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15 results for “Thermal microclimates”
Data from: Stingless bee foragers experience more thermally stressful microclimates but have wider thermal tolerance breadths than other worker subcastes
<p>The current state of anthropogenic climate change is of particular concern for insects, especially in the tropics where the effects are predicted to be the most deleterious. Researching climatic tolerance in social insects is challenging because adaptations can exist at both an individual level and a societal level. However, these studies are important because social insects comprise a tremendous portion of the planet's animal biomass, biodiversity, and include many important pollinators. Considering how individual physiologies construct group-level adaptations can improve the accuracy of climate change impact assessments for a variety of social species. <em>Tetragonisca angustula</em> is a neotropical stingless bee species known to exhibit particularly high worker subcaste specialization in the form of a morphologically distinct soldier caste, a trait most commonly found and studied in ants and termites. We used this model species to investigate 1) whether age- and size-differentiated task groups differ in thermal tolerance, 2) which worker subcastes operate closest to their thermal limits, and 3) the extent to which behavioral thermoregulation via shifting active foraging times can offset thermal stress in this species. We measured the thermal tolerance (CT<sub>max</sub> and CT<sub>min</sub>) of smaller-bodied foragers, and two soldier sub-castes (hovering guards and standing guards) in <em>T. angustula</em>. Despite the difference in body size between the foragers and guards, no differences in the upper or lower thermal limits were observed. However, the average thermal tolerance breadth of foragers was significantly larger than that of guards, indicating that soldiers at the nest entrance are more thermally specialized than foragers. Temperatures at foraging sites were more variable than at nest entrances, which caused warming tolerance to be significantly lower among small-bodied foragers as compared to either hovering guards or standing guards. The magnitude of warming tolerances indicated a low risk of imminent climate change impacts in this environment, but our results suggest that as temperatures increase, foragers are likely to meet their upper thermal limits before other worker subcastes. Foragers may shift the times they are active as a form of thermoregulation which could selectively impact pollination rates for plants leading to repercussions on agriculture and ecosystem functioning. This work establishes novel approaches to predicting climatic change risk in heterogeneous cooperative societies.</p>
Data from: Stingless bee foragers experience more thermally stressful microclimates and have wider thermal tolerance breadths than other worker subcastes
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Data from: Habitat structure modifies microclimate: an approach for mapping fine-scale thermal refuge
1. Contemporary techniques predicting habitat suitability under climate change projections often underestimate availability of thermal refuges. Habitat structure contributes to thermal heterogeneity at a variety of spatial scales, but quantifying microclimates at organism‐relevant resolutions remains a challenge. Landscapes that appear homogeneous at large scales may offer patchily distributed thermal refuges at finer scales. 2. We quantified the relationship between vegetation structure and the thermal environment at a scale relevant to small, terrestrial animals using a new approach for mapping fine‐scale thermal heterogeneity. We expected that vegetation would create attenuated microclimates and that the influence of vegetation structure would vary seasonally. We measured shrub volume, horizontal cover, and operative temperature (Te) in a sagebrush‐steppe habitat in Idaho, USA, at 534 microsites across two study sites of approximately 1 km2 each. We modeled relationships between habitat structure and both mean daily maximum temperature (urn:x-wiley:2041210X:media:mee313008:mee313008-math-0001max) and mean diurnal temperature range (urn:x-wiley:2041210X:media:mee313008:mee313008-math-0002) for each study site during summer and winter. Aerial imagery from unmanned aerial systems was used to estimate shrub volume and canopy cover at 1‐m resolution, and we applied the best fit model to map thermal heterogeneity across broader extents. 3. Increasing shrub volume and cover was associated with lower urn:x-wiley:2041210X:media:mee313008:mee313008-math-0003max and (urn:x-wiley:2041210X:media:mee313008:mee313008-math-0004, but strengths of the relationships differed between study sites. There was considerable heterogeneity in availability of thermal refuges across sagebrush‐steppe rangelands that have traditionally been considered relatively homogeneous. 4. This technique can help ecologists and land managers identify critical thermal refuges that large‐scale climate modelling can overlook and thus contribute to an understanding of animal‐habitat relationships under changing climates and land uses.
Dataset used in the study "Urban microclimate simulations based on GIS data to mitigate thermal hot-spots: Tree design scenarios in an industrial area of Florence"
<p>This dataset repository includes input and output spatial data of urban microclimate simulations performed through QGIS and ENVI-met software used in the study "Urban microclimate simulations based on GIS data to mitigate thermal hot-spots: Tree design scenarios in an industrial area of Florence", published in the Building and Environment Journal, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110854">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110854</a>.</p>
Data from: Habitat structure modifies microclimate: an approach for mapping fine-scale thermal refuge
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Thermal performance under constant temperatures can accurately predict insect development times across naturally variable microclimates
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Data from: Lizards in the mist: thermal niches constrained by habitat and microclimates in the Andes of southern Bolivia
Aim: To understand how the activity budgets of ectotherms vary in mountain areas with high microclimatic and habitat heterogeneity, and how these factors together with habitat modulate the assemblage of ectotherm communities. Location; Tajzara Basin, Cordillera de Sama (3600–4300 masl), Department of Tarija, Bolivia. Taxon: four lizard species of the genus Liolaemus. Methods: After parameterizing the thermal physiology of each species and recording operative temperature time series with dataloggers, we calculated activity budgets for every species across 30 sampling sites. By multimodel inference we evaluated how activity budgets varied across the topography. We also assessed how abundances of each species were predicted by activity budgets, restriction time, temperature deviation, habitat covers and exposure to cold microclimate. Results: Activity budgets were not only influenced by elevation, but also by the exposure to cold air that comes through saddles from the eastern side of the mountain divide. Although thermal physiological parameters were relatively similar among the species, their abundances were conditioned to different extents by activity budgets, habitat and microclimates. Main conclusions: The abundance and distribution of each species across these lizard communities reflect the microclimatic heterogeneity originated by complex topography, which uncouples activity budgets from elevation. Only one species was confined to cold microclimate refugia with higher exposure to Föhn effect. Despite having relatively similar thermal aspect of fundamental niches, lizards may differ in their realized niches by habitat selection. Habitat specialization could compromise the persistence of some species under global warming by reducing the dispersal possibilities to certain areas where population sustainability might be impaired in the long term. Understanding the heterogeneity of microclimates and habitats and the physiology of the species partially explains their distribution at local scale, and provides insights on how to best confront upcoming climate change effects.
