward, A.S. (2016). High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes. Nature, 540, 418–422.</em></p> <p><em>European Union, Copernicus Land Monitoring Service 2018, European Environment Agency (EEA).</em></p> <p><em>Zanaga, D.; Van De Kerchove, R.; Daems, D.; De Keersmaecker, W.; Brockmann, C.; Kirches, G.; Wevers, J.; Cartus, O.; Santoro, M.; Fritz, S.; Lesiv, M.; Herold, M.; Tsendbazar, N.E.; Xu, P.; Ramoino, F.; Arino, O. ESA WorldCover 10 m 2021 v200, 2022.</em></p>
Surface Water Loss map and Urbanization map
<p>Surface water are severly affected by human activities, and here we defined two novel datasets, both derived from remote sensing data, to investigate the influence of urban areas on the spatial distribution of surface water loss locations across the watersheds in the United States: the Surface Water Loss map and the Urbanization map.</p> <p>The Surface Water Loss map is a binary map that identifies the geographical location of surface water depletion hotspots. It was obtained from the Surface Water Transitions layer of the Global Surface Water dataset (Pekel et al., 2016). Pixels values in the map are as follows: 0 = No surface water loss, 1 = Surface water loss hotspots.</p> <p>The Urbanization map is a binary map that shows the presence of built-up areas. It was generated from the GHS-BUILT layer from the Global Human Settlement dataset (Corbane et al., 2019). Pixels values in the map are as follows: 0 = No urban area, 1 = Urban area.<br><br><em>References:</em><br>Corbane et al. (2019). Automated global delineation of human settlements from 40 years of Landsat satellite data archives. Big Earth Data 3, 140-169, https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2019.1625528</p> <p>Pekel et al. (2016). High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes. Nature, 540, 418-422, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20584</p>
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