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10 results for “The 2011 Tohoku earthquake”
Supplementary Dataset for "Extracting near-field seismograms from ocean-bottom pressure gauge inside the focal area: application to the 2011 Mw 9.1 Tohoku-Oki earthquake"
<p>Datasets S1 contains the results obtained by the analysis in this study, such as the spatial and temporal configuration of the basis functions. Dataset S2 contains the ocean-bottom pressure gauge data used in this study.</p> <p>The manuscript is available at: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL091664</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <div> </div>
Data and Models for "Probabilistic Imaging of Tsunamigenic Seafloor Deformation During the 2011 Tohoku-oki Earthquake"
<p><strong>Directory "waveform_data"</strong> includes 13 tsunami time series data from different instruments: TM1, TM2, KPG1, KPG2, GB801, GB802, GB803, GB804, GB806, GB807, D21401, D21413, and D21418. Each data file (*.dat) has two columns for (1) the time since earthquake initiation (min) and (2) ocean surface or seafloor displacement amplitude (m).</p> <p><strong>Directory “kin_models”</strong> includes the following:</p> <p>1. Seafloor Mesh Geometry</p> <ul> <li>The entire seafloor mesh consists of two separate parts (422 and 136 nodes each; 558 in total) due to the need to resolve potential discontinuity at the trench. The files “*Pt{1,2}-SM2.PointCoord.txt” consists of six columns for the ID, longitude (deg), latitude (deg), East (km), North (km) and depth (km) of the nodes in each triangular mesh. The E/N coordinates are calculated in UTM projection system, relative to an arbitrary reference point.</li> <li>The files “*.ClipPath.txt” includes the ID/lon/lat of mesh boundary nodes, which can be used for plotting.</li> <li>Visualization of the mesh parts are provided in PDF files.</li> <li>The file “*Total-SM2.PointCoord.txt” excludes boundary nodes and contains seafloor locations (504 nodes) that are directly used in tsunami arrival time calculations.</li> </ul> <p>2. Posterior Mean Models</p> <ul> <li>Ensemble-averaged models of seafloor displacements and uncertainty estimates, with no spatial averaging (“0R” in the file name) or with one-ring spatial averaging (“1R”). These models are shown in Figures 5 and 6 of <em>Jiang and Simons</em> (2016). The data files “posterior_mean_{0,1}R.txt” have three columns for (1) vertical seafloor displacement (m), (2) one-sigma standard deviation of displacement (m), and (3) corresponding resolution length (km). The model values (558 rows) correspond to nodes in files “*Pt{1,2}-SM2.PointCoord.txt” concatenated in sequential order.</li> <li>Tsunami arrival times (in sec) are calculated from the posterior mean values of propagation speeds, with zero sec at the earthquake epicenter. The coordinates (508 nodes) are included in geometry file “*Total-SM2.PointCoord.txt.”</li> </ul> <p><strong>Directory “kin_ensemble”</strong> includes the entire posterior model ensemble (98304 samples) in HDF5 format. Using a Linux command <em>h5dump</em> will show the following information about the contained datasets, with their names and dimensions. The main datasets are: (1) Covariance (1008×1008); (2) Data Log-likelihood (98304×1); (3) Posterior Log-likelihood (98304×1); and (4) Sample Set (98304×1008). Each model has 1008 parameters (504 for displacement and 504 for propagation speeds). The source coordinates (504 nodes) are included in geometry file "*Total-SM2-Parameter.PointCoord.txt."</p> <p><strong>Note:</strong> three different geometries files above are used for (1) posterior mean displacements (558 nodes), (2) arrival time calculation (508 nodes), and (3) source inversion models (504 nodes). </p>
Pre-processed and modeled GNSS time-series after the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake
