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Fig. 11 in Tectonic history and the biogeography of the freshwater fishes from the coastal drainages of eastern Brazil: an example of faunal evolution associated with a divergent continental margin

Fig. 11. (a) The main axes of Quaternary tectonics in Brazil (gray lines) (according to Saadi, 1993) and areas of coincident distributional rages of several species in both isolated coastal rivers and adjacent drainages. (b) The northeastern margin of Brazil, including the Parnaíba, São Francisco and adjacent coastal rivers (c) The Southern most Brazil, encompassing the Uruguay and surroundings coastal rivers as well as the headwaters of the Paranapanema, Ivaí, Iguacú and Ribeira de Iguape. (d) The area encompassed by the CRSB, in southeastern Brazil, including the coastal rivers and the adjacent upper Tietê and upper Iguaçu.

Fig. 4 in Tectonic history and the biogeography of the freshwater fishes from the coastal drainages of eastern Brazil: an example of faunal evolution associated with a divergent continental margin

Fig. 4. Geographic location of the Brazilian Atlantic continental margin and of the coastal drainages of eastern Brazil (shaded area) and areas showed in figures 6, 7 and 8 (modified from Hearn et al., 2000).

Fig. 9 in Tectonic history and the biogeography of the freshwater fishes from the coastal drainages of eastern Brazil: an example of faunal evolution associated with a divergent continental margin

Fig. 9. Cladograms of taxa and areas showing the sister-group relationships included in Pattern A. a) Catfishes of the family Trichomycteridae. b) Catfishes of the family Doradidae. The degree of inclusiveness of this pattern suggests the most ancient cladogenetic event that is still recognized in respect to the ichthyofauna of the Brazilian coastal rivers.

Fig. 7 in Tectonic history and the biogeography of the freshwater fishes from the coastal drainages of eastern Brazil: an example of faunal evolution associated with a divergent continental margin

Fig. 7. (a) Map of northeastern segment of Southeastern Brazilian coast showing the complex system of Pre-Cambrian and Mesozoic continental rifts controlling drainage and topography. (b) Detail of the straight course of the rio Paraíba do Sul Rift Valley produced from a digital elevation model by radar interferometry (NASA, The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission).

Fig. 3 in Tectonic history and the biogeography of the freshwater fishes from the coastal drainages of eastern Brazil: an example of faunal evolution associated with a divergent continental margin

Fig. 3. Rivers and uplifts of Atlantic South America. A) break-up uplifts (megadomes) and associated principal rifts. Megadomes: Guyana/Guinea (1), NE Brazil/Niger (2), Mantiqueira/Angola (3), Uruguay/SW Africa (4), Somuncurá (5) and Deseado (6). Break-up rifts: Tacutu (I), Foz do Amazonas (II), Reconcavo Tucano-Jatobá (III) and Taubaté (IV). B) detail of the uplift from the Southeastern Brazil (from Cox, 1989 and Potter, 1997).

Fig. 2 in Tectonic history and the biogeography of the freshwater fishes from the coastal drainages of eastern Brazil: an example of faunal evolution associated with a divergent continental margin

Fig. 2. The South American Plate and its major tectono-sedimentary domains (from Milani & Thomaz-Filho, 2000).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

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The Physics of Changing Tectonic Regimes: Implications for the Temporal Evolution of Mantle Convection and the Thermal History of Venus

Input and relevant data files for "The Physics of Changing Tectonic Regimes: Implications for the Temporal Evolution of Mantle Convection and the Thermal History of Venus." Each data set was used to generate figures in text, and was used with, or obtained from, CitcomS (v3.3).   diagnostic.dat contains internal metrics [#step time       Mobility   Tint       T_asthen_avg  D          U         Uc       RMS_Velocity] Where #step is iteration number, time is the non dimensional diffusion time scale for the step, Mobility is defined in text, Tint is the mid mantle temperature (average), T_asthen_avg   is the upper mantle temperature (average), D          U         Uc        not used, and RMS_Velocity is the root mean square velocity.   Nusselt.dat contains heat flow information [time, surface nusselt number, basal nusselt number]. Time is the non dimensional diffusion time scale for the step. nusselt numbers are nondimesional heatflow from the surface (lithosphere) and base (core).   Melt2.dat contains melting information. #step is iteration number, time is the non dimensional diffusion time scale for the step, non-dimensional melt   the input.* file is the model input file used with  CitcomS (v3.3) that includes all parameters used for the reference case. Variations from this file are described in text.

