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26 results for “Transnational”
A Review of Transnational Migrant Entrepreneurship
<p>The spatialities of migrant entrepreneurship have changed dynamically in recent decades. Movements and exchanges transcend national borders more than ever, and transnational migrant entrepreneurship has become a burgeoning field of research. Yet, knowledge is dispersed across disciplines, and an understanding of contemporary spatialities is limited. We review 155 articles published in English, French, German, and Spanish since 2009, thereby providing an overview of existing knowledge on transnational migrant entrepreneurship and suggesting avenues for future research. We identify five current topical areas of research: (1) the business advantages of transnational migrant entrepreneurship, (2) the determinants of becoming a transnational migrant entrepreneur, (3) the transnational networks of migrants, (4) the economic impacts of transnational migrant entrepreneurship on home and host countries, and (5) whether local environments enable or deter entrepreneurial success. Building on our synthesis of the most recent literature, we propose three crucial dimensions which have been under-researched in past and current work, and which address the diversity of geographical locations, spatial connections, and spatial mobilities involved in transnational migrant entrepreneurship. Moreover, we put forward a set of questions for future research which will advance a comprehension of unequal opportunities among transnational migrant entrepreneurs.</p>
GEOLAB - Transnational Access project QC-CEM - Mapping quick clay with geophysical methods
<p>Quick clay is characterised by complete collapse and liquid-like mobility when overloaded. Quick clay is found primarily in Norway and Sweden, but also exists in Finland, Russia, Canada and Alaska. Quick clay landslides, with their retrogression characteristics and extreme mobility, pose significant risk to human lives, infrastructure, property and surrounding ecosystems. Hence, the proper characterization of quick clay sites is essential for ensuring the safety and resilience of infrastructure in Norway and elsewhere in Europe.<br> The current practice for mapping quick clay in Norway relies heavily on borehole data with either rotary sounding or total sounding and core samples tested in the laboratory. The only method for identifying quick clay with certainty is physical testing in the laboratory, but it is time-consuming, expensive and gives limited information, i.e., only at the depths and locations where the samples are taken. In Norway, rotary sounding and total soundings are frequently used in mapping of quick clay. There is increasing interest in using geophysical methods such as Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) to supplement the results from soundings, particularly in early stage of ground investigation for mapping of quick clay. ERT is a near surface geophysical method that uses direct current to measure the earth's electrical resistivity. The current is injected into the subsurface through steel electrodes installed 10-20 cm into the ground, and the apparent resistivity distribution along a profile or area is measured. Using data processing and inverse modelling a 2D or 3D resistivity model of the subsurface can be derived.<br> Geophysical methods such as ERT show capability to identify not quick clay such as sand, silt, dry crust, moraine and bed rock reasonably accurate, but the identification of quick clay is still generally limited. The detection of leached clay (thus potentially quick clay) is however possible.<br> Transnational Access project QC-CEM is funded through the 1st call for proposal for the GEOLAB project. This project aims at testing various geophysical methods for their capability for soil characterisation, particularly for detecting quick clay.</p> <p>The objectives of the QC-CEM project are:<br> (i) to test different configurations of Electrical Resistivity Tomography survey for detection of quick clay<br> (ii) to test innovative and efficient electromagnetic based methods for mapping of quick clay. Results from this investigation is not available to share at this stage.<br> (iii) to investigation the effectiveness of cross-interpretation using different geophysical methods for soil characterisation. The results from this activity will be published in open publication after they are processed.</p>
GEOLAB - Transnational Access project SHARP - Soil Heterogeneity for soil Amelioration in Road Projects