<p>The raw, pre-processed, and modeled GNSS time-series of the 213 GEONET sites in the Tohoku region, Japan, from Mar. 12, 2011 to Nov. 20, 2021, relative to the Okhotsk plate (Argus et al., 2011, <em><em>Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems</em></em>).</p> <p>The original GNSS time-series are F5 solutions, which are distributed by Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI, https://www.gsi.go.jp/). The details and availability of F5 solutions are written in Takamatsu et al. (2023, Earth, Planets, and Space) https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-023-01787-7.</p> <p>The GNSS time-series processing was performed by Tomita (submitted), and the following signals were excluded from the raw time-series: seasonal variation, coseismic step, antenna maintenance offset, and common mode errors. Then, the pre-processed time-series were modeled by a trajectory modeling method considering postseismic deformation of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, the Boso SSEs, and postseismic deformations due to aftershocks and L-ASE (long-term aseismic slip event) since late 2019.<br> <br> "sitelist.txt" - Site information file<br> column 1: Full site ID<br> column 2: 4digits site ID<br> column 3: Longitude [deg]<br> column 4: Latitude [deg]<br> column 5: Height [m] <br> <br> "pre-process/xxxx.txt" - Time-series at xxxx (4digits site ID) site<br> column 1: days from Mar. 12, 2011 (1 corresponds to Mar. 12, 2011)<br> column 2: raw East-West displacement [m]<br> column 3: raw North-South displacement [m]<br> column 4: raw Up-down displacement [m]<br> column 5: pre-processed East-West displacement [m]<br> column 6: pre-processed North-South displacement [m]<br> column 7: pre-processed Up-down displacement [m]</p> <p>"model/xxxx/prediction_yy.txt" - Time-series for yy component (yy=EW, NS, UD) at xxxx (4digits site ID) site<br> column 1: days from Mar. 12, 2011 (1 corresponds to Mar. 12, 2011)<br> column 2: modeled displacement excluding the Boso SSEs [m]<br> column 3: modeled displacement excluding the Boso SSEs and postseismic deformation due to aftershocks caused one year after the 2011 Tohoku Eq. [m]<br> column 4: modeled displacement excluding the Boso SSEs, postseismic deformation due to aftershocks caused one year after the 2011 Tohoku Eq. and the 2019 L-ASE [m]</p> <p><br> The displacement on Mar. 12, 2011 was initially set to be zero before the pre-processing, but the removal of the above factors provided some deviation from zero.</p> <p>The raw time-series excluded outliers from the original F5 solutions, and the raw time-series were transformed into the Okhotsk plate reference.</p> <p>Following the above trajectory modeling, the fully-relaxed postseismic displacement fields due to 2015 Feb. 17 Sanriku-oki earthquake ("Table_displacement1.xlsx"), the 2015 May 13 Miyagi-oki earthquake ("Table_displacement2.xlsx"), and summation of the 2021 Feb. 13 Fukushima-oki, the 2021 Mar. 20 Miyagi-oki, and the 2021 May 1 earthquakes ("Table_displacement2.xlsx") were calculated. Moreover, the cumulative displacement field due to the 2019 L-ASE since Nov. 25, 2019 was also calculated. In those files, the estimation errors are also shown as 1σ standard deviation obtained from diagonal components of the model covariance matrices. </p> <p> </p> <p>The details of these data are introduced in the corresponding paper (Tomita, submitted).</p>
Near surface softening and healing in eastern Honshu associated with the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake: Research data and code
<p>The zip file named 'mainshock.zip' contains the Matlab codes and seismic data for reproducing the results of Figure 2.</p> <p>The Excel file named 'Source Data.xls' contains the raw data of Figures 3 and 4.</p>
Impact of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake on the species diversity of rocky intertidal sessile assemblages
<p>The impacts of large-scale disturbance events on the species diversity of rocky intertidal sessile assemblages across multiple spatial scales are not well understood. To evaluate the influence of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake on alpha and beta diversities of rocky intertidal sessile assemblages, we censused sessile assemblages in the mid-shore zone from 2011 to 2019. The census was conducted across 22 study sites on five rocky shores along 30 km of the Sanriku Coast of Japan, which is located 150–160 km north–northwest of the earthquake epicenter. Alpha diversity was measured with three Hill numbers (<em>H</em><sub>0</sub>, <em>H</em><sub>1</sub>, and<em> H</em><sub>2</sub>), which represent the number of equally common species that would exist in a community with the same diversity as the sampled community, with higher values of the subscript indicating more weight placed on abundant species. Beta diversity was measured with two metrics (<em>BD</em><sub>total</sub> at two spatial scales). Values were compared between the years 2011–2019 and the pre-earthquake period (2003–2010). The results show that the Tohoku Earthquake significantly