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6 results for “Transnational Access”
GEOLAB - Transnational Access project QC-CEM - Mapping quick clay with geophysical methods
<p>Quick clay is characterised by complete collapse and liquid-like mobility when overloaded. Quick clay is found primarily in Norway and Sweden, but also exists in Finland, Russia, Canada and Alaska. Quick clay landslides, with their retrogression characteristics and extreme mobility, pose significant risk to human lives, infrastructure, property and surrounding ecosystems. Hence, the proper characterization of quick clay sites is essential for ensuring the safety and resilience of infrastructure in Norway and elsewhere in Europe.<br> The current practice for mapping quick clay in Norway relies heavily on borehole data with either rotary sounding or total sounding and core samples tested in the laboratory. The only method for identifying quick clay with certainty is physical testing in the laboratory, but it is time-consuming, expensive and gives limited information, i.e., only at the depths and locations where the samples are taken. In Norway, rotary sounding and total soundings are frequently used in mapping of quick clay. There is increasing interest in using geophysical methods such as Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) to supplement the results from soundings, particularly in early stage of ground investigation for mapping of quick clay. ERT is a near surface geophysical method that uses direct current to measure the earth's electrical resistivity. The current is injected into the subsurface through steel electrodes installed 10-20 cm into the ground, and the apparent resistivity distribution along a profile or area is measured. Using data processing and inverse modelling a 2D or 3D resistivity model of the subsurface can be derived.<br> Geophysical methods such as ERT show capability to identify not quick clay such as sand, silt, dry crust, moraine and bed rock reasonably accurate, but the identification of quick clay is still generally limited. The detection of leached clay (thus potentially quick clay) is however possible.<br> Transnational Access project QC-CEM is funded through the 1st call for proposal for the GEOLAB project. This project aims at testing various geophysical methods for their capability for soil characterisation, particularly for detecting quick clay.</p> <p>The objectives of the QC-CEM project are:<br> (i) to test different configurations of Electrical Resistivity Tomography survey for detection of quick clay<br> (ii) to test innovative and efficient electromagnetic based methods for mapping of quick clay. Results from this investigation is not available to share at this stage.<br> (iii) to investigation the effectiveness of cross-interpretation using different geophysical methods for soil characterisation. The results from this activity will be published in open publication after they are processed.</p>
GEOLAB - Transnational Access project SHARP - Soil Heterogeneity for soil Amelioration in Road Projects
<p><span>The SHARP - Soil Heterogeneity for soil Amelioration in Road Projects experiment proposes a novel approach to subgrade improvement: the strategic placement of gravel or other recycled aggregates in a layered configuration. This methodology aims to achieve a sufficient enhancement of the subgrade's mechanical properties, potentially eliminating the need for more resource-intensive and environmentally impactful techniques. The current research phase focuses on the evaluation of performance improvement in silt through the introduction of gravel layers via large-scale triaxial testing. Numerical simulations have already yielded promising results, highlighting the potential of this approach. However, the inherent size disparity between gravel and silt particles necessitates the use of large-scale testing equipment to accurately capture their composite behavior and avoid scale issues. Conventional triaxial equipment, typically limited to 10 cm diameter specimens, is inadequate for this purpose. The utilization of a large-scale triaxial apparatus facilitates the acquisition of reliable data directly applicable to real-world road and railway construction practices.</span></p> <p><span>The traditional Terzaghi method for analyzing consolidation (settling) in soils is not accurate for layered soils with different compressibility characteristics. This is a well-established fact (Schiffman & Stein, 1970; Lee et al., 1992). Previous research (Huang & Griffiths, 2010) has also shown that using the Terzaghi method for layered soils in finite element modeling can lead to inaccurate results due to issues with flow continuity at the interfaces between layers. This highlights the importance of studying consolidation in layered soils, both for practical reasons (ensuring the proposed solution is viable) and to gain a deeper theoretical understanding (the heterogeneity effect on consolidating silty soil).</span></p> <p><span>While numerical simulations have suggested that adding gravel layers to silty soil can significantly improve slope stability (Bossi et al., 2016), this needs experimental validation. Smaller lab specimens are not suitable due to the size difference between gravel and silt.</span></p> <p><span>The test performed within the SHARP project aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a "patchy" gravel-in-silt mix on volumetric changes and shear strength. This approach aims to be practical for construction crews by allowing the gravel to be spread in lenses within the existing subgrade. This would simplify construction and ensure a minimum level of performance for the improved subgrade.</span></p> <p><span>Ultimately, the goal is to use the data from these tests to assess the validity of using an "average friction angle" approach (Elkateb, 2003) for layered soils, considering the impact of the spatial distribution of the gravel layers. Numerical modeling can help answer these questions, but data for validation are necessary.</span></p>
