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Fig. 1 in Lice community structure infesting Trinomys iheringi (Thomas, 1911) - Ocurrence, sex bias and climatic variables on tropical island

Fig. 1. Location of capture of Trinomys iheringi in Dois Rios Village, Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, between April 2013, and December 2015.

Fig. 2 in Lice community structure infesting Trinomys iheringi (Thomas, 1911) - Ocurrence, sex bias and climatic variables on tropical island

Fig. 2. Distribution of Gyropus (m.) martini stages on Trinomys iheringi rodents. Host sex (F = female, M = male) and capture months (Aug = August, Dec = December, Feb = February, Jul = July, Nov = November) in Ilha Grande State Park, RJ, Brazil. The numbers along the x axis represent the number of lice life stages: male/female/nymph 1/nymph 2/nymph 3.

Fig. 4 in Lice community structure infesting Trinomys iheringi (Thomas, 1911) - Ocurrence, sex bias and climatic variables on tropical island

Fig. 4. Probability of lice occurrence on Trinomys iheringi as a function of humidity and sex (A), and humidity and age class (B) in Ilha Grande State Park, RJ, Brazil. The letters in the upper part of the graph represent the presence of lice on rodents, and the letters in the lower part of the graph indicate the absence of lice on rodents.

Fig. 3 in Lice community structure infesting Trinomys iheringi (Thomas, 1911) - Ocurrence, sex bias and climatic variables on tropical island

Fig. 3. Relationship between the natural logarithm of body mass and the natural logarithm of body length for Trinomys iheringi individuals infected and uninfected by lice in Ilha Grande State Park, RJ, Brazil. Open circles and the continuous line refer to uninfected individuals, while solid circles and the dashed line refer to infected individuals.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2004View details →

Figure 8. Comparison between Trinomys lower teeth, which presents a in Relationships among extant and fossil echimyids (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)

Figure 8. Comparison between Trinomys lower teeth, which presents a deep sulcus between hypolophid and hypoconid (indicated by an arrow in the dP4), resulting in a hypoflexid continuous to the metaflexid ('deep main fold' of Moojen, 1948); and Proechimys lower teeth, which do not present a sulcus or have it quite shallow (feature considered in characters 8 and 20). A, Trinomys dimidiatus (MN 4016; left series); B, Proechimys gularis (AMNH 67323, left series). The arrows, in the dP4 of both specimens, show the area between the hypolophid and hypoconid. Note that, although the Trinomys specimen is older (has all teeth already worn), the sulcus is present in all teeth (state 1); by contrast, in Proechimys, only the unworn M3 presents the sulcus, which is already absent in dP4–M2 (state 0).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2004View details →

Figure 13. Comparison between Trinomys upper teeth, which presents a in Relationships among extant and fossil echimyids (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)

Figure 13. Comparison between Trinomys upper teeth, which presents a deep sulcus between protoloph and the protocone region in little-worn teeth (indicated by an arrow in the dP4), resulting in a hypoflexus continuous to the paraflexus ('deep main fold' of Moojen, 1948), and Proechimys upper teeth, which do not present a sulcus or have it quite shallow (character 32). A, Trinomys dimidiatus (MN 4016, left series); B, Proechimys gularis (AMNH 67323, right series reversed to the left side). The arrows, in the dP4 of both specimens, show the area between the protoloph and the protocone region. Note that, although the Trinomys specimen is older (has all teeth already worn), the sulcus is present in all teeth; by contrast, in Proechimys, only the unworn M3 presents the sulcus, which is already absent in dP4–M2.

Fig. 2 in Trinomys yonenagae (Rodentia: Echimyidae)

Fig. 2.—Four individuals of Trinomys yonenagae, 2 juveniles and 2 adults, all born and maintained in captivity (Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Behavior - LECO, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo). Photograph by Lilian Cristina Luchesi.

Fig. 1.—A in Trinomys yonenagae (Rodentia: Echimyidae)

Fig. 1.—A captive young female Trinomys yonenagae. This animal is a descendant from an original stock of animals collected in Ibiraba (Bahia, Brazil) in 1996 and kept in an animal husbandry facility at Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. At the left, a close-up view of the torch-tail, from which its popular name of torch-tail spiny rat (rato de espinho rabo-de-facho, in Portuguese) comes from, Photography by Daniela Luchesi Milan used with permission.