<p><span>The SHARP - Soil Heterogeneity for soil Amelioration in Road Projects experiment proposes a novel approach to subgrade improvement: the strategic placement of gravel or other recycled aggregates in a layered configuration. This methodology aims to achieve a sufficient enhancement of the subgrade's mechanical properties, potentially eliminating the need for more resource-intensive and environmentally impactful techniques. The current research phase focuses on the evaluation of performance improvement in silt through the introduction of gravel layers via large-scale triaxial testing. Numerical simulations have already yielded promising results, highlighting the potential of this approach. However, the inherent size disparity between gravel and silt particles necessitates the use of large-scale testing equipment to accurately capture their composite behavior and avoid scale issues. Conventional triaxial equipment, typically limited to 10 cm diameter specimens, is inadequate for this purpose. The utilization of a large-scale triaxial apparatus facilitates the acquisition of reliable data directly applicable to real-world road and railway construction practices.</span></p> <p><span>The traditional Terzaghi method for analyzing consolidation (settling) in soils is not accurate for layered soils with different compressibility characteristics. This is a well-established fact (Schiffman & Stein, 1970; Lee et al., 1992). Previous research (Huang & Griffiths, 2010) has also shown that using the Terzaghi method for layered soils in finite element modeling can lead to inaccurate results due to issues with flow continuity at the interfaces between layers. This highlights the importance of studying consolidation in layered soils, both for practical reasons (ensuring the proposed solution is viable) and to gain a deeper theoretical understanding (the heterogeneity effect on consolidating silty soil).</span></p> <p><span>While numerical simulations have suggested that adding gravel layers to silty soil can significantly improve slope stability (Bossi et al., 2016), this needs experimental validation. Smaller lab specimens are not suitable due to the size difference between gravel and silt.</span></p> <p><span>The test performed within the SHARP project aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a "patchy" gravel-in-silt mix on volumetric changes and shear strength. This approach aims to be practical for construction crews by allowing the gravel to be spread in lenses within the existing subgrade. This would simplify construction and ensure a minimum level of performance for the improved subgrade.</span></p> <p><span>Ultimately, the goal is to use the data from these tests to assess the validity of using an "average friction angle" approach (Elkateb, 2003) for layered soils, considering the impact of the spatial distribution of the gravel layers. Numerical modeling can help answer these questions, but data for validation are necessary.</span></p>
Weaving transnational spaces: Peruvian and Colombian suitcase traders moving across South American borders"
<p> List of codes used to analyse the qualitative interviews as well as list of persons interviewed for this article </p>
A transnational newspaper dataset covering Spenceanism
<p>To analyse the media legacy of English radical thinker Thomas Spence (1750–1814), his revolutionary "Plan", and his disciples (the "Spencean Philanthropists") in global press circuits, a dataset consisting of 275 Spencean-related articles in newspapers from Ireland (106 articles), the British West Indies (35), British India (29), the Australian colonies (4), Canada (1), and the United States (100) was created. The corpus consists of either the full text of each article or relevant extracts, as well as additional metadata such as source, date, title (if applicable), keyword, and region. In particular, the following databases have been relied upon: the Irish Newspaper Archives for Ireland, the Caribbean Newspapers: Digital Library of the Caribbean and Caribbean Newspapers 1718–1876 for the British West Indies, Newspapers & Gazettes – Trove for Australia, America's Historical Newspapers and Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers for the US, Newspapers.com by Ancestry for Canada, Ireland, and the US, and the British Newspaper Archive for British India, Ireland, and the Caribbean. These databases were searched using the following keywords: "Thomas Spence" [1750–1814], "Spence's Plan", "Spencean" / "Spenceans", and "Spenceanism"; "swinish multitude", "people's farm", and "pigs' meat" were also used. All databases checked for Australia, the Caribbean, India, and Canada have been exhausted, and many Irish and US-American articles have also been grabbed. Due to the low scan quality of databases, most articles needed to be copied and corrected manually. The 275 articles of the corpus consist of 167,515 tokens. In addition, 157 articles on Spence and the Spenceans from British newspapers have been downloaded, too, and were added to this dataset for qualitative analysis and comparative purposes. Overall, the dataset made available here thus consists of 432 articles. The results from analysing this corpus are shown and discussed in a paper entitled "Transnational Echoes of Spenceanism: A Text Mining Exploration in English-Language Newspapers (1790–1850)", which is accepted for publication in the International Review of Social History (IRSH).</p>
Paradigm Shifts in Environmental Policies: The Role of Digital Communication and Knowledge Exchange in the T20/G20 Transnational Policy Community
<p>Discussion:<br> Do you see paradigm shifts in environmental policies in Indonesia?<br> Can transnational research based policy advice, as performed by the T20, be an incubator for paradigm shifts?<br> What role does/could/should digital knowledge exchange play?</p>
GEOLAB - Transnational Access project LIWEMAT – Deformation characterisation of LIghtWEight foundation MATerials