Data from: Fine with heat, problems with water: microclimate alters water loss in a thermally adapted insular lizard
Global change, including habitat isolation and climate change, has both short- and long-term impacts on wildlife populations. For example, genetic drift and inbreeding result in genetic impoverishment in small, isolated populations, while species undergo range shifts or adaptive phenotypic change in response to shifts in environmental temperatures. In this study, we utilize a model system in which Holocene landscape changes have occurred to examine long-term effects of population isolation. To examine how isolation may constrain responses to climate change, we characterized ecophysiology across land-bridge island populations of Erhard's wall lizard Podarcis erhardii. We hypothesized that 1) small, isolated populations that are likely genetically depauperate would exhibit lower phenotypic variability; and 2) populations would be adapted to local microhabitat conditions. We compared a population at a low elevation site on the large island of Naxos with two small populations on nearby islets to determine the effects of population fragmentation. We further compared the low elevation Naxos population with two high elevation sites characterized by disparate microclimates to examine the effects of microclimate. To assess the thermal biology and ecophysiological limits of the study species we measured operative body temperatures (Te), field body temperatures (Tb), preferred temperatures (Tp), thermal tolerances (CTmax and CTmin), and evaporative water loss (EWL). Our results indicate that small, isolated populations did not exhibit thermal biology or evaporative water loss, while EWL and thermoregulatory effort varied according to microhabitat characteristics. This study integrates fine-scale measurements with environmental data to provide a holistic view of the relationships between ecophysiology, fragmentation, and microclimate. Our methods can be applied to other ectotherms to gain a better understanding of potential impacts of global change on natural populations.
Effect of external thermal insulation layer on the Chinese solar greenhouse microclimate
<p><span><span>In order to optimize the heat preservation capacity of Chinese solar greenhouse (CSG) and further reduce energy consumption, we clarified the mechanism of the external thermal insulation layer that affecting the microclimate environment of CSG. The most excellent thickness of the external insulation layer of the solar greenhouse envelope structure in high latitude and cold region has been indicated. A three-dimensional mathematical model was developed based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and verified using experimental measurement. The temperature variations, heat variations and economic benefit were analyzed. The results indicated that covering the outer surface of the enclosures with a thermal insulation layer could effectively increase the greenhouse temperature by 1.2~4.0°C. SW had the lowest unit cost (USD 282.52/°C), but it limited the increase in greenhouse air temperature. Covering the outer surface of the north wall with insulation layer has better profitability and higher cost performance than that of the side wall and the north roof. During the construction of the greenhouse in high latitude and cold region, CC as the optimal solution could raise the greenhouse air temperature maximally. The optimal thickness of the external insulation layer of each maintenance structure is obtained as follows: north wall 80 mm, side wall 80 mm, north roof 100 mm.</span></span></p>
Data from: Microclimate limits thermal behaviour favourable to disease control in a nocturnal amphibian
While epizootics increasingly affect wildlife, it remains poorly understood how the environment shapes most host-pathogen systems. Here, we employ a three-step framework to study microclimate influence on ectotherm host thermal behaviour, focusing on amphibian chytridiomycosis in fire salamanders (<i>Salamandra salamandra</i>) infected with the fungal pathogen <i>Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans</i> (<i>Bsal</i>). Laboratory trials reveal that innate variation in thermal preference, rather than behavioural fever, can inhibit infection and facilitate salamander recovery under humidity-saturated conditions. Yet, a three-year field study and a mesocosm experiment close to the invasive <i>Bsal</i> range show that microclimate constraints suppress host thermal behaviour favourable to disease control. A final mechanistic model, that estimates range-wide, year-round host body temperature relative to local microclimate, suggests that these constraints are rule rather than exception. Our results demonstrate how amphibian innate host defences against epizootics may remain constrained in the wild, which predisposes to range-wide disease outbreaks and population declines.
Data from: Microclimate limits thermal behaviour favourable to disease control in a nocturnal amphibian
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Data from: Fine with heat, problems with water: microclimate alters water loss in a thermally adapted insular lizard
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Data from: Lizards in the mist: thermal niches constrained by habitat and microclimates in the Andes of southern Bolivia
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Effect of external thermal insulation layer on the Chinese solar greenhouse microclimate
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gmkov/microclimate.thermal.tolerance.Heliconius-JEB-2020: Data and scripts for "Microclimate buffering and thermal tolerance across elevations in a tropical butterfly"
<p>Data and scripts associated with the article "Microclimate buffering and thermal tolerance across elevations in a tropical butterfly", Journal of Experimental Biology (2020), by Gabriela Montejo-Kovacevich, Simon H. Martin, Joana I. Meier, Caroline N. Bacquet, Monica Monllor, Chris D. Jiggins & Nicola J. Nadeau</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.