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149 results for “Thamnophilidae”
Figure 7 in The vocal repertoire of Myrmeciza loricata (Lichtenstein, 1823) (Aves: Thamnophilidae)
Figure 7. Sonograms of other notes (call III) of Myrmeciza loricata. (A) Notes "D + E". (B) Note "F". (C) Note "I" emitted with call II. (D) Note "G". (E) Note "H". (F) Note "J" emitted with call II.
Figure 4 in The vocal repertoire of Myrmeciza loricata (Lichtenstein, 1823) (Aves: Thamnophilidae)
Figure 4. Sonograms of the call I (alarm) of Myrmeciza loricata. (A) Rattle phrases sequence. (B) Zoom showing the series of vertical tick notes.
Systematics of a Neotropical clade of dead-leaf-foraging antwrens (Aves: Thamnophilidae; Epinecrophylla)
<p>The stipple-throated antwrens of the genus <i>Epinecrophylla</i> (Aves: Thamnophilidae) are represented by eight species primarily found in the lowlands of the Amazon Basin and the Guiana Shield. The genus has a long and convoluted taxonomic history, with many attempts made to address the taxonomy and systematics of the group. Here we employ massively parallel sequencing of thousands of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to provide both the most comprehensive subspecies-level phylogeny of <i>Epinecrophylla</i> antwrens and the first population-level genetic analyses for most species in the genus. Most of our results are robust to a diversity of phylogenetic and population genetic methods, but we show that even with thousands of loci we are unable to fully resolve the relationships between some western Amazonian species in the <i>haematonota </i>group. We uncovered phylogenetic relationships between taxa and patterns of population structure that are discordant with both morphology and current taxonomy. For example, we found deep genetic breaks between taxa in the <i>ornata </i>group that are currently regarded as species, and in the <i>haematonota </i>and <i>leucophthalma</i> groups we found paraphyly at the species and subspecies levels, respectively. As has been found in many Amazonian taxa, our phylogenetic results show that the major river systems of the Amazon Basin appear to have an effect on the genetic structure and range limits within <i>Epinecrophylla</i>. Our population genetics analyses showed extensive admixture between some taxa despite their deep genetic divergence. We present a revised taxonomy for the group and suggest areas for further study.</p>
Data from: The evolution of sex similarities in social signals: Climatic seasonality is associated with lower sexual dimorphism and greater elaboration of female and male signals in antbirds (Thamnophilidae)
<p>Selection on signals that mediate social competition varies with resource availability. Climate regulates resource availability, which may affect the strength of competition and selection on signals. Traditionally, this meant that more seasonal, colder, or dryer – overall harsher – environments should favor the elaboration of male signals under stronger male-male competition, increasing sexual dimorphism. However, females also use signals to compete; thus, harsher environments could strengthen competition and favor elaboration of signals in both sexes, decreasing sexual dimorphism. Alternatively, harsher environments could decrease sexual dimorphism due to scarcer resources to invest in signal elaboration in both sexes. We evaluated these contrasting hypotheses in antbirds, a family of Neotropical passerines that varies in female and male signals and occurs across diverse climatic regimes. We tested the association of sexual dimorphism of plumage coloration and songs with temperature, precipitation and their seasonality. We found that greater seasonality is associated with lower sexual dimorphism in plumage coloration and greater elaboration of visual signals in both sexes, but not acoustic signals. Our results suggest that greater seasonality may be associated with convergent elaboration of female and male visual signals, highlighting the role of signals of both sexes in the evolution of sexual dimorphism.</p>
Figure 2A in Note on the nomenclature of Myrmothera guttata Vieillot, 1824 (Passeriformes, Thamnophilidae)
Figure 2A: Specimen MLC.2011.0.1526, holotype of Myrmothera tessellata Vieillot, 1822. B: the original pedestal inscriptions read: 'Myrmothera / tessellata V[ieillot] / fourmilier / marqueté Vieill[ot] / Encycl[opédie] / Cayenne / M. Bécoeur'. The red label to indicate type status will be added as soon as possible (© Christophe Gouraud / Musée George Sand et de la Vallée Noire, La Châtre)
Figure 1. Plate 155 in Note on the nomenclature of Myrmothera guttata Vieillot, 1824 (Passeriformes, Thamnophilidae)
Figure 1. Plate 155 of the Galerie des oiseaux: 'Le Fourmilier Moucheté (Myrmothera guttata)' (© Ernst Mayr Library, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, via Biodiversity Heritage Library: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org)
Figure 4 in Diversification and species limits in scale-backed antbirds (Willisornis: Thamnophilidae), an Amazonian endemic lineage
Figure 4. Graphs of BAPS clusters and geographic distribution of individuals analysed when considering A, mitochondrial (K = 8); B, BF5 (K = 3); C, MUSK (K = 6) datasets. Samples were plotted on the map in the pie chart format representing the percentage of admixture recovered by the bar graphs.
