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42 results for “Trophis”
Public perceptions of trophy hunting are pragmatic, not dogmatic
<div> <div> <div> <div> <p>Fierce international debates rage over whether trophy hunting is socially acceptable, especially when people from the Global North hunt well-known animals in sub-Saharan Africa. We used an online vignette experiment to investigate public perceptions of the acceptability of trophy hunting in sub-Saharan Africa among people who live in urban areas of the USA, UK and South Africa. Acceptability depended on specific attributes of different hunts as well as participants' characteristics. Zebra hunts were more acceptable than elephant hunts, hunts that would provide meat to local people were more acceptable than hunts in which meat would be left for wildlife, and hunts in which revenues would support wildlife conservation were more acceptable than hunts in which revenues would support either economic development or hunting enterprises. Acceptability was generally lower among participants from the UK and those who more strongly identified as an animal protectionist, but higher among participants with more formal education, who more strongly identified as a hunter, or who would more strongly prioritize people over wild animals. Overall, acceptability was higher when hunts would produce tangible benefits for local people, suggesting that members of three urban publics adopt more pragmatic positions than are typically evident in polarized international debates.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Fig. 2 in Depletion of trophy large-sized sharks populations of the Argentinean coast, south-western Atlantic: insights from fishers' knowledge
Fig. 2. Variation in abundance reported by fishermen between the beginning of their fishing activity and the last part. (a) With all reports considered and (b) with no abundance variation excluded.
Fig. 1 in Depletion of trophy large-sized sharks populations of the Argentinean coast, south-western Atlantic: insights from fishers' knowledge
Fig. 1. Location of coastal localities and distribution range of study species in the south west Atlantic. Continuous line: Notorynchus cepedianus; dotted line: Galeorhinus galeus; dashed line: Carcharhinus brachyurus and Carcharias taurus.
Public perceptions of trophy hunting are pragmatic, not dogmatic
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Trophy
Trophy scanned by Thunk3D handheld scanner Lily Qin Whatsapp:+86 18501190887 Email: lily.qin@thunk3d.com FB:https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100048599976879 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Trophy constrains the temperature effect on ciliate species turnover rates
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Data from: Changes in horn size of Stone's sheep over four decades correlate with trophy hunting pressure
Selective harvest may lead to rapid evolutionary change. For large herbivores, trophy hunting removes males with large horns. That artificial selection, operating in opposition to sexual selection, can lead to undesirable consequences for management and conservation. There have been no comparisons of long-term changes in trophy size under contrasting harvest pressures. We analyzed horn measurements of Stone's rams (Ovis dalli stonei) harvested over 37 years in two large regions of British Columbia, Canada, with marked differences in hunting pressure to identify when selective hunting may cause a long-term decrease in horn growth. Under strong selective harvest, horn growth early in life and the number of males harvested declined respectively by 12% and 45% over the study period. Horn shape also changed over time: horn length became shorter for a given base circumference, likely because horn base is not a direct target of hunter selection. In contrast, under relatively lower hunting pressure, there were no detectable temporal trends in early horn growth, number of males harvested or horn length relative to base circumference. Trophy hunting is an important recreational activity and can generate substantial revenues for conservation. By providing a reproductive advantage to males with smaller horns and reducing the availability of desirable trophies, however, excessive harvest may have the undesirable long-term consequences of reducing both the harvest and the horn size of rams. These consequences can be avoided by limiting offtake.
Data from: Trophy hunting mediates sex-specific associations between early-life environmental conditions and adult mortality in bighorn sheep
1. Environmental conditions during early development, from conception to sexual maturity, can have lasting consequences on fitness components. Although adult lifespan often accounts for much of the variation in fitness in long-lived animals, we know little about how early environment affects adult lifespan in the wild, and even less about whether these effects differ between the sexes. 2. Using data collected over 45 years from wild bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), we investigated the effects of early environment on adult mortality in both sexes, distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic sources of mortality. 3. We used the average body mass of yearlings (at about 15 months of age) as a yearly index of environmental quality. We first examined sex differences in natural mortality responses to early environment by censoring harvested males in the year they were shot. We then investigated sex differences in the effects of early environment on overall mortality (natural and hunting mortality combined). Finally, we used path analysis to separate the direct influence of early environment from indirect influences, mediated by age at first reproduction, adult mass and horn length. 4. As early environmental conditions improved, natural adult mortality decreased in both sexes, although for males the effect was not statistically supported. Sex differences in the effects of early environment on adult mortality were detected only when natural and hunting mortality were pooled. Males that experienced favorable early environment had longer horns as adults and died earlier because of trophy hunting, which does not mimic natural mortality. Females that experienced favorable early environment started to reproduce earlier and early primiparity was associated with reduced mortality, suggesting a silver-spoon effect. 5. Our results show that early conditions affect males and females differently because of trophy hunting. These findings highlight the importance of considering natural and anthropogenic environmental factors across different life stages to understand sex differences in mortality.
