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324 results for “TS”
LAI_TS_Val: LAI time-series validation datasets in the 1-km pixel grid at global scale from 2001 to 2011
<p>Leaf area index (LAI), which is defined as one half of the total green leaf area per unit ground surface area, is a critical structural variable for quantifying the exchange processes of energy and matter between the land surface and atmosphere, it is thus identified as a key parameter in most terrestrial ecosystem models. To acquire long-term LAI records at the global scale, several remote sensing LAI products have been generated from various satellite sensors. However, assessing the uncertainties associated with these LAI products through comparisons with independent ground-truth measurements is pivotal for an effective application of products. Many sites from global networks have collected and provided invaluable ground LAI measurements covering a wide range of biome types and spatial variabilities. These site-based LAI measurements have been obtained about 30 years (1990-now). However, the spatial scale mismatch between site and pixel observations restricts the utilization of LAI measurements for product time-series validation. This datasets were generated from site-based LAI measurements of FLUXET and Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN), using the proposed GUGM (Grading and Upscaling of Ground Measurements) method to resolve the scale-mismatch issue between site and sensor observations and maximize the utility of time-series of site-based LAI measurements, which can achieve the goal of product time-series validation. This GUGM approach first ingests both high-resolution images and site-based LAI measurements to capture the spatiotemporal variability in the product pixel grid. Then, a strategy was employed to grade the spatial representativeness of LAI measurements in the product pixel grid. For those LAI measurements which cannot be directly used in the validation of products, a strategy was adopted to calculate the spatial upscaling coefficient based on site-based LAI measurements and aggregated high-resolution reference maps to derive reliable LAI time-series validation datasets. The GUGM method has been applied to the site-based LAI measurements to generate global time-series LAI validation datasets from 2001 to 2011 in the 1 km pixel grid. The datasets include 28 sites which are mainly located in North America and Asia, providing 924 validation data in total. Among these sites, 16 sites with 508 (55.0%) validation data were obtained for forest, while 11 sites with 341 (36.9%) validation data and one site with 75 (8.1%) were obtained for crops and grasses, respectively. This datasets were saved in two formats: *.xls and *.kmz and each format was zipped for 63 KB and 31 KB, respectively.</p>
Data of TwoStream-EQT (TS-EQT) models
<p>Data and updated results associated with TwoStream-EQT models for microseismic phase detection and picking</p>
High-frequency wind (u, w, v, Ts) and gas concentration measurements of CO2 and H2O over an agricultural field in Braunschweig, Germany
<p>This dataset contains high-frequency eddy covariance (EC) measurements over a flat agricultural field at the Thünen Institute in Braunschweig, Germany (52.30° N, 10.45° E).</p> <p>The data collection period spanned <strong>77 days </strong>in the year 2020 split into three files</p> <p> </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>BS2020_06.rds</td> <td>June 11 to July 15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BS2020_10.rds</td> <td>October 1 to November 10</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BS_2020_07_subset.rds</td> <td>July 11 to July 25</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>Included in the dataset are 3D wind velocity data, recorded using a uSonic-3 Class A sonic anemometer from Metek GmbH. Additionally, the dataset provides gas concentration measurements for carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O), captured using an LI-7500A open-path infra-red gas analyzer from LI-COR Biosciences GmbH, Germany.