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14 results for “Tree cavity”
Secondary Amazon rainforest partially recovers tree cavities suitable for nesting birds in 18–34 years
<p>Passive restoration of secondary forests can partially offset loss of biodiversity following tropical deforestation. Tree cavities, an essential resource for cavity-nesting birds, are usually associated with old forest. We investigated the restoration time for tree cavities suitable for cavity-nesting birds in secondary forest at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) in central Amazonian Brazil. We hypothesized that cavity abundance would increase with forest age, but more rapidly in areas exposed to cutting only, compared to areas where forest was cut and burned. We also hypothesized that cavities would be lower, smaller, and less variable in secondary forest than in old-growth forest, which at the BDFFP is part of a vast lowland forest with no recent history of human disturbance. We used pole-mounted cameras and tree-climbing to survey cavities in 39 plots (each 200 × 40 m) across old-growth forests and 11–34 year-old secondary forests. We used generalized linear models to examine how cavity supply was related to forest age and land-use history (cut only vs cut-and-burn), and principal components analysis to compare cavity characteristics between old-growth and secondary forest. Cavity availability increased with secondary forest age, regardless of land-use history, but the oldest secondary forest (31–34 years) still had fewer cavities (mean ± SE = 9.8 ± 2.2 cavities/ha) than old-growth forest (20.5 ± 4.2 cavities/ha). Moreover, secondary forests lacked cavities that were high and deep, with large entrances – characteristics likely to be important for many species of cavity-nesting birds. Several decades may be necessary to restore cavity supply in secondary Amazonian forests, especially for the largest birds (e.g, forest-falcons and parrots > 190 g). Retention of legacy trees as forest is cleared might help maintain a supply of cavities that could allow earlier recolonization by some species of cavity-nesting birds when cleared areas are abandoned.</p>
Fig. 1 in Nest Entry Shape Change May Cause Nest Abandonment In Urban Cavity-Nesting Species: A Case Study Of The Tree Sparrow Passer Montanus
Fig. 1. Location of the study area (left) and examples of Tree Sparrow nests at the study sites (right). Site 1: Agricultural Practical Training Center, Chonnam National University,
Data from: Cavities and the demographic performance of tropical rainforest trees
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Secondary Amazon rainforest partially recovers tree cavities suitable for nesting birds in 18–34 years
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Lava tree cavity at Takapuna
1.5m wide cavity thought to have been formed by lava from Pupuke volcano flowing around a kauri tree around 200,000 years ago. Near Brett Ave, Takapuna, Auckland, New Zealand. My 3D model from photos generated with photogrammetry software 3DF Zephyr v4.009 processing 12 images Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Lesser Woodcreepers (Xiphorhynchus fuscus) excavate nest cavities in trees
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>To understand the evolution, life-history trade-offs, and population ecology of cavity nesters, it is critical to identify the avian lineages and circumstances in which birds excavate tree cavities. Woodcreepers (Furnariidae: Dendrocolaptinae; 56 species) are considered non-excavators dependent on existing cavities. We overturn this assumption by providing definitive evidence that the Lesser Woodcreeper (<em>Xiphorhynchus fuscus</em>, 23 g) is a facultative tree-cavity excavator. From 2007 to 2022 in the Atlantic forest of Misiones, Argentina, they nested in pre-existing tree crevices (4 nests), or excavated in trunks of large-diameter trees or stumps in advanced stages of decay (mean: 58 cm diameter; range: 22–121 cm; 22 nests). Nest entrances were vertically elongated and chambers were usually pocket-like, excavated in the exterior of the trees (sapwood), with floors that curved along the trees' circumference. Excavating woodcreepers pulled out elongated, fibrous pieces of decayed wood with a spongy texture, tapping only when inside cavities. Published and online photographs of nests of <em>Xiphorhynchus</em> species suggest that excavation may be widespread in the genus. Our observations that woodcreepers tore out elongated pieces of spongy wood (rather than hammering) are consistent with the idea that their long, thin bills are more resistant to torsion and less resistant to impact compared to the stouter bills of other excavators in Passeriformes and Piciformes. Research has tended to focus on birds with chisel-shaped bills, perforating harder sapwood to create nesting chambers in the center of heartrot-infected trees (resulting in typical woodpecker cavities, with circular floors). We hypothesize that Lesser Woodcreepers have adopted an alternative strategy, selecting large trunks with soft outer wood (sapwood), stopping their excavation radially if they reach harder wood, and then expanding the nest chamber laterally. Furnariidae may offer a useful model family for understanding ecological and evolutionary factors that influence cavity excavation.</span></p>
Dynamics of tree-cavity occupancy: Data and code