Data from: Assessing the sustainability of African lion trophy hunting, with recommendations for policy
While trophy hunting provides revenue for conservation, it must be carefully managed to avoid negative population impacts, particularly for long-lived species with low natural mortality rates. Trophy hunting has had negative effects on lion populations throughout Africa, and the species serves as an important case study to consider the balance of costs and benefits, and to consider the effectiveness of alternative strategies to conserve exploited species. Age-restricted harvesting is widely recommended to mitigate negative effects of lion hunting, but this recommendation was based on a population model parameterized with data from a well-protected and growing lion population. Here, we used demographic data from lions subject to more typical conditions, including source–sink dynamics between a protected National Park and adjacent hunting areas in Zambia's Luangwa Valley, to develop a stochastic population projection model and evaluate alternative harvest scenarios. Hunting resulted in population declines over a 25-yr period for all continuous harvest strategies, with large declines for quotas >1 lion/concession (~0.5 lion/1,000 km2) and hunting of males younger than seven years. A strategy that combined periods of recovery, an age limit of ≥7 yr, and a maximum quota of ~0.5 lions shot/1,000 km2 yielded a risk of extirpation <10%. Our analysis incorporated the effects of human encroachment, poaching, and prey depletion on survival, but assumed that these problems will not increase, which is unlikely. These results suggest conservative management of lion trophy hunting with a combination of regulations. To implement sustainable trophy hunting while maintaining revenue for conservation of hunting areas, our results suggest that hunting fees must increase as a consequence of diminished supply. These findings are broadly applicable to hunted lion populations throughout Africa and to inform global efforts to conserve exploited carnivore populations.
Trophy axe
an old battle axe that has seen many deaths and worthy enemies. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIGURE 5. Cantellius sextus. Trophi. A in A new species of Cantellius and a redescription of C. sextus (Hiro, 1938) (Cirripedia, Balanomorpha Pyrgomatidae) from the elephant skin coral, Pachyseris speciosa (Dana, 1846) (Scleractinia, Agariciidae) from Taiwan
FIGURE 5. Cantellius sextus. Trophi. A) Labrum, general view; B) labrum, showing sharp, deep notch; C) large teeth on the edge of labrum; D) mandible, general view; E) serrulate setae on the side of mandible; F) lower margin of mandible; G) maxillule, general view; H) serrulate setae on maxillule; I) mandibulatory palp; J) serrulate setae on mandibulatory palp; K) maxilla; and L) serrulate setae on maxilla. Scale bar in μm.
FIGURE 4 in Epibiotic rotifers of Gammarus pulex (L.) (Crustacea, Amphipoda), with descriptions of two new species and notes on the terminology of the trophi
FIGURE 4. Flabella, rami apophyses and transversal sclerites, SEM photographs. A. Cephalodella theodora, complete set of trophi, inner view; B. C. theodora, flabellum; C. C. gibba, ventro-frontal, flabella; D. Cephalodella sp. 1, flabellum; E. C. megalocephala, complete set, lateral right; F. C. megalocephala, flabellum; G. Cephalodella sp. 2, subdistal lateral ramus apophysis; H. C. theodora, apical rami apophyses; I. Notommata glyphura, transversal sclerites; J. N. copeus, transversal sclerite, right; K. N. copeus, transversal sclerite, left. aa: apical ramus apophysis; f: flabellum; la: subdistal lateral ramus apophysis; mt: medial rami teeth; p: pecten; su: subuncus consisting of field of knobbed protuberances; u: uncus. Scale bars: A−E, I−H: 10 µm, F: 1 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Epibiotic rotifers of Gammarus pulex (L.) (Crustacea, Amphipoda), with descriptions of two new species and notes on the terminology of the trophi
FIGURE 1. Cephalodella jersabeki sp.nov., female. A. habitus, dorsal; B. habitus, lateral; C. ultimate foot pseudosegment and toes, dorsal; D. ultimate foot pseudosegment and toe, left; E. live animal, lateral; F. trophi, left; G. trophi, ventral; H. trophi, right. Scale bars: A, B: 50 µm; C, D, F−H: 10 µm.
