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58 results for “Triturus”
Fig. 4 in Age And Growth Of The Southern Crested Newt, Triturus Karelinii (Strauch 1870), In A Lowland Population From Northwest Turkey
Fig. 4. Growth curves in male (A) and female (B) Triturus karelinii. Growth curves were fitted to von Bertalanffy's growth equation
Fig. 1 in Age And Growth Of The Southern Crested Newt, Triturus Karelinii (Strauch 1870), In A Lowland Population From Northwest Turkey
Fig. 1. Snout to vent length (SVL) of juvenile, male and female Triturus karelinii from Adapazarı in Northwest Anatolia (Turkey)
Fig. 2 in Age And Growth Of The Southern Crested Newt, Triturus Karelinii (Strauch 1870), In A Lowland Population From Northwest Turkey
Fig. 2. Phalangeal cross section of Triturus karelinii. Arrows: metamorphosis line and periphery; Arrowheads: lines of arrested growth (LAGs); e.b. = endosteal bone m.c.= marrow cavity, m.l.= metamorphosis line, p.= periphery. (A) Juvenile (SVL= 44.82 mm) caught in March. A metamorphosis line and two LAGs were observed in the periosteal bone. This individual was two years old. (B) Male (SVL= 73.94 mm). Six LAGs were observed in the periosteal bone. Note that a metamorphosis line is visible and endosteal resorption is not present. Age of this individual caught in March was 6 years old. (C) Female (SVL= 83.18 mm). Five LAGs were observed in the periosteal bone. The innermost LAG was eroded by endosteal resorption and this individual was 6 years old
Fig. 1 in First record of the Balkan-Anatolian crested newt (Triturus ivanbureschi Arntzen & Wielstra, 2013) on the territory of the Nature Park "Shumensko plato"
Fig. 1. Carcass of a male Balkan-Anatolian Crested Newt (Triturus ivanbureschi); a. map of the site where the body of the newt was found: *, indicates the territory of the "Bukaka" Reserve; **, indicates the territory of the Nature Park "Shumensko Plato"; ***, indicates the territory of Protected Site BG0000382; T.i., position of the dead newt; scale bar 7 km (figure based on the data of the EEA at MoEW); b. photo of the dead male T. ivanbureschi: the white circle indicates the missing tail; the white arrow indicates the wound on the left hind leg.
FIGURE 5 in A subspecies of marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus) in the Iberian Peninsula newly resolved from congruent nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data
FIGURE 5 The Iberian Peninsula with the ranges of Triturus pygmaeus in light red and T. rudolfi in brown (Arntzen, 2023, 2024). Populations of the counterpart species T. marmoratus are coloured according to the dominant mitochondrial haplogroups with colours as in the legend and fig. 4. The solid or interrupted black line shows the northern range of T. m. harmannis ssp. nov., as determined by the green, yellow and blue sections in fig. 1. Note that haplogroups 1 and 2 are associated with T. m. marmoratus and that haplogroups 3, 4 and 5 are associated with T. m. harmannis ssp. nov. Haplogroup 6 is associated with T. pygmaeus and T. rudolfi (for details see table 2). Areas shown in white fall outside the documented range of the T. marmoratus species group and areas shown in grey are distant from a sampled locality.
FIGURE A1 in A subspecies of marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus) in the Iberian Peninsula newly resolved from congruent nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data
FIGURE A1 Holotype of Triturus marmoratus harmannis ssp. nov. at right and ventral view. Size bar is 1 cm. Stored at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain under catalogue number 51792.
FIGURE 3 in A subspecies of marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus) in the Iberian Peninsula newly resolved from congruent nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data
FIGURE 3 Histogram of scores along the first axis for the discriminant analysis of size corrected morphometric data for Triturus marmoratus marmoratus (shaded bars) and T. m. harmannis ssp. nov. (open bars). This first discriminant axis is most strongly correlated with extremity lengths and not the other characters. Highest loadings on the second axis are for head length and head width (results not shown).
