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97 results for “Trophic ecology”
LAGOS-NE Shallow Lakes: a dataset of lake variables and multi-scaled ecological context variables used to predict and compare trophic status and TP:CHLa relationships between shallow and non-shallow lakes in the Upper Midwest and Northeastern United States.
We conducted a macroscale study of 2,210 shallow lakes (mean depth ≤ 3m or a maximum depth ≤ 5m) in the Upper Midwestern and Northeastern U.S. We asked: What are the patterns and drivers of shallow lake total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll a (CHLa), and TP–CHLa relationships at the macroscale, how do these differ from those for 4,360 non-shallow lakes, and do results differ by hydrologic connectivity class? To answer this question, we assembled the LAGOS-NE Shallow Lakes dataset described herein, a dataset derived from existing LAGOS-NE, LAGOS-DEPTH, and LAGOS-CLIMATE datasets. Response data variables were the median of available summer (e.g., 15 June to 15 September) values of total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a (CHLa). Predictor variables were assembled at two spatial scales for incorporation into hierarchical models. At the local or lake-specific scale (including the individual lake, its inter-lake watershed [iws] or corresponding HU12 watershed), variables included those representing land use/cover, hydrology, climate, morphometry, and acid deposition. At the regional scale (e.g., HU4 watershed), variables included a smaller set of predictor variables for hydrology and land use/cover. The dataset also includes the unique identifier assigned by LAGOS-NE(lagoslakeid); the latitude and longitude of the study lakes; their maximum and mean depths along with a depth classification of Shallow or non-Shallow; connectivity class (i.e., whether a lake was classified as connected (with inlets and outlets) or unconnected (lacking inlets); and the zone id for the HU4 to which each lake belongs. Along with the database, we provide the R scripts for the hierarchical models predicting TP or CHLa (TPorCHL_predictive_model.R), and the TP—CHLa relationship (TP_CHL_CSI_Model.R) for depth and connectivity subsets of the study lakes.
Non-trophic interactions amplify kelp harvest-induced biomass oscillations and biomass changes in a kelp forest ecological network model
<p><span>Kelp forests are important marine ecosystems providing habitat for numerous species. Despite over 50 years of mechanical harvesting in the Northeast Atlantic, the indirect impacts of kelp harvesting and associated habitat loss on faunal species within kelp forests remain poorly understood. We investigated the consequences of kelp harvesting by developing an allometric trophic network model for a subtidal Northeast Atlantic kelp forest (dominated by <em>Laminaria</em> <em>hyperborea</em>). Additionally, we designed a novel mechanistic model to explore the non-trophic interactions between kelp and age class 0 Atlantic cod (<em>Gadus</em> <em>morhua</em>) and kelp and European lobster (<em>Homarus</em> <em>gammarus</em>), specifically focusing on the increased survival benefits provided by the kelp habitat. Simulations were conducted over a 50-year period, incorporating harvesting cycles of 2, 5, and 9 years, as well as low and high harvesting intensities. Our findings reveal the complex dynamics resulting from kelp harvesting. The recovery of kelp biomass was observed with 5- and 9-year harvesting cycles, whereas a decline was observed with a 2-year cycle. Furthermore, the non-trophic interaction facilitated a higher pre-harvest biomass for both the European lobster and the Atlantic cod compared to scenarios without this interaction. These results highlight the multitrophic effects of kelp harvesting and emphasize that the recovery of kelp-associated species may not necessarily align with kelp recovery, depending on harvesting intensity and recovery periods. Importantly, our study contributes to a better understanding of the ecological consequences of kelp harvesting and underscores the need for sustainable management practices to mitigate habitat loss in kelp ecosystems.</span></p>
Fig. 5 in Trophic ecology of Arapaima in Guyana: giant omnivores in Neotropical floodplains
Fig. 5. Structures associated with feeding in Arapaima, including: a) bony plates on the roof of the buccal cavity (vo = vomer, pas = parasphenoid, enp = entopterygoid, and dpt+ecp = fused dermopalatine+ectopterygoid), b) bony tongue (abbtp = anterior basibranchial toothplate) and gill rakers (gr), and c) jaw teeth (jaw bones are d = dentary, mx = maxilla, and pmx = premaxilla). Panels a and b are for a specimen from Mamirauá Reserve, Brazil (now a dried skeleton at Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil (INPA 26583, 121 cm TL, collected by C. Arantes, Nov. 2006); panel c is of a dried skull specimen from the Essequibo River that was on display at Iwokrama Centre, Guyana (estimated 239 cm TL, based on morphometric data for Essequibo basin Arapaima, Stewart & Watson, pers. comm.).
