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73 results for “Trophic diversity”
Trophic complexity alters the diversity–multifunctionality relationship in experimental grassland mesocosms
<p>Plant diversity has a positive influence on the number of ecosystem functions maintained simultaneously by a community, or multifunctionality. While the presence of multiple trophic levels, or trophic complexity, affects individual functions, the effect of trophic complexity on the diversity-multifunctionality relationship is less well known. To address this issue, we tested whether the independent or simultaneous manipulation of both plant diversity and trophic complexity impacted multifunctionality using a mecocosm experiment from Cedar Creek, Minnesota, USA. Our analyses revealed that neither plant diversity nor trophic complexity had significant effects on single functions, but trophic complexity altered the diversity-multifunctionality relationship in two key ways: it lowered the maximum strength of the diversity-multifunctionality effect and it resulted shifted the relationship between increasing diversity and multifunctionality from positive to negative at lower function thresholds. Our findings suggest that declines in trophic complexity will further reduce the capacity of ecosystems to maintain multifunctionality than expected from plant biodiversity loss.</p>
Fig. 6 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS
Fig. 6. - Relative abundance of the nematode FEeding groups in podzolic brown soil of the dmmast oak FOrest FRom BIIrzava (b).
Fig. 5 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS
Fig. 5. - Relative abundance of the nematode feeding groups in brown earth soil of the durmast oak forest from Corbe�ti.
Fig. 4 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS
Fig. 4. - Relative abundance of the nematode feeding groups in brown earth soil of the hoRNbeam-beech FOrest from Cladova (b).
Fig. 2 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS
Fig. 2. - Relative abundance of the nematode FEeding groups in brown acid soil of the beech forest fRom Miidrige�ti a.
Fig. 3 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS
Fig. 3. - Relative abundance of the nematode feeding groups in brown acid soil of the hornbeambeech forest from Miidrige�ti (b).
Fig. 1 in SPECIFIC AND TROPHIC DIVERSITY OF SOIL NEMATODES IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FROM THE ZARAND MOUNTAINS
Fig. 1. - Dendrogram of cluster analysis FOR nematode communities, based on specific affinity, in the deciduous FOrests from the ZaRand Mountains.
Figure 5 in Impact of rainforest conversion into monoculture plantation systems on pseudoscorpion density, diversity and trophic niches
Figure 5. Stable isotope values of pseudoscorpion species in different land-use systems; means with standard deviation. Dashed horizontal lines represent estimated trophic level boundaries; trophic level 1 (plant material) not shown. Decomposers feeding on detritus (trophic level 2) were assumed to be enriched in 15N by 1.7 ‰ compared to leaf litter, each following trophic level was assumed to span 3.4 ‰ (Post 2002; Potapov et al. 2019a). For abbreviations see Table 1.
Figure 3 in Impact of rainforest conversion into monoculture plantation systems on pseudoscorpion density, diversity and trophic niches
Figure 3. Bootstrap species accumulation curve based on the number of adult individuals in the studied land-use systems.
Figure 4 in Impact of rainforest conversion into monoculture plantation systems on pseudoscorpion density, diversity and trophic niches
Figure 4. Venn diagram of the species composition in the three land-use systems studied (rainforest, rubber, oil palm) in the Bukit Duabelas (left) and Harapan landscape (right). Landscape-specific species are underlined in red. The riparian-specific species in Harapan is underlined in cyan. For abbreviations see Table 1.
Figure 2 in Impact of rainforest conversion into monoculture plantation systems on pseudoscorpion density, diversity and trophic niches
Figure 2. Density of pseudoscorpions in litter and soil of the three land-use systems studied (rainforest, rubber, oil palm) in the Bukit Duabelas and Harapan landscape. Each data point represents one sampling plot (three pooled subplot samples). Only non-riparian sites are shown.
Figure 1 in Impact of rainforest conversion into monoculture plantation systems on pseudoscorpion density, diversity and trophic niches
Figure 1. Four species of pseudoscorpions found at the study sites. From left to right: Atemnidae sp.1, Lagynochthonius sp.1, Atemnidae sp.2, Hya minuta.