FIGURE 1 in A subspecies of marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus) in the Iberian Peninsula newly resolved from congruent nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data
FIGURE 1 Classification and geographical distribution of European marbled and pygmy newts from a panel of 32–33 nuclear genetic markers (data from Kazilas et al., 2024). (A) HIests plot with ancestry and heterozygosity for within marbled newts (top panel, with Triturus m. marmoratus left and T. m. harmannis ssp. nov. to the right) and for pygmy newts (bottom panel, with T. rudolfi to the left and T. pygmaeus to the right). (B) Investigated Iberian populations shown by black dots with surrounding areas coloured as in A. Areas shown in white fall outside the documented range of the T. marmoratus species group and areas in shown grey are distant from a sampled locality. The open square symbol in the Lisbon Peninsula corresponds to the open round symbol in A.
FIGURE 4 in Morphological and genetic diversification of pygmy and marbled newts, with the description of a new species from the wider Lisbon Peninsula (Triturus, Salamandridae)
FIGURE 4 Geographical clines observed for 'Triturus pygmaeus' in a longitudinal transect across central Portugal (see fig. 3), with T. rudolfi nov. sp. in the west and T. pygmaeus in the east. The horizontal axis is distance in km, measured from the nominal centre of the contact zone at Entroncamento railway station. The vertical axes are from top to bottom, left column – PCA2 for 54 SNP markers and the frequency of the eastern mtDNA haplotype, and in the right-hand column – the number of links and body size (lnSVl1) of adult males and females. Solid dots represent populations and the grey areas represent the 95% credibility intervals. Note that the colour bar is applied to fig. 3B. The formal cline descriptions are in supplementary table S3.
FIGURE 2 in Morphological and genetic diversification of Old-World marbled newts, with the description of a new and 'not-at-all-cryptic' subspecies from the Iberian Peninsula (Triturus, Salamandridae)
FIGURE 2 The distribution of two species of marbled newts over the western part of the Iberian Peninsula, as inferred from the morphological character Nlinks. Triturus marmoratus is shown in two shades of blue, T. pygmaeus in two shades of red and four localities with both species are shown in grey (see colour legend). The spatial extrapolation does not exceed ca. 50 km. Note that southern Iberian populations are all T. pygmaeus, irrespective of high (cluster C1), low (C2), or bimodal Nlink counts (Doñana National Park). Populations that were studied morphometrically are highlighted by a box. The type locality for T. pygmaeus lusitanicus ssp. nov. is Granja, Portugal and is marked by an asterisk.
FIGURE A1 in Morphological and genetic diversification of pygmy and marbled newts, with the description of a new species from the wider Lisbon Peninsula (Triturus, Salamandridae)
FIGURE A1 Holotype of Triturus rudolfi sp. nov. at right (top) and left lateral view (middle), and in ventral view (bottom). Size bar is 1 cm. Stored at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain under catalogue number 51784. Downloaded from Brill.com 07/10/2024 02:01:22PM via Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
FIGURE 4 in Morphological and genetic diversification of Old-World marbled newts, with the description of a new and 'not-at-all-cryptic' subspecies from the Iberian Peninsula (Triturus, Salamandridae)
FIGURE 4 Morphological and genetic variation in Triturus pygmaeus from in and around Doñana National Park (DNP). A – histograms of Nlink counts for four population groups with, from top to bottom: southwestern cluster of T. pygmaeus (localities 65, 436, 438 and 1004 in the south of Portugal, together marked C1 in fig. 2), populations in the northern section of DNP (ER, locality 1005 and BS, locality 1006), population in the southern section of DNP (locality 271) and the Betic cluster of T. pygmaeus (localities 270, 463, 465 and 1003 in the very south of Spain, together marked C2 in fig. 1). Exceptionally, the northern Doñana museum material contains 15 juvenile specimens (open bars) along with three adults (shaded bars). B – geographical cline in microsatellite genetic variation. The horizontal axis shows 'Distance from the Guadalquivir River' in km and the vertical axis presents Structure Q-scores. The solid round symbols represent populations and the grey area shows the 95% credibility interval. The Structure Q-scores were extracted from a published figure (Albert & García-Navas, 2022: Figure 4) and are unavoidably imprecise. The position of the 'Torre Carbonero', a cultural landmark at the Doñana beach, is shown by an arrow (TC). Three populations with morphological data available, that can be associated to the transect are El Rocío (arrow marked ER) and the biological station (BS) in northern Doñana and Zacallón C. de los Junqueros in southern Doñana (arrow marked 271). For details, see table 1 and supplementary table S1.