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Data from: Tectonic evolution of the Tethyan region created the Eurasian extratropical biodiversity hotspots: tracing Pireneitega spiders' diversification history

The withdrawal of the Tethys Sea and the formation of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt profoundly impacted the distribution and composition of terrestrial biota in Eurasia. However, studies that have explicitly addressed the potential links between the series of tectonic activities in the Tethyan region and the formation of extratropical biodiversity hotspots in the Alpine-Himalayan belt are rare. The Pireneitega spiders (Agelenidae) are found throughout Eurasia and show high species richness in these hotspots. Thus, using Pireneitega spiders as a model group, we can shed light on how past tectonic events shaped Eurasian hotspots. To reconstruct the spatial and temporal evolution of Pireneitega spp., an integrative historical biogeographical analysis has been conducted using thousands of novel DNA sequences and five novel transcriptome sequences from different species. Species distribution modelling based on complete geographical distribution information was used to assess the ecological preferences and the potential ecological interchangeability of Pireneitega species. Our study suggests that the rapid expansion of Pireneitega in Eurasia benefitted from the Tethys Sea regression in the early Oligocene. Most Pireneitega species are distributed allopatrically, but in similar niches. The diversification of Pireneitega species relied on invading numerous new isolated habitats created by the uplift of Alpine-Himalayan mountains during the Miocene (wet valley model). These results imply that the formation of Alpine-Himalayan hotspots was driven by the series of tectonic events in the Tethyan region during the Oligocene–Miocene.

opencc-zeroMay 2020View details →

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Data from: Diversity dynamics of mammals in relation to tectonic and climatic history: comparison of three Neogene records from North America

In modern ecosystems, regions of topographic heterogeneity, when compared with nearby topographically homogeneous regions, support high species densities of mammals and other groups. This biogeographic pattern could be explained by either greater diversification rates or greater accommodation of species in topographically complex regions. In this context, we assess the hypothesis that changes in landscape history have stimulated diversification in mammals. Landscape history includes tectonic and climatic processes that influence topographic complexity at regional scales. We evaluated the influence of changes in topographic complexity and climate on origination and extinction rates of rodents, the most diverse clade of mammals. We compared the Neogene records of rodent diversity for three regions in North America. The Columbia Basin of the Pacific Northwest (Region 1) and the northern Rocky Mountains (Region 2) were tectonically active over much of the Cenozoic and are characterized by high topographic complexity today. The northern Great Plains (Region 3) have been tectonically quiescent, with low relief, throughout the Cenozoic. These three regions have distinctive geologic histories and substantial fossil records. All three regions showed significant changes in diversification and faunal composition over the Neogene. In the montane regions, originations and extinctions peaked at the onset and close, respectively, of the Miocene Climatic Optimum (17–14 Ma), with significant changes in faunal composition accompanying these episodes of diversification. In the Great Plains, rodents showed considerable turnover but infrequent diversification. Peak Neogene diversity in the Great Plains occurred during cooling after the Miocene Climatic Optimum. These histories suggest that climatic changes interacting with increasing topographic complexity intensify macroevolutionary processes. In addition, close tracking of diversity and fossil productivity with the stratigraphic record suggests either large-scale sampling biases or the mutual response of diversity and depositional processes to changes in landscape history.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

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Data from: Detecting diversification rates in relation to preservation and tectonic history from simulated fossil records

For mammals today, mountains are diverse ecosystems globally, yet the strong relationship between species richness and topographic complexity is not a persistent feature of the fossil record. Based on fossil-occurrence data, diversity and diversification rates in the intermontane western North America varied through time, increasing significantly during an interval of global warming and regional intensification of tectonic activity from 18 to 14 Ma. However, our ability to infer origination and extinction rates reliably from the fossil record is affected by variation in preservation history. To investigate the influence of preservation on estimates of diversification rates, I simulated fossil records under four alternative diversification hypotheses and six preservation scenarios. Diversification hypotheses included tectonically-controlled speciation pulses, while preservation scenarios were based on common trends (e.g., increasing rock record towards the present) or derived from fossil occurrences and the continental rock record. For each scenario, I estimated origination, extinction, and diversification rates using three standard methods—per-capita, three-timer, and capture-mark-recapture metrics—and evaluated the ability of the simulated fossil records to accurately recover the underlying diversification dynamics. Despite variable and low preservation probabilities, simulated fossil records retained the signal of true rates in several of the scenarios. The three metrics did not exhibit similar behavior under each preservation scenario: while three-timer and capture-mark-recapture metrics produced more accurate rate estimates, per-capita rates tended to better reproduce true shifts in origination rates. All metrics suffered from spurious peaks in origination and extinction rates when highly volatile preservation impacted the simulated record. Results from these simulations indicate that elevated diversification rates in relation to tectonic activity during the middle Miocene are likely to be evident in the fossil record, even if preservation in the North American fossil record was variable. Input from the past is necessary to evaluate the ultimate mechanisms underlying speciation and extinction dynamics.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Phanerozoic tectonic and sedimentation history of the Arctic: constraints from deep-time low-temperature thermochronology data of Ellesmere Island and Northwest Greenland

