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310 results for “Tree growth”
Long-term growth, mortality and regeneration of trees in permanent vegetation plots in the Pacific Northwest, 1910 to present
A network of more than 130 permanent vegetation plots provides long-term information on patterns and rates of forest succession in most of the major forest zones of the Pacific Northwest. The plot network extends from the coast to the Cascades in western Oregon and Washington and east to ponderosa pine forests in the Oregon Cascades. Most of the permanent plots were established during two intervals: from 1910 to 1948, and from 1970 to 1989. The earlier plots were established by U.S. Forest Service researchers to quantify timber growth in young stands of important commercial species and to help answer other applied forestry questions. The more recent period of plot establishment began under the Coniferous Forest Biome program of the International Biological Program during the 1970s, and continued under the Long-term Ecological Research program. A broader set of objectives motivated plot establishment since 1970, especially quantification of composition, structure, and population and ecosystem dynamics of natural forests. Plots have one of three spatial arrangements: (1) contiguous rectangles subjectively placed within an area of homogeneous forest; (2) circular plots subjectively placed within an area of homogeneous forest; and (3) circular plots systematically located on long transects to sample an entire watershed, ridge, or reserve. Rectangular study areas are mostly 1.0 ha or 0.4 ha (1.0 ac) in size (slope-corrected). Circular plots are 0.1 ha (0.247 ac), not corrected for slope. The tree stratum is the focus of work in closed-forest study areas. All trees larger than a minimum diameter (5 cm for most areas) are permanently tagged. Plots are censused every 5 or 6 years. Attributes measured or assessed at each census include tree diameter, tree vigor, and the condition of the crown and stem. The same attributes are recorded for trees (ingrowth) that have exceeded the minimum diameter since the previous census. In many plots tree locations are surveyed to provide a
Tree Growth and Above-Ground Biomass at Harvard Forest HEM and LPH Towers since 2001
Tree diameter (“dbh”) at 1.25 m above ground were recorded and stainless steel dendrometer bands for trees above 10 cm dbh were attached. Increases in tree diameter were calculated from increases in the distance between holes punched in the dendrometer bands. Tree diameters and diameter increases were used to estimate aboveground biomass and aboveground carbon storage in order to characterize the forest at the flux tower sites, and to quantify the amount of carbon being stored aboveground annually.
Tree Growth in Hemlock and Deciduous Forests at Harvard Forest HEM and LPH Towers 2000-2005
Tree growth was measured to determine tree ages and growth rates and to quantify carbon storage in these forests, and to detect changes in growth and carbon storage that could be associated with climate changes or historic disturbances.
Tree Growth in Macrosystems Biodiversity Project at Harvard Forest 2011-2013
Patterns of biodiversity, such as the increase toward the tropics and the peaked curve during ecological succession, are fundamental phenomena for ecology. Such patterns have multiple, interacting causes, but temperature emerges as a dominant factor across organisms from microbes to trees and mammals, and across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments. However, there is little consensus on the underlying mechanisms, even as global temperatures increase and the need to predict their effects becomes more pressing. The purpose of this project is to generate and test theory for how temperature impacts biodiversity through its effect on biochemical processes and metabolic rate. A combination of standardized surveys in the field and controlled experiments in the field and laboratory measure diversity of three taxa -- trees, invertebrates, and microbes -- and key biogeochemical processes of decomposition in seven forests distributed along a geographic gradient of increasing temperature from cold temperate to warm tropical. This dataset contains annual growth measurements of trees along a series of transects using the measures of diameter at breast height and/or diameter and ground height at the five Gentry plots set up at Harvard Forest. These plots were set up by the Enquist Lab (PI, Brian Enquist) from the University of Arizona as part of a macrosystems biodiversity and latitude project supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement DEB#1065836.
