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44 results for “Thermal maximum”
Maximum temperature data from thermal safety assessment of type 21700 lithium-ion batteries with NMC, NCA and LFP cathodes by means of Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC)
<p>Data of safety investigation and thermal abuse behavior of commercial type 21700 LIB cells is provided.</p> <p>It has been acquired with Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC), using a Thermal Hazard Technology type ES ARC.</p> <p>Moreover, thermal abuse was done by means of the so-called Heat-Wait-Seek (HWS) test, at different states of charge (SOC) from 0 to 100.</p> <p>Different cathode chemistries are compared (NMC, NCA and LFP), as well as for NCA chemistry, the high energy (HE) and high power (HP) cell design.</p> <p>For each cell, data includes the maximum temperature measured during thermal abuse at the surface on the center of the cell. Additionally, the mean value and standard deviation for each cell type and state of charge is provided.</p> <p>This data is supporting this article in the journal Batteries:</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9050237">https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9050237</a></p> <p>Additional supporting material to this article are the exothermal data for thermal abuse, that are published here:</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7707929">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7707929</a></p> <p> </p>
Critical thermal maximum of male and female ditch shrimps (Palaemon varians) [dataset].
<p>Dataset on the upper thermal tolerance limits (Critical Thermal Maximum, CTmax) of male and female<em> Palaemon varians</em> shrimps collected from the salt pan complex of Marinha de Santiago da Fonte, Ria de Aveiro, Portugal (40 ̊ 37’44.5’’N, 08 ̊ 39’37.3’’W). Data on weight and lenght are also included. Temperature data for the sampling site were collected with a HOBO datalogger (water Temp Pro v2 U22-001, Onset, USA) and are also included. </p> <p>Dataset associated to the article <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103151">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103151</a></p>
FIGURE 14 in Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (United States Atlantic Coastal Plain)
FIGURE 14. Stratigraphy and lithology for the Bass River core, after Stassen et al., 2015. The number of pteropods recognized (red) is compared to the B/Ca values (purple) in the planktonic foraminiferal genus Acarinina, a surfacewater (mixed layer) dweller (Babila et al., 2016), and with δ13C values of bulk carbonate (orange), indicating the location of the carbon isotope excursion (Stassen et al., 2015). The change in B/Ca is interpreted as reflecting a decline in pH by ~0.3-0.4 pH units (Babila et al., 2016). The irregularity of pteropod distribution is likely because they were transported to these sites, and do not represent an in situ population.
FIGURE 12 in Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (United States Atlantic Coastal Plain)
FIGURE 12. Limacina sp. 1. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the specimen pictured in Figure 11.1-3. Resolution 4.9 micrometer/voxel, 145 kV, detector exposure timing 750 ms. For animated version, see online at palaeo-electronica.org/content/2016/1662- pteropoda-from-the-usa-petm. By clicking on the image, the interactive 3D model is activated, and the reader can use the mouse to rotate the specimen and change magnification.
FIGURE 11 in Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (United States Atlantic Coastal Plain)
FIGURE 11. Limacina sp. 1. 1-3, Wilson Lake section, sample 37, depth 102.72-102.78 m, RGM 777 241; 1: apical view, 2: apertural view, 3: umbilical view. 4-5, Wilson Lake section, sample 50, depth 106.68-106.74 m, RGM 777259a; 4: apical view, 5: apertural view. 6, Wilson Lake section, sample 40, depth 103.02-103.08 m, RGM 777248; apical view.
FIGURE 9 in Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (United States Atlantic Coastal Plain)
FIGURE 9. Limacina novacaesarea Janssen and Sessa sp. nov. 1-3, Holotype, Wilson Lake section, sample 24, depth 98.76-98.82 m, RGM 777 219; 1: apical; view, 2: apertural view, 3: umbilical view. 4-6, Paratype 1, Wilson Lake section, sample 22. Depth 98.15-98.21 m, RGM 777 215a; 4: apical view, 5: apertural view, 6: oblique apical view to show lowering of initial whorl. 7, Paratype 2, Wilson Lake section, sample 27, depth 99.67-99.73 m, RGM 777 225; apertural view of poorly preserved, slightly depressed specimen.