<p>Proper use of lightweight materials as construction material for various types of infrastructure brings a lot of advantages to European critical infrastructure related to weight reduction and prevention of progressive heating or freezing of its structural elements.</p> <p>Large-scale Triaxial Apparatus was used to perform the loading tests, which enables the characterization of materials at very small strain ranges with a very high accuracy level of load-displacement control. The apparatus has rigid confining aluminum frames with a height of 3 cm and cross-section of 40 x 40 cm, enabling prismatic specimens with a height of up to 80 cm to be tested.</p> <p>This research aims to determine the characteristics of expanded clay and foamed glass aggregates through laboratory testing, performing cyclic loading for the stiffness and damping evaluation, which would be beneficial parameters for numerical simulations.</p> <p>Testing material</p> <p>The foam glass aggregate has a homogeneous microstructure with approximate uniform shape and sizes. Foam glass aggregate is considered one of the best solid isolation materials with several unique properties. It can be widely used in many applications such as basement walls, foundations, floors and roofs, terrace and garden covers, rooftops, and parking areas.</p> <p>The expanded clay aggregate is round shape with different sizes with small, air-filled cavities, with dark brown, reddish, brown-red or gray colors, which depends on the chemical composition of the expanded clay. The lightweight expanded clay aggregate has bulk density from 250 kg/m<sup>3</sup> to 710 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, mostly dependent on the size of the aggregate.</p> <p> </p>
Global Transnational Mobility Dataset
<p>The <strong>Global Transnational Mobility Dataset</strong> provides estimates of country-to-country cross-border human travels on the basis of worldwide statistics on tourism and air passenger traffic. The two sources are adjusted and merged, resulting into a set of data that covers more than 15 billion estimated travels over the years 2011 to 2016.</p>
GEOLAB Transnational Access project RELERT - Risk and reliability study in quick clay
<p>Quick clay is characterised by complete collapse and liquid-like mobility when overloaded. Quick clay is found primarily in Norway and Sweden, but also exists in Finland, Russia, Canada and Alaska. Quick clay landslides, with their retrogression characteristics and extreme mobility, pose significant risk to human lives, infrastructure, property and surrounding ecosystems. Hence, the proper characterization of quick clay sites is essential for ensuring the safety and resilience of infrastructure in Norway and elsewhere in Europe.</p> <p>The current practice for mapping quick clay in Norway relies heavily on borehole data with either rotary sounding or total sounding and core samples tested in the laboratory. The only method for identifying quick clay with certainty is physical testing in the laboratory, but it is time-consuming, expensive and gives limited information, i.e., only at the depths and locations where the sample is taken. In Norway, rotary sounding and total soundings are frequently used in mapping of quick clay. In addition, geophysical methods such as Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) are also occasionally used to supplement the results from soundings, particularly in early stage of ground investigation. Rotary sounding is regarded as the most cost-effective method for detecting potentially quick clay pockets.</p> <p>The accuracy of quick clay mapping by a certain ground investigation method increases with increasing number of boreholes and decreasing distances to the boreholes in the area of interest. The accuracy is also increased with additional data sources such as ERT and/or other geophysical methods. Each rotary sounding, for example, provides information on the potential occurrence of quick clay with high accuracy at its location, but the accuracy decreases with increasing distance from the actual location of the rotary sounding. Current practice of mapping quick clay rarely deals with uncertainties associated with ground investigations quantitatively. The uncertainties arise due to various sources including the interpretation of the rotary sounding, the number of soundings and the distance from the soundings, the equipment itself and the testing procedure. Dealing with uncertainty currently relies heavily on engineering judgement, which is subjective.</p> <p>Transnational Access project RELERT is funded through the 1<sup>st</sup> call for proposal for the GEOLAB project. This project aims at developing models and validated on results from field testing to deal with uncertainty in ground characterisation in quick clay area more quantitatively.</p> <p>The objectives of the RELERT project are:</p> <p>(i) to obtain and process ground investigation data profiles at the Tiller-Flotten quick clay site (i.e. rotary soundings and ERT (electrical resistivity tomography) profiles. Notes: some of the data reported is obtained in earlier field investigation campaign but are processed and reported in this projects.</p> <p>(ii) to build a mathematical model that characterizes the spatial variability of quick clays in Norway and</p> <p>(iii) to develop a methodology for reliability assessment of quick clay sites under retrogressive failure.</p> <p>We employ rotary soundings, soil samples and will use ERT-results in further study to learn the parameters of a hierarchical random field model, recently proposed by the user group for modelling the inherent spatial variability of material properties. The parameters of the model is learned by application of Bayesian analysis on the ground investigation data.</p> <p>In further studies, we plan to use the model in slope reliability assessments under retrogressive slope failure through application of Monte Carlo methods. The results of the study are and will be documented in joint publications of the host and user groups.</p>