Fig. 3 in Effects of latitude, host body size, and host trophic guild on patterns of diversity of helminths associated with humans, wild and domestic mammals of Mexico
Fig. 3. Phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) regression of host body mass (values were log-transformed) with richness of helminths associated to wildlife hosts (values were corrected for sampling effort).
Fig. 2 in Effects of latitude, host body size, and host trophic guild on patterns of diversity of helminths associated with humans, wild and domestic mammals of Mexico
Fig. 2. Relationships between latitude and the average taxonomic distinctness of overall helminths (A) and nematodes (B).
Fig. 4 in Effects of latitude, host body size, and host trophic guild on patterns of diversity of helminths associated with humans, wild and domestic mammals of Mexico
Fig. 4. Parasite richness and average taxonomic distinctness by host trophic guild (the size of circle represents the number of hosts belonging to each trophic guild).
Fig. 1 in Effects of latitude, host body size, and host trophic guild on patterns of diversity of helminths associated with humans, wild and domestic mammals of Mexico
Fig. 1. Maps showing the geographic locations of the records, classified by phylum of the subsetted database.
Mammal Trophic Diversity Data and Analysis Code
<p>A global scale dataset of terrestrial mammal species richness within three trophic groupings. Trophic groups are predators, herbivores, and omnivores. Spatial resolution is 30 x 30 km. Variable descriptions are as follows: FID_1: An identifier variable. y_coord: Latitudinal value. mamm_h_20: The number of herbivore species present in the pixel. mamm_o_20: The number of omnivore species present in the pixel. mamm_p_20: The number of predator species present in the pixel. total_20: The total number of mammals present in the pixel. p_herb_20: The proportion of total species in the pixel that are herbivores. p_omni_20: The proportion of total species in the pixel that are omnivores. p_pred_20: The proportion of total species in the pixel that are predators. GPP: Gross Primary Production of the pixel; extracted from doi 10.1038/sdata.2017.165. mean_temp: The mean annual temperature of the pixel in celsius; extracted from WorldClim v.2. mean_precip: The mean annual precipitation of the pixel in centimeters; extracted from WorldClim v.2. temp_season: The temperature seasonality of the pixel as standard deviation multiplied by 100. precip_season: The precipitation seasonality of the pixel as the coefficient of variation. iso: The isothermality of the pixel as diurnal temperature range divided by annual temperature range. A text file of the code used to analyze data in the R Statistical computing environment is also included.</p>
Trophic complexity alters the diversity–multifunctionality relationship in experimental grassland mesocosms
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Data from 'Planktivores as trophic drivers of global coral reef fish diversity patterns'
<p>Datasets and scripts generated in the paper 'Planktivores as trophic drivers of global coral reef fish diversity patterns', published in PNAS. More details can be found in the README file.</p>
Decoupled jaws promote trophic diversity in Cichlid fishes
Functional decoupling of oral and pharyngeal jaws is widely considered to have expanded the ecological repertoire of cichlid fishes. But, the degree to which the evolution of these jaw systems is decoupled and whether decoupling has impacted trophic diversification remains unknown. Focusing on the large Neotropical radiation of cichlids, we ask whether oral and pharyngeal jaw evolution is correlated and how their evolutionary rates respond to feeding ecology. In support of decoupling, we find relaxed evolutionary integration between the two jaw systems, resulting in novel trait combinations that potentially facilitate feeding mode diversification. These outcomes are made possible by escaping the mechanical trade-off between force transmission and mobility, which characterizes a single jaw system that functions in isolation. In spite of the structural independence of the two jaw systems, results using a Bayesian, state-dependent, relaxed-clock model of multivariate Brownian motion indicate strongly aligned evolutionary responses to feeding ecology. So, while decoupling of prey capture and processing functions released constraints on jaw evolution and promoted trophic diversity in cichlids, the natural diversity of consumed prey has also induced a moderate degree of evolutionary integration between the jaw systems, reminiscent of the original mechanical trade-off between force and mobility.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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