GEOLAB - Transnational Access project LIWEMAT – Deformation characterisation of LIghtWEight foundation MATerials
<p>Proper use of lightweight materials as construction material for various types of infrastructure brings a lot of advantages to European critical infrastructure related to weight reduction and prevention of progressive heating or freezing of its structural elements.</p> <p>Large-scale Triaxial Apparatus was used to perform the loading tests, which enables the characterization of materials at very small strain ranges with a very high accuracy level of load-displacement control. The apparatus has rigid confining aluminum frames with a height of 3 cm and cross-section of 40 x 40 cm, enabling prismatic specimens with a height of up to 80 cm to be tested.</p> <p>This research aims to determine the characteristics of expanded clay and foamed glass aggregates through laboratory testing, performing cyclic loading for the stiffness and damping evaluation, which would be beneficial parameters for numerical simulations.</p> <p>Testing material</p> <p>The foam glass aggregate has a homogeneous microstructure with approximate uniform shape and sizes. Foam glass aggregate is considered one of the best solid isolation materials with several unique properties. It can be widely used in many applications such as basement walls, foundations, floors and roofs, terrace and garden covers, rooftops, and parking areas.</p> <p>The expanded clay aggregate is round shape with different sizes with small, air-filled cavities, with dark brown, reddish, brown-red or gray colors, which depends on the chemical composition of the expanded clay. The lightweight expanded clay aggregate has bulk density from 250 kg/m<sup>3</sup> to 710 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, mostly dependent on the size of the aggregate.</p> <p> </p>
GEOLAB Transnational Access project RELERT - Risk and reliability study in quick clay
<p>Quick clay is characterised by complete collapse and liquid-like mobility when overloaded. Quick clay is found primarily in Norway and Sweden, but also exists in Finland, Russia, Canada and Alaska. Quick clay landslides, with their retrogression characteristics and extreme mobility, pose significant risk to human lives, infrastructure, property and surrounding ecosystems. Hence, the proper characterization of quick clay sites is essential for ensuring the safety and resilience of infrastructure in Norway and elsewhere in Europe.</p> <p>The current practice for mapping quick clay in Norway relies heavily on borehole data with either rotary sounding or total sounding and core samples tested in the laboratory. The only method for identifying quick clay with certainty is physical testing in the laboratory, but it is time-consuming, expensive and gives limited information, i.e., only at the depths and locations where the sample is taken. In Norway, rotary sounding and total soundings are frequently used in mapping of quick clay. In addition, geophysical methods such as Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) are also occasionally used to supplement the results from soundings, particularly in early stage of ground investigation. Rotary sounding is regarded as the most cost-effective method for detecting potentially quick clay pockets.</p> <p>The accuracy of quick clay mapping by a certain ground investigation method increases with increasing number of boreholes and decreasing distances to the boreholes in the area of interest. The accuracy is also increased with additional data sources such as ERT and/or other geophysical methods. Each rotary sounding, for example, provides information on the potential occurrence of quick clay with high accuracy at its location, but the accuracy decreases with increasing distance from the actual location of the rotary sounding. Current practice of mapping quick clay rarely deals with uncertainties associated with ground investigations quantitatively. The uncertainties arise due to various sources including the interpretation of the rotary sounding, the number of soundings and the distance from the soundings, the equipment itself and the testing procedure. Dealing with uncertainty currently relies heavily on engineering judgement, which is subjective.</p> <p>Transnational Access project RELERT is funded through the 1<sup>st</sup> call for proposal for the GEOLAB project. This project aims at developing models and validated on results from field testing to deal with uncertainty in ground characterisation in quick clay area more quantitatively.