<h3>Supplementary data and code to the paper entitled “Resource suitability drives low use of avian-excavated tree cavities: a multi-state occupancy dynamics approach”</h3> <p> </p> <p>The following list indicates the names of files included as supplementary data and code, as well as a brief description of their content. File names are given by headings in italic, followed by content description.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>CavNestMisiones.rds</em> </p> <p>Contains the data used to fit the model in file <em>MSODynModel.R</em>. It includes the following objects:</p> <p> <strong>y</strong> An array with dimensions 452x20x16 showing the observed cavity states for each of 452 cavities, a maximum of 20 visits per cavity per year, and 16 years. This array contains NAs prior to the first year of cavity registration, after cavity loss, and in any year*visit combination for which there was no data for the corresponding cavity.</p> <p><strong>origen </strong>A vector with length 452 with ‘1’ for excavated and ‘2’ for non-excavated cavities.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>MSODynModel.R</em></p> <p>Model code including preliminary data processing, JAGS code for the dynamic multi-state occupancy model, and call to JAGS to fit the model. Model code includes posterior predictive checking for goodness-of-fit.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>MSMO60k.Rdata</em></p> <p>JAGs output with MCMC samples from the posterior probability distribution of model parameters.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>SimCavs.R</em></p> <p>Code for simulating cavity use.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>SimCavsFunctions.R</em></p> <p>Functions used in <em>SimCavs.R.</em></p>
Tree cavity density is a limiting factor for a secondary cavity nester in second-growth Andean temperate rainforests
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Data from: The multi‐functional use of large tree cavities by arboreal vertebrates in a temperate broadleaved forest of Eastern Europe
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Lesser Woodcreepers (Xiphorhynchus fuscus) excavate nest cavities in trees
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Sex and age differences in tree cavity dependence in a small arboreal marsupial
<p>Many mammal species depend on tree cavities for shelter and for breeding. Some species may use tree cavities as well as other varied shelters but the extent of their dependence on tree cavities is unknown. One such species is the eastern pygmy-possum (<i>Cercartetus nanus</i>) from eastern Australia which typically shelters alone. I addressed four key questions: i) do different age and sex classes differ in their preferences for small (4 cm diameter) and large (10 cm diameter) cavities, ii) does the availability of large cavities influence female breeding status, iii) does the availability of large cavities influence where adult females and males are detected, and iv) does the availability of large cavities influence survival and abundance? I provisioned two 9-ha plots containing few (≤2 per ha) 'large' natural cavities with artificial cavities in different years. When plots were provisioned with small and large cavities breeding females (<i>n</i> = 46) showed a pronounced preference for sheltering in the large cavities whilst adult males (<i>n</i> = 67) and subadults (<i>n </i>= 40) preferred the small cavities. When one plot and not the other was provisioned with large cavities adult females were significantly more likely to be reproductive and be detected on the plot with large cavities, but survival was not influenced. Detection of adult males did not vary with large cavity provisioning. The abundance of adult pygmy-possums varied among years, being higher on the plot provisioned with large cavities when the other plot was not provisioned, but equivalent when both were provisioned. The findings of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that breeding females are dependent on a large cavity to raise a litter. Other mammal species around the world are likely to exhibit similar but currently unrecognised shelter site strategies which have implications for their management.</p>
Density and characteristics of tree cavities inside and outside Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
<p>Tree cavities, formed by animal excavation or processes of fungal decay and mechanical damage, may provide nesting, roosting, or resting opportunities to many invertebrate and vertebrate species. Although cavity availability has been linked to patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning elsewhere, there have been few such studies in the Afrotropics. Here, we present a baseline survey of cavity availability inside the high elevation (<span>2,200</span>–<span>3,714 </span>m) Afromontane forest ecosystems of Volcanoes National Park (VNP), Rwanda. We aimed to provide such reference data in the form of summary statistics on cavity density and characteristics in a collection of 400 m<sup>2</sup> plots that together cover 8.8 ha inside and 0.68 ha outside VNP. We also explored the relative importance of fungal decay vs. excavators in the formation of cavities, tested for the relative role of standing dead trees and living trees as cavity substrates, considered differences in diameter and height between cavity-bearing trees and trees without cavities, determined the orientation of cavity entrances, and tested whether cavity density varies across elevation. We found 109 cavities in 52 cavity-bearing trees (dominated by <em>Hagenia</em> <em>abyssinica</em>) inside VNP, for a density of 12.4 cavities and 5.9 cavity-bearing trees per hectare, and none outside the park. More cavities were decay-formed (n = 90) than excavated (n = 19) and though most cavities were found in living trees (n = 44) the number of cavities in dead trees (n = 8) was high relative to dead tree substrate availability. We also found that cavity-bearing trees were larger than those without cavities, that excavated cavities were predominantly oriented towards the southeast and decay-formed cavities to the northeast, and that cavity density peaked near ~3,000 m. Our results show that large and dead trees of particular species are important cavity substrates that need to be given attention in conservation and management as is clearly illustrated by the lack of cavities in the highly managed Eucalyptus stands outside VNP.</p>
Density and characteristics of tree cavities inside and outside Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda
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Sex and age differences in tree cavity dependence in a small arboreal marsupial
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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