</p> <p>Variables in the dataset</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <th>Variable Name</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Units</th> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td>time</td> <td>Unique time stamp (POSIXct format)</td> <td>Seconds since Unix epoch</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CO2</td> <td>Wet molar density of carbon dioxide</td> <td>µmol m⁻³</td> </tr> <tr> <td>H2O</td> <td>Wet molar density of water vapor</td> <td>mmol m⁻³</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ts</td> <td>Sonic temperature</td> <td>Kelvin</td> </tr> <tr> <td>u, v, w</td> <td>3D wind velocity components</td> <td>m s⁻¹</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p> </p> <div> <div> <div> <p>The dataset is in RDS format (version 3), compatible with R version 3.5.0 or higher.</p> <p>RDS is a binary file format native to the R programming environment</p> </div> </div> </div>
Multi-scale sea ice kinematics modeling dataset with a tripolar grid hierarchy (TS grids) in CESM
<p>1. We design a new tripolar grid generation method for global ocean-sea ice modeling. The generated grid is orthogonal and compatible with ocean and sea ice models. A hierarchy of ocean-sea ice model grid is constructed and incorporated in CESM by using the grid generation method. The generated tripolar grids are regarded as TS045, TS015 and TS005, with the nominal resolution of 0.45<sup>o </sup>(800x560), 0.15<sup>o</sup> (2400x1680) and 0.05<sup>o </sup>(7200x5040), respectively. The resolution range for the grid hierarchy covers climate modeling to sub-mesoscale capable for ocean modeling.</p> <p>2. Atmosphere forced simulations based on CESM D-type experiments are carried out for TS grid. Both TS045 and TS015 experiments start with no sea ice, integrate for 42 years. TS005 starts from the equilibrium state of TS015 result (36 year), runs for another 7 years.</p> <p>3. TS0*.grid files include necessary grid information, such as grid latitude, longitude, etc. TS0*.kmt files denote the deepest level at each grid location. Bilinear interpolators from TS grid to atmosphere T62 grid are provided with map*.nc files. The model outputs at year 42 are provided with T*.nc files. The last two kinds of netcdf files are compressed with Linux command "gzip".</p>
Þekil1. Cicadatra persicaÕda erkek reme organÝ Ts.: Testis Vd.: Vas deferens Yd.b.: YardÝmcÝ bez Ejb.: Bulbus ejaculatorius Ejb: Ductus ejaculatorius in An Investigation on the Morphology of Genital Organs and Oviposition Capacit of Cicadatra persica Kirkaldy, 1909 (Cicadidae, Homoptera)
Þekil1. Cicadatra persicaÕda erkek Ÿreme organÝ Ts.: Testis Vd.: Vas deferens Yd.b.: YardÝmcÝ bez Ejb.: Bulbus ejaculatorius Ejb: Ductus ejaculatorius
Text-fig. 10. Platanoxylon cf. haydenii, a, e, h: UF 279-34470; b, c, d, f g: UF 279-34469. a, b: Diffuse porous wood with vessels solitary and in small multiples, which are mostly tangential or oblique, diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma., TS. c–e: Scalariform perforation plates. f, g: Opposite intervessel pits, TLS. h: Two size classes of rays, TLS. Platanus sp., UF 279- 24552. i: Predominantly solitary vessels, diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates parenchyma, growth ring boundary distinct, noded rays, TS. j: Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. k: Body of ray with procumbent ray cells, RLS. l: Scalariform perforation plate, RLS. m: Rays of two sizes, wide rays>10-seriate, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, h, i, m; 100 µm in j, k: 50 µm in c, d, e, f, l. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 10. Platanoxylon cf. haydenii, a, e, h: UF 279-34470; b, c, d, f g: UF 279-34469. a, b: Diffuse porous wood with vessels solitary and in small multiples, which are mostly tangential or oblique, diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma., TS. c–e: Scalariform perforation plates. f, g: Opposite intervessel pits, TLS. h: Two size classes of rays, TLS. Platanus sp., UF 279- 24552. i: Predominantly solitary vessels, diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates parenchyma, growth ring boundary distinct, noded rays, TS. j: Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. k: Body of ray with procumbent ray cells, RLS. l: Scalariform perforation plate, RLS. m: Rays of two sizes, wide rays>10-seriate, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, h, i, m; 100 µm in j, k: 50 µm in c, d, e, f, l.