We present thermochronology and geochronology data from basement and (meta-)sedimentary samples collected on Ellesmere Island (Canadian High Arctic) and Northwest Greenland. The interpretations of our data are described and discussed in a paper in the journal Tectonics, titled “Phanerozoic tectonic and sedimentation history of the Arctic: constraints from deep-time low-temperature thermochronology data of Ellesmere Island and Northwest Greenland”. Our data include apatite fission track analyses, apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He analyses, and U-Pb analyses of detrital zircons. The data were used for inverse Monte Carlo simulations for obtaining time-temperature histories. We include descriptions of the analytical details related to the measurements, tests for potential effects of radiation damage on the (U-Th-Sm)/He age distributions, and we display the results of the Monte Carlo simulations for the individual samples. Our data set comprises a table summarizing constraints and specific parameters used for simulations (Table S1, summary input modelling), a table displaying the results of the simulations (Table S2, summary outcome thermal history inversions), a table displaying calculations of modelled overburden (Table S3, calculation of net burial and exhumation), a table summarizing the results of apatite fission track data, followed by several tables with the single-grain age and length data of fission track analyses (Table S4), a table with the detailed results of apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology (Table S5), a table with single-grain zircon U-Pb data (Table S6), and a table with the results of statistical analysis for distinguishing individual age groups from the detrital zircon U-Pb age distributions (Table S7).

FIGURE 6 in Evolutionary biogeography and tectonic history of the ghost moth families Hepialidae, Mnesarchaeidae, and Palaeosetidae in the Southwest Pacific (Lepidoptera: Exoporia)

FIGURE 6. Fragmentation of the northern Melanesian Arc over the last 13 Ma; dark shading, present day islands, intermediate shading, former Samoan islands (now as seamounts), pale shading, <2000 m depth. Modified from Schellart (2002a, b).

FIGURE 1 in Evolutionary biogeography and tectonic history of the ghost moth families Hepialidae, Mnesarchaeidae, and Palaeosetidae in the Southwest Pacific (Lepidoptera: Exoporia)

FIGURE 1. Exoporia: (a) Mnesarchaea acuta (photo by George Gibbs©); (b) Aenetus cohici (photo by Thierry Salesne©); (c) Abantiades labyrinthicus (photo by Kees Green©); (d) Oxycanus gelidus (photo by Ethan Beaver©); (e) Cladoxycanus minos (photo by Steve Kerr©); (f) Aoraia rufivena (photo by Rod Morris/rodmorris.co.nz©); (g) Elhamma australasiae (photo by John Nielsen©); (h) Wiseana signata (photo by Phil Bendle©); (i) Phassodes vitiensis (photo by Kirk Williams©); (j) Fraus crocea (photo by David Fischer©).

FIGURE 56 in Evolutionary biogeography and tectonic history of the ghost moth families Hepialidae, Mnesarchaeidae, and Palaeosetidae in the Southwest Pacific (Lepidoptera: Exoporia)

FIGURE 56. Northern North America: (a) Gazoryctra species (each color coded), (b) Sthenopis species (each color coded), (c) Phymatopus, (d) Korscheltellus gracilis (see http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu/ for identification of individual species). Regions of high topographic relief shaded, predominantly marine regions unshaded.