Figure 2 in Diversification and species limits in scale-backed antbirds (Willisornis: Thamnophilidae), an Amazonian endemic lineage
Figure 2. Multilocus coalescent species tree of Willisornis lineages identified in previous molecular analyses (Fig. 1). Nodes contain posterior probabilities of clades (above line) and associated confidence intervals (95% HPD) for splitting times (blue bars). Numbers on the timescale below represent millions of years. The colours are the same as used for the recovered groups in Figure 1.
Figure 6 in Diversification and species limits in scale-backed antbirds (Willisornis: Thamnophilidae), an Amazonian endemic lineage
Figure 6. Ancestral range estimates for the genus Willisornis obtained with BioGeoBEARS. The model selected was DIVALIKE (see text for details). Node pie charts represent the likelihoods of ancestral area states. Colours represent major Amazonian geological provinces selected as areas for the analysis, with those differing from the ones in the map corresponding to combinations of areas: GUI, Guiana Shield; BAC, Amazonian foreland basins; BRA, Brazilian Shield; GUIBAC, Guiana Shield + Amazonian foreland basins; GUIBRA, Guiana Shield + Brazilian Shield; and BACBRA, Amazonian foreland basins + Brazilian Shield. Numbers on the timescale below represent millions of years.
Figure 3. A in Diversification and species limits in scale-backed antbirds (Willisornis: Thamnophilidae), an Amazonian endemic lineage
Figure 3. A, BP&P posterior probabilities for different prior settings corresponding to the degree of significant coalescence between reciprocally monophyletic Willisornis lineages. Θ corresponds to the population size parameter and τ to the divergence time priors at the root of the species tree. ε, α and m are different values of fine-tune parameters. B, overlapping coalescent trees for each scenario generated by BP&P.
Figure 5 in Diversification and species limits in scale-backed antbirds (Willisornis: Thamnophilidae), an Amazonian endemic lineage
Figure 5. Clusters of BAPS for Willisornis poecilinotus gutturalis and W. p. griseiventris A in western Amazonia. Each graph corresponds to analyses made with A, mitochondrial; B, BF5; C, MUSK datasets. The coloured bars represent the proportion of genetic similarity to each population for each specimen included in the analysis while the maps on the right show the geographic distribution of the samples used. Specimen CAM021 is highlighted by a red rectangle and arrow.
Systematics of a Neotropical clade of dead-leaf-foraging antwrens (Aves: Thamnophilidae; Epinecrophylla)
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Data from: The evolution of sex similarities in social signals: Climatic seasonality is associated with lower sexual dimorphism and greater elaboration of female and male signals in antbirds (Thamnophilidae)
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Testing the simple and complex versions of Gloger's rule in the Variable Antshrike (Thamnophilus caerulescens, Thamnophilidae)
<p>Gloger's rule is a classic ecogeographical principle that, in its simplest version, predicts animals should be darker in warmer and wetter climates. In a rarely-tested more complex version, it also predicts animals should be more rufous in warmer and drier climates. The Variable Antshrike is a widely-distributed South American passerine that presents an impressive amount of plumage color variation and occupies a wide variety of climatic conditions. Moreover, genetic and vocal evidence indicate ongoing hybridization in south-central Bolivia among three populations with very distinct plumages. We collected color data from 232 specimens from throughout this species' distribution to test the predictions of Gloger's rule. We found a negative correlation between brightness and precipitation, consistent with the simple version of Gloger's rule. In contrast, we found that birds were darker in cooler climates, contrary to the simple version of Gloger's rule, but consistent with recent findings in other taxa. We found support for both predictions of complex Gloger's rule and suggest it might be driven by background matching. We conclude by concurring with a recent suggestion that the simple version of Gloger's rule should be reformulated exclusively in terms of humidity.</p>
Data for: Phylogenomic analyses reveal non-monophyly of the antbird genera Herpsilochmus and Sakesphorus (Thamnophilidae), with description of a new genus for Herpsilochmus sellowi