Text-fig. 11. Acer Post Hammer species 1, UF 279-34456. a, b: Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings, marked by marginal parenchyma, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, TS. c: Crowded alternate intervessel pits, TLS. d: Simple perforation plates, helical thickenings in vessel elements, TLS. e: Rays 2–3-seriate, gum deposit in vessel element, TLS. Acer Post Hammer species 2. UF 279-34466. f: Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings, marked by marginal parenchyma, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, TS. g: Alternate intervessel pits, helical thickenings in vessel elements, TLS. h: Rays 1–4(–5)-seriate, TLS. i: Crystalliferous strand, multiseriate ray, TLS. Trochodendron beckii, UF 279-24558. j, k: Distinct growth rings, abrupt transition from earlywood to latewood, vesselless, wide rays noded at growth ring boundaries, TS. l: Rays of two distinct sizes, uniseriate and multiseriates>10-seriate, TLS. m. Scalariform intertracheary pits. RLS. Scale bars: 500 µm in j; 200 µm in a, f, k, l; 100 µm in b, h; 50 µm in c, d, e, g, i, m. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 11. Acer Post Hammer species 1, UF 279-34456. a, b: Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings, marked by marginal parenchyma, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, TS. c: Crowded alternate intervessel pits, TLS. d: Simple perforation plates, helical thickenings in vessel elements, TLS. e: Rays 2–3-seriate, gum deposit in vessel element, TLS. Acer Post Hammer species 2. UF 279-34466. f: Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings, marked by marginal parenchyma, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, TS. g: Alternate intervessel pits, helical thickenings in vessel elements, TLS. h: Rays 1–4(–5)-seriate, TLS. i: Crystalliferous strand, multiseriate ray, TLS. Trochodendron beckii, UF 279-24558. j, k: Distinct growth rings, abrupt transition from earlywood to latewood, vesselless, wide rays noded at growth ring boundaries, TS. l: Rays of two distinct sizes, uniseriate and multiseriates>10-seriate, TLS. m. Scalariform intertracheary pits. RLS. Scale bars: 500 µm in j; 200 µm in a, f, k, l; 100 µm in b, h; 50 µm in c, d, e, g, i, m.
Text-fig. 9. Wataria kvacekii sp. nov., UF 279-24556. a: Wood ring-porous, earlywood with 2–3 rows of wide pores, vessels solitary and in radial multiples of 2, axial parenchyma scanty vasicentric and some apotracheal diffuse-in-aggregates, TS. b: Series of vessel elements with simple perforations, axial parenchyma strands adjacent to vessels, RLS. c: Alternate intervessel pitting, vessel element end walls horizontal, RLS. d: Vessel-axial parenchyma pitting similar to intervessel pitting, RLS. e, f: Rays with tile cells, storied axial parenchyma, some strands chambered crystalliferous, TLS. g: Detail of ray, TLS. h: Storied imperforate elements. Scale bars: 200 µm in a; 100 µm in b, e; 50 µm in c, d, f, h; 20 µm in g. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 9. Wataria kvacekii sp. nov., UF 279-24556. a: Wood ring-porous, earlywood with 2–3 rows of wide pores, vessels solitary and in radial multiples of 2, axial parenchyma scanty vasicentric and some apotracheal diffuse-in-aggregates, TS. b: Series of vessel elements with simple perforations, axial parenchyma strands adjacent to vessels, RLS. c: Alternate intervessel pitting, vessel element end walls horizontal, RLS. d: Vessel-axial parenchyma pitting similar to intervessel pitting, RLS. e, f: Rays with tile cells, storied axial parenchyma, some strands chambered crystalliferous, TLS. g: Detail of ray, TLS. h: Storied imperforate elements. Scale bars: 200 µm in a; 100 µm in b, e; 50 µm in c, d, f, h; 20 µm in g.