altered the species diversity of intertidal sessile assemblages across multiple spatial scales. All diversity metrics obtained at multiple spatial scales (i.e., alpha diversities: <em>H</em><sub>0</sub>, <em>H</em><sub>1,</sub> and <em>H</em><sub>2</sub>; beta diversities: <em>BD<sub>t</sub></em><sub>otal</sub> at the shore and regional scales) decreased immediately after the earthquake and then increased in subsequent years. Two years after the earthquake, <em>H</em><sub>0</sub> recovered to within the range of pre-earthquake values and <em>H</em><sub>1</sub> and <em>H</em><sub>2</sub> became significantly higher than pre-earthquake values. Most metrics of alpha and beta diversities recovered to pre-earthquake levels after several years, but regional <em>BD</em><sub>total</sub> remained low for a longer period.</p>
Impact of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake on the species diversity of rocky intertidal sessile assemblages
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Supplementary Dataset for "A new mechanical perspective on a shallow megathrust near-trench slip from the high- resolution fault model of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake"
<p>This dataset contains the results obtained by the analysis in this study, such as the digital data of the slip distribution and stress drop estimated by Kubota et al.(2022)</p>
Dataset for the paper "Wedge Plasticity and a Minimalist Dynamic Rupture Model for the 2011 Mw 9.1 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake and Tsunami" in Tectonophysics
<p>This dataset contains the Fortran source codes and input files to reproduce the results in the paper "Wedge Plasticity and a Minimalist Dynamic Rupture Model for the 2011 Mw 9.1 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake and Tsunami". Sample Matlab scripts are included to visualize the results. Model results, such as final fault slip, rupture times, stress changes on fault, final surface displacements, and moment density tensors in the wedge associated with inelastic deformation, are also included as ascii files. See readme for more details.</p>
Data from: Elastogravity waves and dynamic ground motions in the Korean Peninsula generated by the 11 March 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku-Oki megathrust earthquake
<p>The mass dislocations caused by large coseismic slips in megathrust earthquakes are large enough to produce elastogravity waves. Despite successful identification of elastogravity-wave development during megathrust earthquakes, the nature of ground motions and hazard potentials in regional and teleseismic distances remains unknown. The dynamic ground motions from the 11 March 2011 M<sub>W</sub>9.0 Tohoku-Oki megathrust earthquake are retrieved from broadband seismic records throughout the Korean Peninsula. The dynamic ground motions of the megathrust earthquake are dominated by low-frequency (<0.1 Hz) energy that is a mixture of elastogravity waves and seismic waves. The peak dynamic ground displacements in the Korean Peninsula reached ∼20 cm with horizontal permanent displacements of ∼2 cm or more. Radially-polarized elastogravity waves developed instantly at the event origin time. Very-long-period (<0.004 Hz) energy is a mixture of seismic waves and coseismic permanent displacements, presenting radially polarized retrograde particle motions for ∼600 s. The peak ground displacements and velocities for the Tohoku-Oki earthquake are larger than those for a local M<sub>W</sub>5.4 earthquake. The peak ground motions vary azimuthally following the source radiation pattern. The tangential peak ground displacement increases with distance along continental ray paths due to the development of crustally guided waves. Large and slow dynamic ground motions cause dynamic stress changes of ∼1.8 MPa in the lithosphere of the Korean Peninsula, while the properties of the mantle are scarcely affected by slow dynamic motions. The large long-period displacements induced by megathrust earthquakes may cause considerable long-duration distortion on large buildings at regional and teleseismic distances. The characteristic elastogravity-wave features may be used for detection of mass-dislocation events.</p>
Data from: Elastogravity waves and dynamic ground motions in the Korean Peninsula generated by the 11 March 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku-Oki megathrust earthquake
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