Fig. 6 in Trophic ecology of Arapaima in Guyana: giant omnivores in Neotropical floodplains
Fig. 6. Anatomy of the digestive tract from a 78 cm TL juvenile Arapaima from Mamirauá Reserve, Brazil (now a dried skeleton in Manaus, INPA 26582, collected by C. Arantes, Nov. 2006). The intestine in this specimen was 1.77 times TL, which was longer than the average for both Essequibo and Mamirauá populations.
Fig. 2 in Trophic ecology of Arapaima in Guyana: giant omnivores in Neotropical floodplains
Fig. 2. Scatter plot of δ13C and δ15N signatures for Arapaima and prey fish. The plot includes points for individual Arapaima (stars) and mean for values of prey taxa when possible (diamonds = piscivores, n = 6, triangles = omnivores, n = 12, squares = detritivores, n = 10). Species names for prey fishes are: Amb = Amblydoras sp., Anc = Ancistrus sp., Apt = Apteronotus cf. albifrons, Ch = Chilodus sp., Cre = Crenicichla sp., Cur = curimatid, Eig = Eigenmannia sp., Geo = Geophagus surinamensis, Hop = Hoplias malabaricus, Hyp = Hypostomus sp., Pla = Platydoras sp., Rin = Rineloricaria sp., Ste = Sternopygus sp., Tra = Trachycorystes trachcorystes.
Fig. 3 in Trophic ecology of Arapaima in Guyana: giant omnivores in Neotropical floodplains
Fig. 3. Histograms of the distribution of all feasible contributions of the three dietary fish groups for Arapaima: a) piscivores, b) omnivores, and c) algivores/detritivores based on the IsoSource model. Values in boxes are 1% percentile and 99% percentile ranges for these distributions.
Fig. 4 in Trophic ecology of Arapaima in Guyana: giant omnivores in Neotropical floodplains
Fig. 4. Histograms of the distribution of feasible contributions of the three dietary fish groups for Arapaima: a) piscivores, b) omnivores, and c) algivores/detritivores after imposing additional constraints of: I) omnivores> carnivores, and II) algivores/ detritivores> carnivores. Values in boxes are 1% percentile and 99% percentile ranges for these distributions.
Fig. 1 in Trophic ecology of Arapaima in Guyana: giant omnivores in Neotropical floodplains
Fig. 1. Map of collecting localities for stable isotope samples from the Essequibo River basin of southwestern Guyana. Sites are as follows: a) Banana Sucker Pond, b) Grass Pond, c) Makarapan Pond, d) Small Kumaka Pond, e) Inkapati Head Pond, and f) Stanley Lake. Inset shows location of study area in northern South America (black box with arrow) in relation to natural distribution of the genus Arapaima (grey shading).
Fig. 2 in Molecular Identification, Fatty Acid Profile and Trace Elements in a Stranded Fin Whale in Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia): Implications on Migration Routes and Trophic Ecology of Southern Fin Whales.
Fig. 2. (a) The phylogenetic tree showing the stranded baleen whale (Baleen whale KP/Sabah/02082012) clustered together with the fin whale Balaenoptera physalus (U13103, Z18633 and X61145). (b) The phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome b gene sequence indicating that the stranded fin whale (Baleen whale KP/Sabah/02082012) is closely related to the specimen of fin whales from the southern hemisphere with accession number KC572845, which represents Balaenoptera physalus quoi.
Fig. 1 in Molecular Identification, Fatty Acid Profile and Trace Elements in a Stranded Fin Whale in Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia): Implications on Migration Routes and Trophic Ecology of Southern Fin Whales.