Gene Expression and Tree Growth in the CTFS-ForestGEO Plot at Harvard Forest 2017-2019
Major goals in ecosystem ecology have been to scale from leaves to canopies and to determine whether individual-level, intra-species and inter-specific variation is critical for models projecting ecosystem processes now and in the future. The project is important in that it examines these issues in detail considering genotypes and levels of gene expression all the way up to canopy level CO2 flux. Ecological genomics and transcriptomics are nascent fields that have been primarily restricted to model species in natural and (mostly) controlled environments. To date, we have very few studies of non-model organisms in nature and/or studies of functional genomics through space and time. The research is producing extraordinarily rich datasets regarding the gene expression of trees across populations, through space in each population, across the growing season and across years and linking this information to growth and gas exchange. It will, therefore, provide tremendous insights into how much variation exists in nature thereby guiding sampling designs in future ecological 'omics projects. More importantly, it will provide unusually detailed phenotypic information for important non-model species that have large impacts on the CO2 flux of eastern US forests.
Tree-ring measurements from permanent plot in old-growth hemlock-hardwood forest, Huron Mts., MI
This package includes tree growth-ring widths for increment cores collected from a long-term 'macroplot' established in old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods forest at the Huron Mts. of northern MI. Tree demographic monitoring data for the entire ca. 3.0 ha macroplot are available in the EDI package edi.1416.1. In 1994 and 1995, increment cores were taken for all 'core-able' trees greater than ~ 10 cm diameter for a subsection of the macroplot about 1 ha in area, along with some additional Tsuga canadensis trees beyond that 1 ha section. Cores are NOT cross-dated. See Methods for more details. This data-package may be cross-referenced to the demographic data in edi.1416.1 using stem numbers.
Tree-ring measurements from permanent study plot in old-growth hemlock-hardwood forest, Dukes RNA, Hiawatha NF, Marquette Co., MI
This package includes tree growth-ring widths for increment cores collected from a long-term 'macroplot' established in old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods forest at the Dukes Research Natural Area/Dukes Experimental Forest in the Hiawatha National Forest in Marquette Co., MI. Tree demographic monitoring data for the entire ca. 3.0 ha macroplot, from 1992 to 2019, are available in the EDI package edi.1526.1. In 1993, 1994 and 1995, increment cores were taken for all 'core-able' trees greater than ~ 10 cm diameter for a subsection of the macroplot about 1 ha in area. Trees that were obviously badly rotten and hollow or steeply leaning were not cored. Cores are not cross-dated. See Methods for more details. This data-package may be cross-referenced to the demographic data in edi.1526.1 using stem numbers.
Tree Growth and Coarse Woody Debris in Regenerating Forests at Harvard Forest since 2008
This project is a field-based study to measure sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide in a regenerating New England forest. This study established long-term biometric plots suitable for measuring changes in carbon storage through time in three forest stands: an early-20th-century conifer plantation, a naturally regenerating former conifer plantation harvested in the 1990s, and a conifer plantation scheduled for harvest next winter. The first three years of this project determined the initial carbon budget of these forest stands, measured carbon fluxes into and out of these stands, and laid the groundwork for future investigations. Subsequent years will investigate larger-scale questions, such as how successional patterns affect carbon sequestration, and how these patterns change with stand age. The work also addresses how forestry practices influence carbon sequestration, and provide guidance for how forest management could enhance terrestrial carbon uptake in the future.
Long-term (1935-2019) tree population data from remeasurements of a large network of permanent study plots in old-growth forest, Dukes Research Natural Area, Marquette Co., MI, USA
The Dukes Research Natural Area (Hiawatha National Forest, Marquette Co., MI) amounts to ca. 100 ha of minimally disturbed original forests, including a mix of mesic 'hemlock-northern hardwood' types and peaty wetlands dominated by several species of swamp conifers and black ash (Fraxinus nigra). The RNA hosts a regular grid of 250 0.2-acre (~0.08 ha) permanent monitoring (CFI) plots. This package includes tree censuses for subsets of CFI plots conducted in 1935, 1948, and 1974-1980, and repeated censuses with mapped stems from 1989 to 2019. This 84-year record constitutes one of the longest repeated-measurement, permanent-plot data-sets for old-growth temperate forest.
Tree band growth data taken at BCEF sites (1989 -Present)
This file contains the yearly diameter of select trees within each of the forested LTER control plots. Diameter is calculated from adding the diameter increment based on circumference growth taken from dendrometer bands read each fall.