FIGURE 10 in Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (United States Atlantic Coastal Plain)
FIGURE 10. Limacina novacaesarea Janssen and Sessa sp. nov. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the specimen pictured in Figure 9.1-3. Resolution 4.0 micrometer/voxel, 185 kV, detector exposure timing 750 ms. For animated version, see online at palaeo-electronica.org/content/2016/1662-pteropoda-from-the-usapetm. By clicking on the image, the interactive 3D model is activated, and the reader can use the mouse to rotate the specimen and change magnification.
FIGURE 13 in Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (United States Atlantic Coastal Plain)
FIGURE 13. Limacina sp. 2. 1-2, Cambridge-Dorchester section, sample 26, depth 222.61-222.62 m, RGM 777 345; 1: apical view, 2: apertural view.
FIGURE 7 in Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (United States Atlantic Coastal Plain)
FIGURE 7. Limacina aegis Hodgkinson in Hodgkinson, Garvie and Bé, 1992. 1, Clayton section, sample 19, depth 94.55-94.58 m, RGM 777319a; apertural view. 2, Clayton section, sample 21, depth 95.07-95.10 m, RGM 777 323; apertural view. 3-4, Wilson Lake section, sample 34, depth 101.80-101.86 m, RGM 777 236a; 3: apical view, 4: apertural view. 5-6, Wilson Lake section, sample 52, depth 07.08-107.11 m, RGM 777 264a; 5: apertural view, 6: umbilical view. 7-9, Wilson Lake section, sample 63, depth 108.20-108.26 m, RGM 777 283 (specimen lost); 7: apical view, 8: apertural view; 9: umbilical view. 10-11, Cambridge-Dorchester section, sample 15, depth 220.22-220.28 m, RGM 777 338; 10: apical view, 11: apertural view.
FIGURE 6 in Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (United States Atlantic Coastal Plain)
FIGURE 6. Heliconoides mercinensis (Watelet and Lefèvre, 1885). Computed tomography (CT) scan of the specimen pictured in Figure 5.1-3. Resolution 1.9 micrometer/voxel, 165 kV, detector exposure timing 750 ms. For animated version, see online at palaeo-electronica.org/content/2016/1662-pteropoda-from-the-usapetm. By clicking on the image, the interactive 3D model is activated, and the reader can use the mouse to rotate the specimen and change magnification.
FIGURE 3 in Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (United States Atlantic Coastal Plain)
FIGURE 3. Altaspiratella elongatoidea (Aldrich, 1887). 1, Wilson Lake section, sample 31, depth 100.89-100.95 m, RGM 777 230; apertural view. 2, Clayton section, sample 9, depth 91.44-91.4 m; RGM 777 308a; apertural view. 3-4, Wilson Lake section, sample 42, depth 104.24-104.30 m; RGM 777 251a, 3: apertural view, 4: apical view.
FIGURE 8 in Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (United States Atlantic Coastal Plain)
FIGURE 8. Limacina aegis Hodgkinson in Hodgkinson, Garvie and Bé, 1992. Computed tomography (CT) scan of specimen RGM 777.264b, which has the same locality data as the specimen in Figure 7.5-6. Resolution 2.0 micrometer/voxel, 165 kV, detector exposure timing 750 ms. For animated version, see online at palaeo-electronica.org/content/2016/1662-pteropodafrom-the-usa-petm. By clicking on the image, the interactive 3D model is activated, and the reader can use the mouse to rotate the specimen and change magnification.
FIGURE 5 in Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (United States Atlantic Coastal Plain)
FIGURE 5. Heliconoides mercinensis (Watelet and Lefèvre, 1885). 1-3, Wilson Lake section, sample 27, depth 99.67-99.73 m, RGM 777 223a; 1: apical view, 2: apertural view, 3: umbilical view.
FIGURE 4 in Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (United States Atlantic Coastal Plain)
FIGURE 4. Altaspiratella elongatoidea (Aldrich, 1887). Computed tomography (CT) scan of the specimen pictured in Figure 3.3-4, resolution 1.6 micrometer/voxel, 165 kV, detector exposure timing 750 ms. For animated version, see online at palaeo-electronica.org/content/ 2016/1662-pteropoda-from-the-usa-petm. By clicking on the image, the interactive 3D model is activated, and the reader can use the mouse to rotate the specimen and change magnification.