Text-fig. 8. Pterocaryoxylon sp., a–c, e: UF 279-85024; d, f: UF 279-24551. a, b: Wood semi-ring-porous, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, axial parenchyma scanty vasicentric, marginal, and in narrow lines, TS. c: Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, simple perforation plate (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-axial parenchyma pitting similar to intervessel pitting, RLS. e: Rays mostly 1–3 cells wide, occasionally 4 cells, uniseriate rays probably mostly square to upright cells, TLS. f: Rays heterocellular, body cells procumbent. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b; 100 µm in e, f; 50 µm in c; 20 µm in d. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 8. Pterocaryoxylon sp., a–c, e: UF 279-85024; d, f: UF 279-24551. a, b: Wood semi-ring-porous, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, axial parenchyma scanty vasicentric, marginal, and in narrow lines, TS. c: Crowded alternate intervessel pitting, simple perforation plate (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-axial parenchyma pitting similar to intervessel pitting, RLS. e: Rays mostly 1–3 cells wide, occasionally 4 cells, uniseriate rays probably mostly square to upright cells, TLS. f: Rays heterocellular, body cells procumbent. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b; 100 µm in e, f; 50 µm in c; 20 µm in d.
Text-fig. 7. Hamamelidoxylon crystalliferum sp. nov., UF 279-34464. a: Diffuse porous wood with exclusively solitary vessels, tending to be angular in outline, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, marked by radially narrowed fibers, latewood vessels narrower than earlywood vessels of the next ring, fibers thick-walled, no axial parenchyma visible, TS. c: Scalariform intervessel pits in narrow vessel (left), fibers with distinctly bordered pits, TLS. d: Scalariform perforation plate, tyloses (T) formation from marginal ray cell, TLS. e: Scalariform perforation plates with fewer than 15 bars (PP), RLS. f: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 7. Hamamelidoxylon crystalliferum sp. nov., UF 279-34464. a: Diffuse porous wood with exclusively solitary vessels, tending to be angular in outline, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, marked by radially narrowed fibers, latewood vessels narrower than earlywood vessels of the next ring, fibers thick-walled, no axial parenchyma visible, TS. c: Scalariform intervessel pits in narrow vessel (left), fibers with distinctly bordered pits, TLS. d: Scalariform perforation plate, tyloses (T) formation from marginal ray cell, TLS. e: Scalariform perforation plates with fewer than 15 bars (PP), RLS. f: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with
Text-fig. 5. Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii sp. nov., UF 279-24544. a, b: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in a radial/ diagonal arrangement, diffuse axial parenchyma, TS. c: Homocellular rays composed of procumbent cells; vasicentric tracheids; vessel elements with simple perforation plates (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders, vertical, RLS. e: Crystalliferous axial parenchyma strand (C) with a single crystal per chamber; ray with procumbent cells, RLS. f: Aggregate ray (right) composed of loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, TLS. g: Uniseriate rays, thin-walled tyloses in vessels, vasicentric tracheids (VT). Lithocarpoxylon sp., UF 279-84864. h, i: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in radial arrangement. j: Aggregate ray and uniseriate rays. k: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars. l: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, vertical. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, f, h, j; 100 µm in c, i; 50 µm in d. e; 20 µm in k, l. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 5. Lithocarpoxylon ashwillii sp. nov., UF 279-24544. a, b: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in a radial/ diagonal arrangement, diffuse axial parenchyma, TS. c: Homocellular rays composed of procumbent cells; vasicentric tracheids; vessel elements with simple perforation plates (PP), TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits (VRP) with reduced borders, vertical, RLS. e: Crystalliferous axial parenchyma strand (C) with a single crystal per chamber; ray with procumbent cells, RLS. f: Aggregate ray (right) composed of loosely associated 1–2-seriate rays, TLS. g: Uniseriate rays, thin-walled tyloses in vessels, vasicentric tracheids (VT). Lithocarpoxylon sp., UF 279-84864. h, i: Semi-ring porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels in radial arrangement. j: Aggregate ray and uniseriate rays. k: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars. l: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits with reduced borders to simple, vertical. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, f, h, j; 100 µm in c, i; 50 µm in d. e; 20 µm in k, l.