<p>The family Thamnophilidae is a species-rich Neotropical radiation of passerine birds. Current classification of its 235 species is mostly based on morphological similarities, but recent studies integrating comprehensive phenotypic and phylogenetic data have redefined taxonomic limits of several taxa. Here, we assess generic relationships of <i>Herpsilochmus</i>, <i>Sakesphorus</i>, <i>Thamnophilus</i>, <i>Biatas</i>, and <i>Dysithamnus</i> using DNA sequences from the mitochondrion, nuclear exons, and ultraconserved elements (UCEs), with further attention to interspecific relationships within <i>Herpsilochmus</i>. We show that <i>Herpsilochmus</i> and <i>Sakesphorus</i> are not monophyletic. We resolve <i>H. sellowi</i> as a deep-branch sister species to the monotypic genus <i>Biatas and S. cristatus </i>as sister to a clade comprising<i> Herpsilochmus </i>sensu stricto and<i> Dysithamnus</i>. These results are consistent across loci, obtained via concatenation and coalescent-based analyses, and supported by likelihood-ratio tests of the distribution of our sampled coalescent histories. The phenotypic distinctiveness of both <i>H.</i> <i>sellowi</i> and <i>Biatas</i> argues against merging them into a single genus. Because no generic name is available for <i>H.</i> <i>sellowi</i>, we describe a monotypic genus. The polyphyly of <i>Sakesphorus </i>warrants recognition of the available generic name <i>Sakesphoroides</i> for the distinctive and monotypic <i>S. cristatus</i>. Furthermore, we recover six well-supported species groups within <i>Herpsilochmus</i> sensu stricto. Within the context of the family as a whole, the ubiquity of long terminal branches representing monotypic genera points to extinction events among ancestors of these lineages. We suggest that retention of ancestral characters or random genetic drift coupled with extensive extinction could explain the high degree of morphological and ecological similarity across these taxa, but we highlight the potential role of the environment in driving adaptive phenotypic convergence. Finally, our results send a cautionary message against the blind use of phylogenies containing imputed data based on taxonomy due to the increasingly frequent mismatches between traditional taxonomic classification and molecular phylogenies.</p>
Data for: Ecology and behavior predict an evolutionary trade-off between song complexity and elaborate plumages in antwrens (Aves, Thamnophilidae)
<p>The environment can impose constraints on signal transmission properties such that signals should evolve in predictable directions (Sensory Drive Hypothesis). However, behavioral and ecological factors can limit investment in more than one sensory modality leading to a trade-off in use of different signals (Transfer Hypothesis). In birds, there is mixed evidence for both sensory drive and transfer hypothesis. Few studies have tested sensory drive while also evaluating the transfer hypothesis, limiting understanding of the relative roles of these processes in signal evolution. Here, we assessed both hypotheses using acoustic and visual signals in male and female antwrens (Thamnophilidae), a species-rich group that inhabits diverse environments and exhibits behaviors, such as mixed-species flocking, that could limit investment in different signal modalities. We uncovered significant effects of habitat (sensory drive) and mixed-species flocking behavior on both sensory modalities, and we revealed evolutionary trade-offs between song and plumage complexity, consistent with the transfer hypothesis. We also showed sex- and trait-specific responses in visual signals that suggest both natural and social selection play an important role in the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Altogether, these results support the idea that environmental (sensory drive) and behavioral pressures (social selection) shape signal evolution in antwrens.</p>
Data from: Diversification in Amazonian <em>Hypocnemis</em> antbirds (Aves: Thamnophilidae) inferred from Ultraconserved Elements (UCEs)
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Data for: Phylogenomic analyses reveal non-monophyly of the antbird genera Herpsilochmus and Sakesphorus (Thamnophilidae), with description of a new genus for Herpsilochmus sellowi
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Testing the simple and complex versions of Gloger’s rule in the Variable Antshrike (Thamnophilus caerulescens, Thamnophilidae)
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Data for: Ecology and behavior predict an evolutionary trade-off between song complexity and elaborate plumages in antwrens (Aves, Thamnophilidae)
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