FIGURE 1 in Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (United States Atlantic Coastal Plain)
FIGURE 1. Map of the northeastern coast of the USA, showing part of the northern portion of the Atlantic Coastal Plain and the location of the studied cores: BR = Bass River; C = Clayton; WL = Wilson Lake; CD = Cambridge-Dorchester; MCBR = Mattawoman Creek-Billingsley Road. The New Jersey Coastal Plain is the northern section of the Salisbury Embayment. In outcrop, the Fall Line marks the change from Precambrian and Paleozoic rocks of the Piedmont province in the west to the relatively undeformed, slightly dipping Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments of the Coastal Plain in the east (Gibson and Bybell, 1994). For visual ease, the New Jersey Coastal Plain and the Salisbury Embayment labels are delineated offshore.
Acclimation capacity of critical thermal maximum varies among populations: Consequences for estimates of vulnerability
<p>Adaptive plasticity in thermal tolerance traits may buffer organisms against changing temperatures, making such responses of particular interest in the face of global climate change. Although population variation is integral to the evolvability of this trait, many studies inferring proxies of physiological vulnerability from thermal tolerance traits extrapolate data from one or few populations to represent the species. Estimates of physiological vulnerability can be further complicated by methodological effects associated with experimental design. We evaluated how populations varied in their acclimation capacity (i.e., the magnitude of plasticity) for critical thermal maximum (CT<sub>max</sub>) in two species of tailed frogs (Ascaphidae), cold-stream specialists. We used the estimates of acclimation capacity to infer physiological vulnerability to future warming. We performed CT<sub>max</sub> experiments on tadpoles from 14 populations using a fully factorial experimental design of two holding temperatures (8℃, 15℃) and two experimental starting temperatures (8℃, 15℃). This design allowed us to investigate the acute effects of transferring organisms from one holding temperature to a different experimental starting temperature, as well as fully acclimated responses by using the same holding and starting temperature. We found that most populations exhibited beneficial acclimation, where CT<sub>max</sub> was higher in tadpoles held at a warmer temperature, but populations varied markedly in magnitude of the response and the inferred physiological vulnerability to future warming. We also found that the response of transferring organisms to different starting temperatures varied substantially among populations, although accounting for acute effects did not greatly alter estimates of physiological vulnerability at the species-level or for most populations. These results underscore the importance of sampling widely among populations when inferring physiological vulnerability, as population variation in acclimation capacity and thermal sensitivity may be critical when assessing vulnerability to future warming. </p>
Acclimation capacity of critical thermal maximum varies among populations: Consequences for estimates of vulnerability
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Oxygen rise in the tropical upper ocean during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
<p>The global ocean's oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) inventory is declining in response to global warming, but the future of the low-oxygen tropics is uncertain. We present new evidence for tropical oxygenation during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a warming event that serves as a geologic analogue to anthropogenic warming. Foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotopes indicate that the tropical North Pacific oxygen-deficient zone contracted during the PETM. A concomitant increase in foraminifera size implies that oxygen availability rose in the shallow subsurface throughout the tropical North Pacific. These changes are consistent with ocean model simulations of warming, in which a decline in biological productivity allows tropical subsurface oxygen to rise even as global ocean oxygen declines. The tropical oxygen increase may have helped avoid a mass extinction during the PETM.</p>
Supplementary Information: The Late Lutetian Thermal Maximum: first record of the deep-sea benthic foraminiferal response in the Tasman Sea (IODP Site U1508)
<div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <p>Here, we provide supplementary information including inorganic and organic geochemistry data, magnetostratigraphy data, foraminifera data, and the age model derived from sediment samples taken from IODP Hole U1508C.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>At this IODP Hole, from the Tasman Sea, we have documented the Late Lutetian Thermal Maximum (LLTM), a brief warming event in the middle Eocene (41.52 Ma). This is the first record of deep-sea benthic foraminifera changes during the LLTM in the SW Pacific. The event coincides with negative δ13C excursions in bulk sediment (0.47‰) and benthic foraminifera (0.36‰), as well as shifts in foraminiferal species and organic geochemistry. Reduced diversity in benthic foraminiferal assemblages during the event indicates environmental stress, likely due to low oxygen conditions, as suggested by dysoxic taxa. Despite the dominance of calcareous taxa, corrosion-resistant species point to slightly CaCO3-corrosive waters without evident dissolution. We infer a shallower thermocline and increased stratification during the LLTM.</p> <div> <div> <div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div> <div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div>
FIGURE 2 in Pteropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Thecosomata) from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (United States Atlantic Coastal Plain)
FIGURE 2. Specimen storage in the Naturalis (Leiden, NL) fossil holoplanktic mollusk collection.
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