Text-fig. 1. Pistacia terrazasae sp. nov., a: UF 279-85025; b–i: UF 279-24545. a: Ring-porous wood with widely spaced solitary earlywood vessels; latewood vessels in radial multiples of 4 or more and in clusters, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, fiber walls thin to thick, TS. c: Simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pits, helical thickenings in vessels, TLS. d: Multiseriate rays to 4-seriate, tyloses in vessels, helical thickenings throughout body of vessel element, and alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. e: Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, oval in outline, RLS. f: Marginal row of upright cells, one inflated and crystalliferous, procumbent body cells, RLS. g: Multiseriate rays mostly 3-seriate, occasionally 4-seriate, uniseriate rays usually <10 cells tall, TLS. h: Ray with enlarged crystalliferous marginal cell, to left of C, TLS. i: Ray with canal, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, g; 100 µm in b, d, h; 50 µm in c, i; 20 µm in e, f. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 1. Pistacia terrazasae sp. nov., a: UF 279-85025; b–i: UF 279-24545. a: Ring-porous wood with widely spaced solitary earlywood vessels; latewood vessels in radial multiples of 4 or more and in clusters, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, fiber walls thin to thick, TS. c: Simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pits, helical thickenings in vessels, TLS. d: Multiseriate rays to 4-seriate, tyloses in vessels, helical thickenings throughout body of vessel element, and alternate intervessel pitting, TLS. e: Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders, oval in outline, RLS. f: Marginal row of upright cells, one inflated and crystalliferous, procumbent body cells, RLS. g: Multiseriate rays mostly 3-seriate, occasionally 4-seriate, uniseriate rays usually <10 cells tall, TLS. h: Ray with enlarged crystalliferous marginal cell, to left of C, TLS. i: Ray with canal, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, g; 100 µm in b, d, h; 50 µm in c, i; 20 µm in e, f.
Text-fig. 4. Fagus dodgei sp. nov., a, b, d–h: UF 279-34468; c: UF 279-30165. a: Wood diffuse-porous to semi-ring-porous with distinct latewood zone with narrower vessels; vessels solitary and in short multiples; diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma visible in latewood, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, TS. c: Opposite intervessel pitting, TLS. d: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars, RLS. e: Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. f: Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders and frequently oval in outline, RLS. g: Rays 1–4(–5)-seriate with variable numbers of marginal rows, TLS. h: Rays of two distinct sizes, widest rays>10-seriate, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, h; 100 µm in b, e, g; 50 µm in d, f. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 4. Fagus dodgei sp. nov., a, b, d–h: UF 279-34468; c: UF 279-30165. a: Wood diffuse-porous to semi-ring-porous with distinct latewood zone with narrower vessels; vessels solitary and in short multiples; diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma visible in latewood, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, TS. c: Opposite intervessel pitting, TLS. d: Scalariform perforation plate with fewer than 10 bars, RLS. e: Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. f: Vessel-ray parenchyma pitting with reduced borders and frequently oval in outline, RLS. g: Rays 1–4(–5)-seriate with variable numbers of marginal rows, TLS. h: Rays of two distinct sizes, widest rays>10-seriate, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, h; 100 µm in b, e, g; 50 µm in d, f.
Text-fig. 2. Celtis popsii sp. nov., UF 279-34460. a: Growth ring with earlywood of multiple rows of vessels solitary and in radial multiples; latewood vessels in wavy tangential bands, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, latewood vessels in multiples with axial parenchyma confluent, TS. c: Simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits to right of VRP, oval in outline, with slightly reduced borders, RLS. e: Rays tending to two sizes, some multiseriate rays with distinct sheath cells, multiseriate rays usually with 1 marginal row of square to upright cells, occasionally with 4 or more; uniseriate rays less than 10 cells high, TLS. f: Detail of multiseriate ray with distinct sheath cells, vessel element end walls, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, e; 100 µm in b; 50 µm in c, f; 20 µm in d. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 2. Celtis popsii sp. nov., UF 279-34460. a: Growth ring with earlywood of multiple rows of vessels solitary and in radial multiples; latewood vessels in wavy tangential bands, TS. b: Growth ring boundary, latewood vessels in multiples with axial parenchyma confluent, TS. c: Simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pits, polygonal in outline, TLS. d: Vessel-ray parenchyma pits to right of VRP, oval in outline, with slightly reduced borders, RLS. e: Rays tending to two sizes, some multiseriate rays with distinct sheath cells, multiseriate rays usually with 1 marginal row of square to upright cells, occasionally with 4 or more; uniseriate rays less than 10 cells high, TLS. f: Detail of multiseriate ray with distinct sheath cells, vessel element end walls, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, e; 100 µm in b; 50 µm in c, f; 20 µm in d.