GEOLAB - Transnational Access project HSRTSUB - Resilient behaviour of stabilized and conventional high-speed's rail track subgrades under different drainage conditions and seat loads
<p>In this study, the shear strength of track ballast material is evaluated by testing different types of track ballast specimens, which was conducted in a Large-scale Triaxial Apparatus at ZAG ) that has a shear area of 40 cm x 40 cm and can accommodate specimens up to 80 cm high. It enable loading of specimens in simple shear mode.</p> <p>The tests, which were conducted within HSRTSUB project, include two different types of ballast, the fouled ballast samples and the clean ballast samples, and two different specimen preparation techniques (with and without compaction). The normal stresses used cover a wide range from 50 to 400 kPa.</p> <p>The European standard EN13450 "Aggregates for railway ballast" was used. This standard specifies the properties of aggregates obtained by processing natural, manufactured or recycled crushed unbound aggregates for use in the construction of the upper layer of railway track. For the purposes of this standard, the aggregate is referred to as track ballast.</p> <p>Tests were conducted under unsaturated conditions with two types of lightweight materials:</p> <p>- fouled ballast aggregates and</p> <p>- clean ballast aggregates</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: McGrannachan CM, Pagad S, McGeoch MA (2021) A multiregional assessment of transnational pathways of introduction. NeoBiota 64: 43-67. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.64.60642
Figure S1. Cumulative introduction events between 1800 and 2017 for a) interconnected waterways and natural dispersal pathway subcategories and b) unknown pathway subcategories
Supplementary material 2 from: McGrannachan CM, Pagad S, McGeoch MA (2021) A multiregional assessment of transnational pathways of introduction. NeoBiota 64: 43-67. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.64.60642
Appendix S1. Guidelines for the recording of dates of introduction/ first record and conversion of dates to whole numbers
Data from: Genetic changes caused by restocking and hydroelectric dams in demographically bottlenecked brown trout in a transnational subarctic riverine system
Habitat discontinuity, anthropogenic disturbance, and overharvesting have led to population fragmentation and declines worldwide. Preservation of remaining natural genetic diversity is crucial to avoid continued genetic erosion. Brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) is an ideal model species for studying anthropogenic influences on genetic integrity, as it has experienced significant genetic alterations throughout its natural distribution range due to habitat fragmentation, overexploitation, translocations, and stocking. The Pasvik River is a subarctic riverine system shared between Norway, Russia and Finland, subdivided by seven hydroelectric power dams that destroyed about 70% of natural spawning and nursing areas. Stocking is applied in certain river parts to support the natural brown trout population. Adjacent river segments with different management strategies (stocked versus not stocked) facilitated the simultaneous assessment of genetic impacts of dams and stocking based on analyses of 16 short tandem repeat loci. Dams were expected to increase genetic differentiation between and reduce genetic diversity within river sections. Contrastingly, stocking was predicted to promote genetic homogenization and diversity, but also potentially lead to loss of private alleles and to genetic erosion. Our results showed comparatively low heterozygosity and clear genetic differentiation between adjacent sections in non-stocked river parts, indicating that dams prevent migration and contribute to genetic isolation and loss of genetic diversity. Furthermore, genetic differentiation was low and heterozygosity relatively high across stocked sections. However, in stocked river sections, we found signatures of recent bottlenecks and reductions in private alleles, indicating that only a subset of individuals contribute to reproduction, potentially leading to divergence away from the natural genetic state. Taken together, these results indicate that stocking counteracts the negative fragmentation effects of dams, but also that stocking practices should be planned carefully in order to ensure long-term preservation of natural genetic diversity and integrity in brown trout and other species in regulated river systems.