FIGURE 5 in Morphological and genetic diversification of pygmy and marbled newts, with the description of a new species from the wider Lisbon Peninsula (Triturus, Salamandridae)
FIGURE 5 Histogram for the number of links (Nlinks) observed in Iberian large-bodied newts, with low values for Triturus marmoratus (top panel), intermediate values for T. rudolfi sp. nov. (middle panel) and low to high values for T. pygmaeus (bottom panel). A distinction is made between T. p. pygmaeus from the Betic region (grey bars) and T. p. lusitanicus from the remainder of the species range (open bars) (see Arntzen, 2024). The optimal separation of T. rudolfi nov. sp. versus T. p. lusitanicus is achieved at Nlinks = 6.8, as shown by an interrupted line. To the right examples are shown of individuals with low and high link counts. Animals are facing left, with T. marmoratus from Gerês, northern Portugal at the top and T. p. lusitanicus from Sagres, southern Portugal at the bottom. Links are counted over the left and right side of the newts' bodies, in between the insertion of the fore- and hind leg. THE IMAGERY IS REPRODUCED FROM ARNTZEN (2018)
FIGURE 3 in Morphological and genetic diversification of Old-World marbled newts, with the description of a new and 'not-at-all-cryptic' subspecies from the Iberian Peninsula (Triturus, Salamandridae)
FIGURE 3 Nine marbled newts from three (sub)species each in dorsal and ventral view. Link counts for the left and right side of the body are given in parentheses. Top row – Triturus marmoratus from Jublains, France; left male (3, 2) and right female (1, 1). Middle row – T. pygmaeus lusitanicus ssp. nov. from Cardeña, Spain; from left to right female (2, 4), male (4, 3) and male (4, 5). Bottom row – T. p. pygmaeus from Salinas, Spain; from left to right male (2, 1), male (1, 2) male (2,0) and female (3, 1). Note that the colour pattern in T. marmoratus and T. p. pygmaeus is horizontally banded whereas in T. p. lusitanicus ssp. nov. it is reticulated. PHOTOGRAPHY L. A. VAN DER LAAN
Fig. 3 in Age And Growth Of The Southern Crested Newt, Triturus Karelinii (Strauch 1870), In A Lowland Population From Northwest Turkey
Fig. 3. Age distribution of Triturus karelinii
Interspecific introgression of MHC genes in Triturus newts: Evidence from multiple contact zones
<p>The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are central to the adaptive immune response in vertebrates. Selection generally maintains high MHC variation because the spectrum of recognised pathogens depends on MHC polymorphism. Novel alleles favoured by selection originate by interallelic recombination or <em>de</em> <em>novo</em> mutations but may also be acquired by introgression from related species. However, the extent and prevalence of MHC introgression remain an open question. In this study, we tested for MHC introgression in six hybrid zones formed by six <em>Triturus</em> newt species. We sequenced and genotyped the polymorphic second exons of the MHC class I and II genes and compared their interspecific similarity at various distances from the centre of the hybrid zone. We found evidence for introgression of both MHC classes in the majority of examined hybrid zones, with support for a more substantial class I introgression. Furthermore, the overall MHC allele sharing outside of hybrid zones was elevated between pairs of <em>Triturus</em> species with abutting ranges, regardless of the phylogenetic distance between them. No effect of past hybrid zone movement on MHC allele sharing was found. Finally, using previously published genome-wide data, we demonstrated that MHC introgression was more extensive than genome-wide introgression, supporting its adaptive potential. Our study thus provides evidence for the prevalence of MHC introgression across multiple <em>Triturus</em> hybrid zones, indicating that MHC introgression between divergent hybridising species may be widespread and adaptive.</p>
Interspecific introgression of MHC genes in Triturus newts: Evidence from multiple contact zones
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Data from: The evolution of skull and body shape in Triturus newts reconstructed from 3D morphometric data and phylogeny