Fig. 1. Stranding site (red-filled triangle) of the fin whale at the Sitompok River (Lat. 05°34'672"N; Long.115°39'710"E) near Kuala Penyu (KP), a coastal town overlooking the South China Sea on the western shores of Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia) (inset map). The approximate location of the sighting of possible fin whales reported by De Boer (2000) is marked with a blue-filled circle. The distribution ranges of rorquals species, including fin whales, in the Philippine waters reported by Slijper et al. (1964) and Acebes (2014) are marked with green-filled circles. The locations of fin whales' migration ranges in Australian waters according to Aulich et al. (2019) are shown using red-filled circles. The stranding site of the unconfirmed fin whale species at Pulau Sugi (Junge 1950) is indicated by a yellow-filled circle.
Fig. 4 in Molecular Identification, Fatty Acid Profile and Trace Elements in a Stranded Fin Whale in Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia): Implications on Migration Routes and Trophic Ecology of Southern Fin Whales.
Fig. 4. (a) Concentrations of trace elements (Mean ± SD) in the skin and blubber of the southern fin whale recorded in the present study compared to (b) the concentrations of trace elements in the skin of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) extracted from the results of Martino et al. (2013).
Fig. 3 in Molecular Identification, Fatty Acid Profile and Trace Elements in a Stranded Fin Whale in Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia): Implications on Migration Routes and Trophic Ecology of Southern Fin Whales.
Fig. 3. Comparison of the percentages of fatty acid profiles for (a) SFA, (b) MUFA and (c) PUFA in the tissues of adult male (M) and female (F) southern humpback whales during the early and late migrations extracted from the results of Waugh et al. (2012), epipelagic and mesopelagic (i.e., average) fish in the South China Sea (SCS) extracted from the supplementary data of Wang et al. (2019) and the southern fin whale in the present study.
Arthropod Trophic Ecology Data
<p>Data on arthropod trophic guilds & feeding structures compiled from the following sources: </p> <p>Aanen, D.K. and Eggleton, P., 2005. Fungus-growing termites originated in African rain forest. Current biology, 15(9), pp.851-855. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.03.043">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.03.043</a></p> <p>Aanen, D.K., Eggleton, P., Rouland-Lefevre, C., Guldberg-Frøslev, T., Rosendahl, S. and Boomsma, J.J., 2002. The evolution of fungus-growing termites and their mutualistic fungal symbionts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(23), pp.14887-14892. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.222313099">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.222313099</a></p> <p>Adams, E.C.G., Salmon, J.T., 1972. The mouth-parts and feeding methods of Brachystomella parvula (Schaeffer) (Collembola: Brachystomellidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 124, 269–286. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1972.tb00366.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1972.tb00366.x</a></p> <p>Bartlett, C.R., Deitz, L.L., Dmitriev, D.A., Sanborn, A.F., Soulier‐Perkins, A. and Wallace, M.S., (2018). The Diversity of the True Hoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). In: R.G. Foottit &. Adler, P.H (eds.) Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Volume 2. Hoboken: Wiley. pp.501-590. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118945582.ch19">https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118945582.ch19</a></p> <p>Bicha, W.J., (2018). Biodiversity of Mecoptera. In: R.G. Foottit &. Adler, P.H (eds.) Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Volume 2. Hoboken: Wiley. pp.705-720. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118945582.ch23">https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118945582.ch23</a></p> <p>Blanke, A. (2019). The Early Evolution of Biting–Chewing Performance in Hexapoda. In: Krenn, H. (eds) Insect Mouthparts. Zoological Monographs, vol 5. Springer, Cham. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29654-4_6">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29654-4_6</a></p> <p>Borkent, A. 2008. The frog-biting midges of the world (Corethrellidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 1804: 1–456. <a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1804.1.1">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1804.1.1</a></p> <p>Borkent, A. 2009. Chaoboridae (Phantom Midges). Pages 365-367 in Brown, B. V.; A. Borkent; J. M. Cumming; D. M. Wood; N. E. Woodley & M. A. Zumbado, eds., Manual of Central America Diptera. Volume 1. NRC Research Press, Ottawa. </p> <p>Bouchard, P., Smith, A.B., Douglas, H., Gimmel, M.L., Brunke, A.J. and Kanda, K., (2017). Biodiversity of Coleoptera. In: R.G. Foottit &. Adler, P.H (eds.) Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Hoboken: Wiley. pp.337-417. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118945568.ch11">https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118945568.ch11</a></p> <p>Bradler, S., T. R. Buckley. (2018). Biodiversity of Phasmatodea. In: R.G. Foottit &. Adler, P.H (eds.) Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Volume 2. Hoboken: Wiley. pp.281-313. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118945582.ch11">https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118945582.ch11</a></p> <p>Brandão, C.R.F., Feitosa, R.M. and Diniz, J.L., 2015. Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical Myrmicinae ant genus Blepharidatta Wheeler. Zootaxa, 4012(1), pp.33-56. <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4012.1.2">https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4012.1.2</a></p> <p>Branstetter, M.G., Ješovnik, A., Sosa-Calvo, J., Lloyd, M.W., Faircloth, B.C., Brady, S.G. and Schultz, T.R., 2017. Dry habitats were crucibles of domestication in the evolution of agriculture in ants. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 284(1852), p.20170095. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0095">https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0095</a></p> <p>Carmean, D. 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Spreadsheet Template for Arthropod Trophic Ecology
<p>Spreadsheet template for <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13320943">Arthropod Trophic Ecology Data</a></p>
FIGURE 6 in Trophic ecology and resource partitioning of Haemulidae species along the Northeastern Brazilian continental shelf
FIGURE 6 | A. Scaled isotopic niches and B. Isotopic overlap of Haemulon aurolineatum, H. plumierii and H. squamipina captured along the northeast coast of Brazil.
FIGURE 5 in Trophic ecology and resource partitioning of Haemulidae species along the Northeastern Brazilian continental shelf
FIGURE 5 | Isotopic ratios of carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ15N) of Haemulon plumierii, H. aurolineatum and H. squamipinna in different latitude gradient and ontogeny captured along the northeast coast of Brazil. The black horizontal line and box represent the median value and the interquartile range, while the vertical lines represent the upper and lower limits. Outliers were not included in the plot. *All caught specimens of H. squamipinna were considered adults, not allowing ontogenetic analysis. Different symbols (*, ** and **) represent significant difference. Ontogeny* - All caught specimens of H. squamipinna were considered adults, not allowing ontogenetic analysis.
FIGURE 3 in Trophic ecology and resource partitioning of Haemulidae species along the Northeastern Brazilian continental shelf
FIGURE 3 | Modified Costello diagram (Pi, prey specific abundance; Fo, frequency of occurence), a scatterplot containing all prey items, showing the feeding strategy of Haemulon aurolineatum and H. plumierii captured along the northeast coast of Brazil.
FIGURE 1 in Trophic ecology and resource partitioning of Haemulidae species along the Northeastern Brazilian continental shelf
FIGURE 1 | Study area and sample points along the continental shelf of the northeast coast of Brazil. Red dots indicate samples for inner position (≤ 20 km) and black dots for outer (> 20 km).
FIGURE 2 in Trophic ecology and resource partitioning of Haemulidae species along the Northeastern Brazilian continental shelf
FIGURE 2 | Feeding intensity indicator (Fi) of Haemulon aurolineatum and H. plumierii in different habitats, latitude gradient, shelf position, ontogeny and period of the day. The black horizontal line and box represent the median value and the interquartile range, while the vertical lines represent the upper and lower limits. Outliers were not included in the plot. Different symbols (* and **) represent significant difference.
FIGURE 4 in Trophic ecology and resource partitioning of Haemulidae species along the Northeastern Brazilian continental shelf
FIGURE 4 | Isotopic ratios of carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ15N) of Haemulon plumierii, H. aurolineatum, and H. squamipinna in different habitats and shelf position captured along the northeast coast of Brazil. The black horizontal line and box represent the median value and the interquartile range, while the vertical lines represent the upper and lower limits. Outliers were not included in the plot. Different symbols (* and **) represent significant difference.
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