FIGURES 40–51 in Evolutionary biogeography and tectonic history of the ghost moth families Hepialidae, Mnesarchaeidae, and Palaeosetidae in the Southwest Pacific (Lepidoptera: Exoporia)

FIGURES 40–51. Tectonic correlations of Australian Exoporia. Fig. 40: Zelotypia stacyi; Fig. 41: Aenetus ramsayi; Fig. 42: Oncopera filiform antenna group comprising O. parva, O. mitocera, O. brachyphylla (solid line), O. brunneata/alboguttata (shaded), O. epargyra (solid star), and O. tindalei (open square); Fig. 43: Aenetus thermistis; Fig. 44: Aenetus mirabilis; Fig. 45: Palaeoses scolastica (shaded area) and Anomoses hylecoetes (pale circle at MMO); Fig. 46: Aenetus scotti (pale shading) and sister species A. edwardsi (dark shading); Fig. 47: Abantiades leucochiton (dark shading) and sister species Abantiades n.sp (pale shading); Fig. 48: Abantiades marcidus; Fig. 49: Elhamma australasiae (pale shading) and disjunct sister group in New Guinea (dark shading); Fig. 50: Fraus polyspila clade comprising F. polyspila (pale shading), F. griseomaculata (intermediate shading), F. pelagia (dark shading); Fig. 51: Fraus crocea (pale circles) and partially sympatric sister species F. fusca (dark circles). McPherson-Macleay Overlap (MMO, arrowed); Otway-Bass-Gippsland Basin system (OBGB); Whitsunday Volcanic Province (WVP). Distribution data from Common (1990) and Simonsen (2015, 2018).

FIGURES 9–10. Fig. 9 in Evolutionary biogeography and tectonic history of the ghost moth families Hepialidae, Mnesarchaeidae, and Palaeosetidae in the Southwest Pacific (Lepidoptera: Exoporia)

FIGURES 9–10. Fig. 9. Distribution of oxycanine groups: Neohepialiscus (North Africa), Hepialiscus (Himalaya-southern Asia), Napialus (China), Oxycanus (New Guinea-Australia), and New Zealand oxycanine genera. Fig. 10. Known and potential distribution of Phassodes.

FIGURE 3 in Evolutionary biogeography and tectonic history of the ghost moth families Hepialidae, Mnesarchaeidae, and Palaeosetidae in the Southwest Pacific (Lepidoptera: Exoporia)

FIGURE 3. Global distribution range of Exoporia families: Hepialidae (dotted outline), Mnesarchaeidae (solid outline), Palaeosetidae (stars), Neotheoridae (circles), Prototheoridae (shaded), and Anomosetidae (open star in northeastern Australia).

FIGURE 5 in Evolutionary biogeography and tectonic history of the ghost moth families Hepialidae, Mnesarchaeidae, and Palaeosetidae in the Southwest Pacific (Lepidoptera: Exoporia)

FIGURE 5. Southwest Pacific tectonics: Sequence of four principal time periods: large arrows, direction of expansion; pointed lines, subduction zones (dark lines active, pale lines deactivated); LHR, Lord Howe Ridge; NC, New Caledonia Ridge; dark shaded areas, magmatic plateaus; unshaded areas, oceanic seafloor (modified from Heads 2017: fig. 3.15). EMF, Emerald Fracture Zone; APF, Alpine Fault.

FIGURE 8 in Evolutionary biogeography and tectonic history of the ghost moth families Hepialidae, Mnesarchaeidae, and Palaeosetidae in the Southwest Pacific (Lepidoptera: Exoporia)

FIGURE 8. Distribution of Aenetus: (a) distribution range (not including Sumatra outlier); (b) northwestern distribution boundary of Aenetus (yellow circles) and southeastern boundary of Endoclita (purple circles); allopatry of Endoclita and Aenetus (not including Sumatra outlier for Aenetus),? denotes region without any records of Hepialidae.

FIGURE 7 in Evolutionary biogeography and tectonic history of the ghost moth families Hepialidae, Mnesarchaeidae, and Palaeosetidae in the Southwest Pacific (Lepidoptera: Exoporia)

FIGURE 7. Hypothetical vicariance origin of Mnesarchaeidae: (a) widespread ancestor over East Gondwana in heavy stippling; vicariance mediated by tectonic disruption (such as the large silicic province in red) resulting in isolation and differentiation of Mnesarchaeidae (horizontal wavy lines) with a small distribution range to the east, and Hepialoidea (light stipple) with a large, almost global, distribution range to the west; (c) subsequent range expansion by Hepialoidea resulting in sympatry with Mnesarchaeidae. Tectonic outline from Strogen et al. (2017).