Text-fig. 3. Cercidiphyllum cf. alalongum R.A.SCOTT et E.A.WHEELER, UF 279-24543. a, b: Diffuse-porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels, axial parenchyma rare, thick-walled fibers, TS. c: Scalariform perforation plate with more than 30 bars, RLS. d: Helical thickenings (HT) in vessel element tip, RLS. e: Opposite to scalariform intervessel pits, RLS. f, g: Heterocellular rays 1–2 cells wide, occasionally uniseriate and biseriate portions of similar width, TLS. h: Ray with alternating rows of procumbent and upright (-square) cells, RLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a; 100 µm in b, f; 50 µm in c, g, h; 20 µm in d, e. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa
Text-fig. 3. Cercidiphyllum cf. alalongum R.A.SCOTT et E.A.WHEELER, UF 279-24543. a, b: Diffuse-porous wood, exclusively solitary vessels, axial parenchyma rare, thick-walled fibers, TS. c: Scalariform perforation plate with more than 30 bars, RLS. d: Helical thickenings (HT) in vessel element tip, RLS. e: Opposite to scalariform intervessel pits, RLS. f, g: Heterocellular rays 1–2 cells wide, occasionally uniseriate and biseriate portions of similar width, TLS. h: Ray with alternating rows of procumbent and upright (-square) cells, RLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a; 100 µm in b, f; 50 µm in c, g, h; 20 µm in d, e.
Text-fig. 16. Photomicrographs of thin sections of specimen BP/16/1734, Terminalioxylon mozambicense sp. nov. from Mhengere Hill, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: TS with round vessels, scanty paratracheal to vasicentric parenchyma, diffuse and narrow terminal or initial bands; b: TS at higher magnification, note the very narrow rays; c: TLS, vessels with small alternate pits, and partly tylosed; d–g: TLS with crystals (small white arrows) in the parenchyma cells, medium to thick-walled fibres and uniseriate, low rays; h: TLS, rays up to 20 cells high; i: RLS rays with procumbent body cells and 1–2 rows of marginal upright cells. in Stratigraphy, Chronology And Palaeontology Of The Tertiary Rocks Of The Cheringoma Plateau, Mozambique
Text-fig. 16. Photomicrographs of thin sections of specimen BP/16/1734, Terminalioxylon mozambicense sp. nov. from Mhengere Hill, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: TS with round vessels, scanty paratracheal to vasicentric parenchyma, diffuse and narrow terminal or initial bands; b: TS at higher magnification, note the very narrow rays; c: TLS, vessels with small alternate pits, and partly tylosed; d–g: TLS with crystals (small white arrows) in the parenchyma cells, medium to thick-walled fibres and uniseriate, low rays; h: TLS, rays up to 20 cells high; i: RLS rays with procumbent body cells and 1–2 rows of marginal upright cells.