Fig. 4 in Trinomys yonenagae (Rodentia: Echimyidae)

Fig. 4.—Geographic distribution of Trinomys yonenagae (gray shading) through dune sand field over the west margin of São Francisco River. Distribution data were provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in may 2016. (For other information see Roach and Naylor 2016).

Fig. 3 in Trinomys yonenagae (Rodentia: Echimyidae)

Fig. 3.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral view of mandible of Trinomys yonenagae (male, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, [MZUSP] 28904). Greatest length of skull is 4.6 cm. Photograph by Lilian Cristina Luchesi.

opennotspecifiedJul 2016View details →

On following pages: 14. White-spined Spiny-rat (Trinomys albispinus); 15. Elias's Spiny-rat (Trinomys elias); 16. Rigid-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys paratus); 17. Yonenaga's Spiny-rat (Trinomys yonenagae), 18. Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys setosus); 19. Moojen's Spiny-rat (Trinomys moojeni); 20. Pau Brasil Spiny-rat (Trinomys mirapitanga); 21. Rio de Janeiro Spiny-rat (Trinomys dimidiatus); 22. Sao Paulo Spiny-rat (Trinomys iheringi); 23. Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys gratiosus); 24. Sao Lourencgo Punare (Thrichomys laurentius); 25. Jacobina Punare (Thrichomys inermis); 26. Lagoa Santa Punare (Thrichomys apereoides); 27. Pantanal Punare (Thrichomys pachyurus); 28. Foster's Punare (Thrichomys fosteri); 29. Painted Tree-rat (Callistomys pictus); 30. Coypu (Myocastor coypus);, 31. Armored Rat (Hoplomys gymnurus). in Echimyidae

On following pages: 14. White-spined Spiny-rat (Trinomys albispinus); 15. Elias's Spiny-rat (Trinomys elias); 16. Rigid-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys paratus); 17. Yonenaga's Spiny-rat (Trinomys yonenagae), 18. Elegant-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys setosus); 19. Moojen's Spiny-rat (Trinomys moojeni); 20. Pau Brasil Spiny-rat (Trinomys mirapitanga); 21. Rio de Janeiro Spiny-rat (Trinomys dimidiatus); 22. Sao Paulo Spiny-rat (Trinomys iheringi); 23. Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat (Trinomys gratiosus); 24. Sao Lourencgo Punare (Thrichomys laurentius); 25. Jacobina Punare (Thrichomys inermis); 26. Lagoa Santa Punare (Thrichomys apereoides); 27. Pantanal Punare (Thrichomys pachyurus); 28. Foster's Punare (Thrichomys fosteri); 29. Painted Tree-rat (Callistomys pictus); 30. Coypu (Myocastor coypus);, 31. Armored Rat (Hoplomys gymnurus).

opennotspecifiedJul 2021View details →

Figure 1 in Geometric morphometrics of mandibular shape in the dwarf fat-tailed jerboa: relevancy for trinomial taxonomy

Figure 1. Distribution of geographic locations of dwarf fat-tailed jerboa (Pygeretmus pumilio). The grey area outlines the range of the species and the symbols correspond to subspecies (modified from: Shenbrot et al. 1995). For a key to the subspecies, see UPGMA tree (inset C) which was constructed from a matrix of Procrustes distances. Two subspecies groups differ in the glans penis, which has more spines in the pumilio subspecies group (A) than in the potanini subspecies group (B). These two groups are separated on the map by a bold line, while the dotted line separates geographical clusters (western and eastern) obtained in k-means clustering of Procrustes coordinates. Pie diagrams show the proportion of individuals in each of the 22 populations classified into the western (black) and eastern (white) cluster. Numbers refer to populations (for identities, see Supporting Information, Table S2). The proportion of individuals classified into the western (black) and eastern cluster (white) per 5o longitudinal belt is shown in inset D.

opennotspecifiedJul 2021View details →

Figure 2 in Geometric morphometrics of mandibular shape in the dwarf fat-tailed jerboa: relevancy for trinomial taxonomy

Figure 2. Projection of dwarf fat-tailed jerboas (Pygeretmus pumilio) on the first two discriminant functions (DF) derived from discriminant function analysis on Procrustes coordinates, with subspecies as an calssification variable. Proportion of variance explained by each DF is in parenthesis. Polygons enclose extreme specimens within each subspecies. Symbols for subspecies are the same as in Figure 1. Large symbols show the position of group centroids. Wire-frame graphs show shape changes along the two DF axes for the unit of 10 in the negative and positive direction (black) compared to the mean shape (grey).