Alaska 2004 Burns: Growth and survival of tree seedlings in post-fire experimental transplant study across 39 sites
This dataset contains measurements of tree seedlings growth for an experimental transplant study started in 2005 at sites that burned in 2004 in interior Alaska. Records are from a set of 39 intensive study sites that were formerly dominated by black spruce along the Steese, Taylor, and Dalton highways. Seedlings were monitored for 10 years, with detailed measurements in 2006, 2008, 2011, 2013, and 2015. Aboveground biomass was harvested in 2011.
Data, Analytical Code, and Model Outputs From: Restoration Treatments Enhance Tree Growth and Alter Climatic Constraints During Extreme Drought
<p>This archive includes data (forest inventories, tree ring measurements, climate variables), statistical code, model outputs, and a preprint copy of Rodman et al. (2024). For more information on specific information, processing methods, and data formats, see "README.md" or "README.html" files associated with this archive</p>
Native tree growth and reproduction in response to reduction in the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) canopy at Palmyra Atoll
These data describe competition for light (open solar path) between introduced coconut palm trees (Cocos nucifera) and native tree species between 2004 and 2008 at Palmyra Atoll, Northern Line Islands, Pacific Ocean. Data are contained in one table, including values from the start, end, and intermediate samples. The dataset measures the change in tree growth (DBH and height) and reproductive potential (flower and fruit production) in relation to time and open solar path value. Two treatments are considered: OSP values less than 50% created by C. nucifera removal, and OSP values greater than 50%.
Long-term (1993-2019) dynamics of tree populations on a mapped 3-ha permanent plot in old-growth northern hardwood forest, Huron Mts., Marquette Co., MI, USA
This data-set includes multiple remeasurements, over 25 years, of all woody stems >2 cm diameter (total of 2125 stems) on a 2.72-ha stem-mapped plot in old-growth northern hardwood forest in the Huron Mountains region of northern Marquette County, MI. The plot and surrounding forest is dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). Among secondary species, yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) and basswood (Tilia americana) are most common. Soils (identified as Kalkaska series) are developed on deep sandy glacial outwash. The plot is within a much larger region of old-growth forest, protected since ca. 1880, with only minimal disturbance associated with access tracks and trails. Numerous other forest community and dendrochronological studies support the interpretation that the area around the study plot has not experienced stand-initiating disturbance for at least 400 years. Initial mapping and measurements (1993-1995 for 2.52 ha; an additional 0.2 ha added in 1999) used a 20x20 m grid established in a near-level area of uniform substrate. All stems were identified to species, mapped on polar coordinates from the center of each grid cell (including, at first measurement, identifiable dead trees, standing and down), and diameter at breast height (dbh) measured to nearest 0.1 cm. All stems were remeasured on a five-year cycle 1999-2019, and new mortality was recorded at each remeasurement. New recruits > 2 cm dbh were added at each remeasurement.
Long-term (1962-2019) tree demography on permanent plots in old-growth northern hardwood forests of the Huron Mountains, Marquette Co., Michigan.