Text-fig. 15. Photomicrographs of thin sections of holotype BP/16/1738, Sorindeioxylon gorongosense gen. et sp. nov. from Muaredzi site 5, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: TS, note the irregularly spaced and very narrow bands of parenchyma and mostly solitary vessel elements; b: TS at higher magnification with narrow rays; c: radial longitudinal section (RLS), rather oblique but shows the alternate, small-to-medium inter-vessel pits; d: tangential longitudinal section (TLS), rays are 1–3 cells wide but maintain the same width. Small arrow towards the right hand ray indicates a prismatic crystal in the ray cell; e: TLS rays with fibres in between; f: RLS showing mixed ray cells (upright, square and procumbent) poorly preserved. in Stratigraphy, Chronology And Palaeontology Of The Tertiary Rocks Of The Cheringoma Plateau, Mozambique
Text-fig. 15. Photomicrographs of thin sections of holotype BP/16/1738, Sorindeioxylon gorongosense gen. et sp. nov. from Muaredzi site 5, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: TS, note the irregularly spaced and very narrow bands of parenchyma and mostly solitary vessel elements; b: TS at higher magnification with narrow rays; c: radial longitudinal section (RLS), rather oblique but shows the alternate, small-to-medium inter-vessel pits; d: tangential longitudinal section (TLS), rays are 1–3 cells wide but maintain the same width. Small arrow towards the right hand ray indicates a prismatic crystal in the ray cell; e: TLS rays with fibres in between; f: RLS showing mixed ray cells (upright, square and procumbent) poorly preserved.
Text-fig. 14. Photomicrographs of thin sections of specimen BP/16/1732 Palmoxylon dutoitii from Mhengere Hill, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: transverse section (TS) with four fibre vascular bundles (fvb) and poorly preserved parenchyma between; b: diagram of one of the fvbs in (a) of the reniform type (f – fibres, mx – metaxylum, p – phloem, px – protoxylum); c: close up of the vascular part of a fvb with 2 metaxylem elements and the collapsed cells to the lower left represents the phloem; d: fvb with 2 metaxylem elements, fibrous part to the left and parencymarous ground tissue to the right; e: lower magnification of fvb in (c); f: fvb with three metaxylem elements and phloem patch below; g: longitudinal section (LS) showing the vascular sections alternating with the fibrous sections; h: LS showing the horizontal thickening on the walls of the metaxylem vessels and a patch of parenchyma to the right (darker cells); i: spheroid echinate phytoliths that are typical of Hyphaene and Borassus. in Stratigraphy, Chronology And Palaeontology Of The Tertiary Rocks Of The Cheringoma Plateau, Mozambique
Text-fig. 14. Photomicrographs of thin sections of specimen BP/16/1732 Palmoxylon dutoitii from Mhengere Hill, Gorongosa, Mozambique. a: transverse section (TS) with four fibre vascular bundles (fvb) and poorly preserved parenchyma between; b: diagram of one of the fvbs in (a) of the reniform type (f – fibres, mx – metaxylum, p – phloem, px – protoxylum); c: close up of the vascular part of a fvb with 2 metaxylem elements and the collapsed cells to the lower left represents the phloem; d: fvb with 2 metaxylem elements, fibrous part to the left and parencymarous ground tissue to the right; e: lower magnification of fvb in (c); f: fvb with three metaxylem elements and phloem patch below; g: longitudinal section (LS) showing the vascular sections alternating with the fibrous sections; h: LS showing the horizontal thickening on the walls of the metaxylem vessels and a patch of parenchyma to the right (darker cells); i: spheroid echinate phytoliths that are typical of Hyphaene and Borassus.