</p> <p>The objectives of the RELERT project are:</p> <p>(i) to obtain and process ground investigation data profiles at the Tiller-Flotten quick clay site (i.e. rotary soundings and ERT (electrical resistivity tomography) profiles. Notes: some of the data reported is obtained in earlier field investigation campaign but are processed and reported in this projects.</p> <p>(ii) to build a mathematical model that characterizes the spatial variability of quick clays in Norway and</p> <p>(iii) to develop a methodology for reliability assessment of quick clay sites under retrogressive failure.</p> <p>We employ rotary soundings, soil samples and will use ERT-results in further study to learn the parameters of a hierarchical random field model, recently proposed by the user group for modelling the inherent spatial variability of material properties. The parameters of the model is learned by application of Bayesian analysis on the ground investigation data.</p> <p>In further studies, we plan to use the model in slope reliability assessments under retrogressive slope failure through application of Monte Carlo methods. The results of the study are and will be documented in joint publications of the host and user groups.</p>
GEOLAB - Transnational Access project HSRTSUB - Resilient behaviour of stabilized and conventional high-speed's rail track subgrades under different drainage conditions and seat loads
<p>In this study, the shear strength of track ballast material is evaluated by testing different types of track ballast specimens, which was conducted in a Large-scale Triaxial Apparatus at ZAG ) that has a shear area of 40 cm x 40 cm and can accommodate specimens up to 80 cm high. It enable loading of specimens in simple shear mode.</p> <p>The tests, which were conducted within HSRTSUB project, include two different types of ballast, the fouled ballast samples and the clean ballast samples, and two different specimen preparation techniques (with and without compaction). The normal stresses used cover a wide range from 50 to 400 kPa.</p> <p>The European standard EN13450 "Aggregates for railway ballast" was used. This standard specifies the properties of aggregates obtained by processing natural, manufactured or recycled crushed unbound aggregates for use in the construction of the upper layer of railway track. For the purposes of this standard, the aggregate is referred to as track ballast.</p> <p>Tests were conducted under unsaturated conditions with two types of lightweight materials:</p> <p>- fouled ballast aggregates and</p> <p>- clean ballast aggregates</p>
GEOLAB - Transnational Access project JELLYFISh - Field testing of Medusa DMT
<p>The project <strong>JELLYFISh</strong> <em>(<strong>A Just-released innovativE in-situ soiL testing technoLogY (Medusa DMT/SDMT) For enhancing the resilience of the critical InfraStructure in Europe</strong></em><em>)</em> aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on geotechnical characterization of soil deposits commonly encountered in risk-sensitive areas (intermediate soils, soft clays, quick clays, loose sands), often associated to multiple geo-hazards that may negatively interact with CI networks. Improvements in geotechnical approaches to analysis and mitigation of such hazards, in order to increase the resilience of the CI, rely significantly on enhanced characterization of soil behaviour.</p> <p> </p> <p>The methodology employed for this purpose is the innovative Medusa (S)DMT in-situ soil testing technology. The research project is based on an extensive experimental in-situ testing program with Medusa (S)DMT in different soil types at benchmark Geo-Test Sites (NGTS), part of the research infrastructure managed by the NGI. A comprehensive high-quality soil database, including data from field and laboratory tests, published articles and reports, is available from NGI. The sites (target soil types) that were recognized of specific interest for this project are Halden (silt), Onsøy (soft clay), Tiller-Flotten (quick clay), and Øysand (sand).</p> <p>The project benefits from the collaboration of users from industry and academia, making use of the access to the GEOLAB facility to test and implement new technology solutions. The relevant Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of the project is in the group (TRL4-7), pertaining to technology development of solutions to enhance the resilience of the CI.</p> <p> </p> <p>The main objectives of the project and their significance in terms of innovation / advancement of knowledge are:</p> <ul> <li>Innovative approach for characterizing the in-situ behaviour of intermediate soils by Medusa DMT tests at variable pressurization/penetration rates, in combination with available data from variable-rate CPTU tests.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Advancement in soil property characterization of soft clay deposits by innovative in-situ testing procedures (e.g., in-situ horizontal stress / coefficient of earth pressure at rest <em>K</em><sub>0</sub> from continuous measurement of total horizontal pressure during Medusa DMT penetration).</li> <li>Novel approach for mapping quick clay layers by innovative in-situ testing procedures (continuous measurement of total horizontal pressure during Medusa DMT penetration).</li> <li>Improvement of DMT interpretation in sand, including the investigation of the effect of fines content and partial drainage (to be introduced into DMT-based simplified methods for liquefaction assessment).</li> </ul>
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