Figure 2 in Stability and acceleration of phenotypic evolution in spiny rats (Trinomys, Echimyidae) across different environments

Figure 2. Time-calibrated BI tree of Trinomys based on eight genes. Horizontal bars across nodes represent 95% highest posterior density (HPD) of divergence-time estimates. Letters above nodes correspond to the nodes described in Table 2. Horizontal bar at bottom represents time scale in million years ago (Mya).

Figure 1 in Stability and acceleration of phenotypic evolution in spiny rats (Trinomys, Echimyidae) across different environments

Figure 1. Skull of Trinomys. Dorsal (top), ventral (center) and lateral (bottom) views illustrating the 18 linear measurements used in the present study. GSL, greatest skull length; LN, length of nasals; LR, length of rostrum; IOC, least interorbital constriction; WZ, width of zygomatic arches; WM, width of mastoids; BAL, basilar length; LIF, length of incisive foramen; D, length of diastema; PLA, palatal length A; PLB, palatal length B; LMS, length of molar series; PPL, post-palatal length; LBu, length of auditory bulla; HB, height of braincase; WMax, width of maxillary; WR, width of rostrum; DR, depth of rostrum. Figure modified from Nicola et al. (2003).

Figure 4 in Stability and acceleration of phenotypic evolution in spiny rats (Trinomys, Echimyidae) across different environments

Figure 4. Mean estimates of pairwise rates of phenotypic change (J) along the size axis (A) and multivariate axes PC1 (B), PC2 (C) and PC3 (D), and mean estimates of pairwise rates of general phenotypic change (J0) based in Mahalanobis distances (E). Columns represent mean estimates and error bars 95% confidence intervals. AF X AF, estimates between Atlantic Forest species; AF X y, estimates between Atlantic Forest species and T. yonenagae; AF X a, estimates between Atlantic Forest species and T. albispinus.

Figure 3 in Stability and acceleration of phenotypic evolution in spiny rats (Trinomys, Echimyidae) across different environments

Figure 3. Scores of individuals of Trinomys plotted in morphospaces formed by the size axis vs. PC1 (A), PC2 vs. PC3 (B) and CV1 vs. CV2 (C). Trinomys eliasi, T. albispinus and T. yonenagae are enclosed in convex grey polygons.

opennotspecifiedNov 2022View details →

Figure 3 in Hidden diversity of the genus Trinomys (Rodentia: Echimyidae): phylogenetic and populational structure analyses uncover putative new lineages

Figure 3. Maps indicating the type locality (star) and the collecting localities (circle) coloured according to the haplotype network. Circle size is proportional to the number of shared sequences, numbers refer to the haplotypes in Table 1, the small black circles represent the median vectors, and the numbers adjacent to the lines are nucleotide substitutions. SB = Southern Bahia, CNBS = Central North Bahia-Sergipe, NSM = Northern Serra do Mar, CSSM = Central and Southern Serra do Mar, IG = Ilha Grande, SP = São Paulo, SE = Sergipe, MGRJ = Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro.

opennotspecifiedNov 2022View details →

Figure 2 in Hidden diversity of the genus Trinomys (Rodentia: Echimyidae): phylogenetic and populational structure analyses uncover putative new lineages

Figure 2. mt-Cytb gene time-tree reconstructed by Bayesian analysis. Horizontal bar on the nodes indicates 95% HPD. The values at the nodes represent the posterior probability and the height of the molecular dating analysis, respectively. Vertical bars indicate the ESUS by bPTP and GMYC, respectively. Red dashed rectangles indicate possible new lineages.