This package contains tree demographic data from multiple remeasurements of several sets of permanent study plots in old-growth hemlock-northern hardwood forests in northern Marquette Co., Michigan. Plots were established from 1962-2001, with five to nine censuses over the study period. Plots are distributed over a large and diverse area of old-growth forests protected since ca. 1880, with no commercial management and active management limited to maintenance of trails and tracks. Most plots have not experienced stand-originating disturbances for at least 400 years (based on increment cores); three plots are in stands originating following a fire ca. 1830 ("Bourdo plots" 7094-7096). Forests are dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis); secondary species include yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), basswood (Tilia americana), and hop-hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana). Soils are variable, ranging from deep sandy outwash to thin layers of rocky till over bedrock. Mortality and diameter growth of all trees were recorded at each remeasurement. Protocols for measurement and stem-mapping are described in Methods. Several publications use some of the data included in this package -- see 'journal citations'. (identified as Kalkaska series) are developed on deep sandy glacial outwash. The plot is within a much larger region of old-growth forest, protected since ca. 1880, with only minimal disturbance associated with access tracks and trails. Numerous other forest community and dendrochronological studies support the interpretation that the area around the study plot has not experienced stand-initiating disturbance for at least 400 years. Initial mapping and measurements (1993-1995 for 2.52 ha; an additional 0.2 ha added in 1999) used a 20x20 m grid established in a near-level area of uniform substrate. All stems were identified to species, mapped on polar coordinates from the center of each grid cell (including, at first measurement, identif
Long-term (1993-2019) tree population measurements from a mapped 2.9-ha permanent plot in old-growth northern hardwood forest, Dukes Research Natural Area, Marquette Co., MI, USA
The Dukes Research Natural Area (Hiawatha National Forest, Marquette Co., MI) amounts to ca. 100 ha of minimally disturbed original forests, including a mix of mesic 'hemlock-northern hardwood' types and peaty wetlands dominated by several species of swamp conifers and black ash (Fraxinus nigra). The RNA hosts a regular grid of 250 permanent monitoring plots (data to be provided in a separate package). In 1993-95, a macroplot of 2.91 ha was established in a mixed mesic upland forest area within the RNA, in which all woody stems >2 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) were identified, measured, and mapped. In 1999 and again every five years subsequently through 2019, the macroplot was recensused; all stems were remeasured, stems newly recruited (>2 cm DBH) were measured and mapped, and any mortality since previous census was noted and described. A severe storm in 2002 resulted in extensive mortality throughout the RNA, particularly in the area in and around the macroplot.
How is tree growth rate linked to root functional traits in phylogenetically related poplar hybrids?
<p>Fine roots play a crucial role in soil nutrient and water acquisition, significantly contributing to tree growth. Fine roots with a high specific root length (SRL) and small diameter are often considered to help trees grow fast. However, inconsistencies in the literature do not provide a clear basis on the effect of root functional traits, such as SRL or root mass density (RMD), on tree growth rate in phylogenetically related trees. Our aim was to examine relationships between tree growth rate and root functional traits, using clones displaying different growth rates in a hybrid poplar plantation located in New Liskeard, ON, Canada. Fine roots (diameter < 2 mm) samples were collected using soil cores at depths of 0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm, and analyzed for morphological, chemical and architectural traits. High SRL and thin fine roots were associated with the least productive clones, which is not consistent with the root economics spectrum (RES) theory. However, the most productive clone had larger fine root diameter and higher root lignin concentrations, probably reducing root construction and maintenance costs and C losses. Therefore, at the 0–20 and 20–40 cm depths, tree growth rates showed positive correlations with root diameter and root lignin concentrations, but negative correlations with SRL and root soluble compounds concentration. Increasing RMD at the 0–20 cm depth promoted tree growth rates, showing the importance of soil exploration in the topsoil for tree growth. We conclude that fine root variation does not always follow the RES hypothesis and argue that the rapid growth rate of trees may also be driven by fine root growth in diameter and mass in phylogenetically related trees.</p>
Tree diameter growth and increment core δ13C data from a recently thinned forestry-drained site (Lettosuo) in southern Finland.