◂Fig. 6 Gynoecial development, fruit and seedling of C. crenata %yellow frames), C. cf. grandicalyx %blue frames) and C. sinensis %pink frames; A–F light microscopy, G–K stereo microscopy of endocarp, mesocarp removed; L–O field images; TS in horizontal orientation). A, B TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and strongly stained, peripheral tissue). C, D TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). E Young fruit %note developing endocarp and flashily pink portions of the mesocarp). F TS of postanthetic flower %note three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). G TS of endocarp, with three developed embryos removed %note scanty endosperm). H Endocarp. J TS of endocarp. K Endocarp. L Immature fruits. M Mature fruits. N Seedlings %note short hypocotyl and long petioles of cotyledons). O Seedlings %note long hypocotyl and short petioles of cotyledons; image taken from cultivated plant, accession number 2012–0005, in the Botanical Garden Munich) %LS, longisection; TS, transverse section; ao, abortive ovule; cot, cotyledon; db, dorsal bundle; c, calyx; ec, endocarp; ens, endosperm; ex, exocarp; fr, fruit; h, hypocotyl; int, integument; lb, lateral bundle; mc, mesocarp; o, ovule; pet, petiolus; sty, style; ut, peripheral tissue; vs, ventral slit) in Observations on flower and fruit anatomy in dioecious species of Cordia (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) with evolutionary interpretations
◂Fig. 6 Gynoecial development, fruit and seedling of C. crenata %yellow frames), C. cf. grandicalyx %blue frames) and C. sinensis %pink frames; A–F light microscopy, G–K stereo microscopy of endocarp, mesocarp removed; L–O field images; TS in horizontal orientation). A, B TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and strongly stained, peripheral tissue). C, D TS of anthetic flower %note two to three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). E Young fruit %note developing endocarp and flashily pink portions of the mesocarp). F TS of postanthetic flower %note three abortive ovules and lignifying portions of prospective mesocarp). G TS of endocarp, with three developed embryos removed %note scanty endosperm). H Endocarp. J TS of endocarp. K Endocarp. L Immature fruits. M Mature fruits. N Seedlings %note short hypocotyl and long petioles of cotyledons). O Seedlings %note long hypocotyl and short petioles of cotyledons; image taken from cultivated plant, accession number 2012–0005, in the Botanical Garden Munich) %LS, longisection; TS, transverse section; ao, abortive ovule; cot, cotyledon; db, dorsal bundle; c, calyx; ec, endocarp; ens, endosperm; ex, exocarp; fr, fruit; h, hypocotyl; int, integument; lb, lateral bundle; mc, mesocarp; o, ovule; pet, petiolus; sty, style; ut, peripheral tissue; vs, ventral slit)
◂Fig. 4 Gynoecium of C. crenata %yellow frames), C. cf. grandicalyx %blue frames) and C. sinensis %pink frames; A–R light microscopy; TS in horizontal orientation). A Secantial section. B, C TS %note cellular organisation). D Secantial section. E, F TS %note cellular organisation). G Secantial section of young gynoecium showing cellular organisation. H–J TS %note lacking cellular organisation, localisation in K–M). K–M LS at different levels from outside to inside of the same specimen %note strongly stained peripheral tissue; asterisks indicate tissue illustrated in H–J). N TS %note dehiscence lines of the prospective endocarp). O, P TS showing transmission tissue and dorsal bundles at top of style. Q vascularisation at base of gynoecium %note strongly stained peripheral tissue). R Vascularisation at base of flower %LS, longisection; TS, transverse section; db, dorsal bundle; dl, dehiscent line; ep, epidermis; lb, lateral bundle; tt, transmission tissue; ut, peripheral tissue; vb, ventral bundle; vs, ventral slit) in Observations on flower and fruit anatomy in dioecious species of Cordia (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) with evolutionary interpretations
◂Fig. 4 Gynoecium of C. crenata %yellow frames), C. cf. grandicalyx %blue frames) and C. sinensis %pink frames; A–R light microscopy; TS in horizontal orientation). A Secantial section. B, C TS %note cellular organisation). D Secantial section. E, F TS %note cellular organisation). G Secantial section of young gynoecium showing cellular organisation. H–J TS %note lacking cellular organisation, localisation in K–M). K–M LS at different levels from outside to inside of the same specimen %note strongly stained peripheral tissue; asterisks indicate tissue illustrated in H–J). N TS %note dehiscence lines of the prospective endocarp). O, P TS showing transmission tissue and dorsal bundles at top of style. Q vascularisation at base of gynoecium %note strongly stained peripheral tissue). R Vascularisation at base of flower %LS, longisection; TS, transverse section; db, dorsal bundle; dl, dehiscent line; ep, epidermis; lb, lateral bundle; tt, transmission tissue; ut, peripheral tissue; vb, ventral bundle; vs, ventral slit)
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.