GEOLAB - Transnational Access project JELLYFISh - Field testing of Medusa DMT
<p>The project <strong>JELLYFISh</strong> <em>(<strong>A Just-released innovativE in-situ soiL testing technoLogY (Medusa DMT/SDMT) For enhancing the resilience of the critical InfraStructure in Europe</strong></em><em>)</em> aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on geotechnical characterization of soil deposits commonly encountered in risk-sensitive areas (intermediate soils, soft clays, quick clays, loose sands), often associated to multiple geo-hazards that may negatively interact with CI networks. Improvements in geotechnical approaches to analysis and mitigation of such hazards, in order to increase the resilience of the CI, rely significantly on enhanced characterization of soil behaviour.</p> <p> </p> <p>The methodology employed for this purpose is the innovative Medusa (S)DMT in-situ soil testing technology. The research project is based on an extensive experimental in-situ testing program with Medusa (S)DMT in different soil types at benchmark Geo-Test Sites (NGTS), part of the research infrastructure managed by the NGI. A comprehensive high-quality soil database, including data from field and laboratory tests, published articles and reports, is available from NGI. The sites (target soil types) that were recognized of specific interest for this project are Halden (silt), Onsøy (soft clay), Tiller-Flotten (quick clay), and Øysand (sand).</p> <p>The project benefits from the collaboration of users from industry and academia, making use of the access to the GEOLAB facility to test and implement new technology solutions. The relevant Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of the project is in the group (TRL4-7), pertaining to technology development of solutions to enhance the resilience of the CI.</p> <p> </p> <p>The main objectives of the project and their significance in terms of innovation / advancement of knowledge are:</p> <ul> <li>Innovative approach for characterizing the in-situ behaviour of intermediate soils by Medusa DMT tests at variable pressurization/penetration rates, in combination with available data from variable-rate CPTU tests.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Advancement in soil property characterization of soft clay deposits by innovative in-situ testing procedures (e.g., in-situ horizontal stress / coefficient of earth pressure at rest <em>K</em><sub>0</sub> from continuous measurement of total horizontal pressure during Medusa DMT penetration).</li> <li>Novel approach for mapping quick clay layers by innovative in-situ testing procedures (continuous measurement of total horizontal pressure during Medusa DMT penetration).</li> <li>Improvement of DMT interpretation in sand, including the investigation of the effect of fines content and partial drainage (to be introduced into DMT-based simplified methods for liquefaction assessment).</li> </ul>
Weightlifting during the COVID-19 pandemic—A transnational study regarding motivation, barriers, and coping of master athletes
<p></p><p>Sport has been heavily impacted by the pandemic for over a year with restrictions and closures of facilities. The main aims of this study are to identify motivation and barriers for an international group of Master weightlifters (ages 35 and up) and analyze age and gender differences in pandemic-related changes to physical activities. A sample of 1051 older athletes, 523 women and 528 men, aged from 35 to 88 years, from Australia, Canada, Europe, and the USA provided responses to an online survey conducted in June 2021. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine age, gender, and regional differences about motivation, barriers, and pandemic impact on sport and physical activities. Participants showed enthusiasm for the opportunity to compete despite health challenges with increasing age but faced barriers due to access to training facilities and qualified coaches even before the pandemic. The oldest athletes had the greatest reduction in physical activities during the pandemic. Weightlifters had the opportunity to compete in virtual competitions and 44% would like to see some of these continued in the future, especially women. These findings highlight the benefits of competitive sports and may provide future directions in strength sports for organizations, sports clubs, and coaches.</p><p></p>
Sophie Gebeil and Federico Nanni: Comparing online transnational events: a methodological challenge
<p>Sophie Gebeil and Federico Nanni: Comparing online transnational events: a methodological challenge</p> <p>WARCnet Luxembourg meeting Thursday 5 November 2020</p>
Data from: Genetic changes caused by restocking and hydroelectric dams in demographically bottlenecked brown trout in a transnational subarctic riverine system
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Weightlifting during the COVID-19 pandemic—A transnational study regarding motivation, barriers, and coping of master athletes
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Supplementary material 3 from: McGrannachan CM, Pagad S, McGeoch MA (2021) A multiregional assessment of transnational pathways of introduction. NeoBiota 64: 43-67. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.64.60642
Table S1. List of 101 countries used in the analysis of introduction pathway trends
THE ROLE OF TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN THE WORLD ECONOMY
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.