<p>Dataset includes increment core data from Lettosuo drained peatland forest site. The study site locates in the Tammela municipality in southern Finland (60° 38’ 31’’ N, 23° 57’ 35’’ E). Increment cores were analysed for the ring widths for dominant and suppressed Norway spruce trees, and for the ring δ<sup>13</sup>C values from suppressed Norway spruce trees. Data was collected as a part of BiBiFe (”Biogeochemical and biophysical feedbacks from forest harvesting to climate change”) consortium that is funded by the Academy of Finland. </p> <p> </p> <p>Sampling for increment cores was done during October 2020 for sample trees (10 in total, of which 5 were suppressed trees from thinned area and 5 suppressed trees from control area) and additional sampling was conducted for annual diameter increment for 3 tree groups to increase sample size for diameter growth (suppressed trees in thinned area [n=20], dominant trees in thinned area [n=22] and suppressed trees in control area[n=20]) during March 2021. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Tree </strong><strong>ring carbon isotope data</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Laser ablation IRMS method was applied in the Stable Isotope Laboratory of Luke (SILL) to quantify δ<sup>13</sup>C values in 10 increment cores for the time period 2010–2020, following principles of Schulze et al. (2004) and described in Lehtonen et al (manuscript). Up to 11 evenly spaced “spots” for each annual tree ring were measured to obtain information on the intra-annual variation of δ<sup>13</sup>C of the samples. </p> <p> </p> <p>(1) File: Lettosuo_d13C.xls</p> <p>File includes d13C measurements</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data column description below for isotope data: </strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>id</strong> stands for tree id [id includes tree identity, year and also spot number]</p> <p><strong>year</strong> is the year of the tree ring</p> <p><strong>nr</strong> is an index for data </p> <p><strong>tree</strong> indicates tree identity "C" for control and "H" for harvest</p> <p><strong>treatment</strong> indicates the treatment of the sampling area (control / harvest)</p> <p><strong>d13C</strong> gives the measured d13C value based on the LA-IRMS measurements</p> <p><strong>season </strong>indicates whether observation originated from the earlywood (EW) or latewood (LW) period, where 1 is EW and 2 is LW</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Tree ring width measurements</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>In addition to the δ<sup>13</sup>C values, also the ring widths were measured. Here, also additional dominant trees were measured. </p> <p> </p> <p>(3) Files:</p> <p>controlRW.csv</p> <p>dominantRW.csv</p> <p>thinningRW.csv</p> <p> </p> <p>Files include increment core data (in micrometers) from isotope sample trees and additional increment core trees from the control area and harvested area of the site. Dominant trees were measured only from the thinned area. </p> <p> </p> <p>In the .csv files individual columns are for ring widths for individual trees. In the controlRW.csv and thinningRW.csv files first 5 columns include diameter increments from sample trees (those that have also d13C measurements).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>References:</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Lehtonen A, Leppä K, Sahlstedt E, Schiestl-Aalto P, Heikkinen J, Young G, Korkiakoski M, Peltoniemi M, Rinne-Garmston K, Sarkkola S, Lohila A, Mäkipää R (manuscript). Fast recovery of Norway spruce trees after thinning from above on a drained peatland forest site.</p> <p> </p> <p>Korkiakoski M, Ojanen P, Penttilä T, Minkkinen K, Sarkkola S, Rainne J, Laurila T, Lohila A (2020) Impact of partial harvest on CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O balances of a drained boreal peatland forest. Agric For Meteorol 295:108168.</p> <p> </p> <p>Schulze B, Wirth C, Linke P, Brand WA, Kuhlmann I, Horna V, Schulze E-D (2004) Laser ablation-combustion-GC-IRMS--a new method for online analysis of intra-annual variation of 13C in tree rings. Tree Physiol 24:1193–1201.</p>
Comparison of Urban-Rural Tree Growth Response to Climate in the Eastern U.S. for the years 1990-2014
Climate is an important driver of tree growth in forests of the eastern U.S. Urbanization can augment the growing conditions of trees in ways that could change the sensitivity of radial growth to climate stressors such as excessive heat and water stress. This dataset include tree ring chronologies (1990-2014) in the form of basal area increment for canopy oak and maples trees from paired urban and nearby rural reference forest sites in Baltimore, Maryland, New York City, New York, and Boston, Massachusetts. Also included are metrics of heat stress and water stress from 1990-2014.
Air Temperature, Soil Temperature, Precipitation, Snow Depth at Long Term Tree Growth Sites; 1968-Present : Weekly
Part of the Long Term Tree Growth study. This dataset is an accumulation of various manual measurements made on a weekly to monthly basis. It originally included snow stakes, rain buckets, max/min thermometers and a series of soil temperature sensors. Over the years equipment has changed. The soil temperature sensors exceeded their field life during the 1990's and were dropped from the study. In 2001 logging air temperature and relative humidity sensors were installed and those measurements were discontinued. In 2002 logging rain gauges were installed to replace the manual buckets. Both styles were during that growing season and the manual buckets were removed before the 2003 field season. All that remains active in this dataset are the snow stake measurements.
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