To explore the relationship between morphological change and species diversification, we reconstructed the evolutionary changes in skull size, skull shape, and body elongation in a monophyletic group of eight species that make up salamander genus Triturus. Their well-studied phylogenetic relationships and the marked difference in ecological preferences among five species groups makes this genus an excellent model system for the study of morphological evolution. The study involved three-dimensional imagery of the skull and the number of trunk vertebrae, in material that represents the morphological, spatial, and molecular diversity of the genus. Morphological change largely followed the pattern of descent. The reconstruction of ancestral skull shape indicated that morphological change was mostly confined to two episodes, corresponding to the ancestral lineage that all crested newts have in common and the Triturus dobrogicus lineage. When corrected for common descent, evolution of skull shape was correlated to change in skull size. Also, skull size and shape, as well as body shape, as inferred from the number of trunk vertebrae, were correlated, indicating a marked impact of species' ecological preferences on morphological evolution, accompanied by a series of niche shifts, with the most pronounced one in the T. dobrogicus lineage. The presence of phylogenetic signal and correlated evolutionary changes in skull and body shape suggested complex interplay of niche shifts, natural selection, and constraints by a common developmental system
Data from: Is the Danube crested newt Triturus dobrogicus polytypic? A review and new nuclear DNA data
The Danube crested newt Triturus dobrogicus has been proposed to comprise two subspecies: T. d. dobrogicus and T. d. macrosoma. Uncertainty exists in the literature over their distribution and diagnosability. We conduct a multilocus phylogeographical survey and review published data to determine whether a two taxon treatment is warranted. Newly produced and published nuclear DNA data suggest intraspecific variation in the Pannonian Plain part of the range, but with extensive genetic admixture, whereas mitochondrial DNA data shows a lack of geographical structuring in T. dobrogicus altogether. None of the studied morphological characters suggest the presence of two geographical groups in T. dobrogicus unequivocally. Although Danube Delta newts do have relatively short bodies compared to the remainder of the range (the Pannonian and Lower Danube Plains and the Dnepr Delta), we argue that this finding can be explained by phenotypic plasticity – particularly in light of the incongruent evolutionary scenario suggested by genetic data. We conclude that the total body of evidence does not support the two subspecies hypothesis and recommend that T. dobrogicus is treated as a monotypic species.
Data from: Phylogeographic analysis reveals northerly refugia for the riverine amphibian Triturus dobrogicus (Caudata: Salamandridae)
We investigated the recent evolutionary history of the Danube crested newt, Triturus dobrogicus through reconstructions of: (1) the number and position of refugia at the last glacial maximum, (2) the role of major central European rivers in pattern of post-glacial dispersal, and (3) the present-day distribution pattern. We analysed sequences of mitochondrial DNA (ND2, 1065 bp) and six microsatellite loci in 363 T. dobrogicus individuals from 58 populations covering the range of the species. Our analyses suggested that T. dobrogicus survived the last glacial maximum in two separate refugia positioned in northwestern Pannonia and in Southern Pannonia from where its range expanded along the Danube and Tisza Rivers. Our findings also confirmed that rivers played an important role in shaping the evolutionary history of amphibian species in Central Europe. We compared the T. dobrogicus range with another lowland amphibian, the fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina, using species distribution modelling. In line with these models, the isolated mountains inside Pannonia are occupied not by B. bombina, but by its mountain-dwelling sister-species B. variegata. However, in contrast to the model, crested newts (including T. dobrogicus) are absent from these mountains. We attribute this biogeographical discrepancy to the positioning of the species' refugia at the last glacial maximum.
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