FIGURE 9 in Epibiotic rotifers of Gammarus pulex (L.) (Crustacea, Amphipoda), with descriptions of two new species and notes on the terminology of the trophi
FIGURE 9. Dicranophorus cambari Wulfert, SEM photographs of trophi. A. complete set, ventral; B. ibidem, oblique lateral; C. ibidem, dorsal; D−F. epipharynx, dorsal; G. teeth of right uncus; H. left uncus; I. rami tips and unci teeth. at: apical rami teeth; e: epiuncus; lc: large epipharyngeal comb; rt: rami teeth; sc: small epipharyngeal comb. Scale bars: A−C: 50 µm; D−I: 10 µm.
FIGURE 5. Proales gammaricola n in Epibiotic rotifers of Gammarus pulex (L.) (Crustacea, Amphipoda), with descriptions of two new species and notes on the terminology of the trophi
FIGURE 5. Proales gammaricola n. sp., female. A. Live animal, lateral; B. habitus, dorsal; C. habitus, lateral; D. ultimate foot pseudosegment and toe, left, lateral; E. ultimate foot pseudosegment and toes, dorsal; F. trophi elements, incus ventral, mallei outer view. Scale bars: 10 µm.
FIGURE 3. Pectines, SEM photographs. A in Epibiotic rotifers of Gammarus pulex (L.) (Crustacea, Amphipoda), with descriptions of two new species and notes on the terminology of the trophi
FIGURE 3. Pectines, SEM photographs. A. Cephalodella hoodii, complete set of trophi, ventral; B. ibidem, detail; C. C. maior, ventro-frontal; D. C. boettgeri, ventro-fontal; E. C. panarista, ventro-frontal; F. C. stenroosi, ventro-frontal. aa: apical ramus apophysis; dc: dorsal ramus chamber; f: flabellum; p: pecten. Scale bars: A, C−F: 10 µm, B: 5 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Epibiotic rotifers of Gammarus pulex (L.) (Crustacea, Amphipoda), with descriptions of two new species and notes on the terminology of the trophi
FIGURE 2. Cephalodella jersabeki sp.nov., SEM photographs of trophi. A. complete set, ventral; B. ibidem, lateral right; C. complete set, dorsal; D. manubrium, left; E. manubrium, right; F. detail rami and unci, ventral; G. ibidem, lateral left; H. ibidem, ventro-frontal; I. detail pectines, distal rami teeth and right uncus, ventro-frontal; J. flabellum; K−N. pectines, unci and subunci, dorsal. bc: basal chamber; dc: dorsal chamber; dt: distal rami teeth; f: flabellum; p: pecten; sf: subbasifenestra; su: subuncus; u: uncus. Scale bars: A−H: 10 µm; J−N: 1 µm.
FIGURE 7. Catenae, SEM photographs. A in Epibiotic rotifers of Gammarus pulex (L.) (Crustacea, Amphipoda), with descriptions of two new species and notes on the terminology of the trophi
FIGURE 7. Catenae, SEM photographs. A. Proales halophila, dorsal; B. P. similis, ventral; C. Mytilina bicarinata, ventral; D. Mytilina sp., detail rami tips and catenae, dorsal. c: catena; m: manubrium; r: ramus; u: uncus; tp transverse uncinal process. Scale bars: A, B, D: 5 µm; C: 10 µm.
FIGURE 6. Proales gammaricola n in Epibiotic rotifers of Gammarus pulex (L.) (Crustacea, Amphipoda), with descriptions of two new species and notes on the terminology of the trophi
FIGURE 6. Proales gammaricola n. sp., SEM photographs of trophi. A. complete set, incus ventral, left manubrium outer view; B. ibidem, detail; C. detail rami (ventral) and unci (outer view); D. complete set, lateral; E. incus, dorsal. c: catenae; l: ligament; tp: transverse uncinal process. Scale bars: 10 µm.
FIGURE 10. Embata laticeps, habitus. A in Epibiotic rotifers of Gammarus pulex (L.) (Crustacea, Amphipoda), with descriptions of two new species and notes on the terminology of the trophi
FIGURE 10. Embata laticeps, habitus. A. lateral, corona retracted; B. extended corona, dorsal; C. foot with spurs; D. egg.
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