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106 results for “Tropical Andes”
Projected distribution of invasive plant species in the tropical Andes under climate change
<p>Distribution maps of 11 invasive species now and in the future (2040-70). The projections were the result of the assembly of three algorithms: Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Future projections were made for three global circulation models and three climate change scenarios, each with low (SSP126), medium (SSP370), and high (SSP585) levels of carbon emission.</p> <p>Habitat suitability and presence/absence maps are also included. The threshold for establishing a species as present was determined to be the value that maximized the TSS. </p> <p>For more information, see the article accompanying the dataset by González-Trujillo et al. Mapping the threat: Projecting invasive plant distribution in the tropical Andes under climate change</p> <p>List of modeled invasive plant species and their known impacts in the tropics.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Species </strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Biogeographic origin</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Impacts </strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>References</strong></p> </td> <td> <p><strong>GBIF data (DOIs)</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Acacia decurrens </em></p> </td> <td> <p>Australian</p> </td> <td> <p>Create regular layers of litter on the ground, inhibit or redirect successional processes, inhibit the expression of seed banks, and limit resource supply, leading to displacement of native plants and animals and increasing the frequency of fires.</p> </td> <td> <p> (Cárdenas López et al., 2017; Le Maitre et al., 2011)</p> </td> <td> <p>https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.mjyxhw</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Acacia melanoxylon</em></p> </td> <td> <p>Australian</p> </td> <td> <p>Alter the structure and function of their ecosystems, thereby displacing their native flora. It also causes soil erosion and alters hydrological cycles, negatively affecting agriculture.</p> </td> <td> <p>(Kumschick and Jansen, 2023; Le Maitre et al., 2011)</p> <p> </p> </td> <td> <p>https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.4cugnk</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Arundo donax</em></p> <p><em> </em></p> </td> <td> <p>Holarctic</p> </td> <td> <p>Alter<em> </em>the natural vegetation structure, outcompete native plant species and diminish the diversity and abundance of animals such as arthropods and birds. It also drives out soil, fuels forest fires, displaces native species, and increases the invasion of ticks that affect livestock.</p> </td> <td> <p>(Cárdenas López et al., 2017; Girotto et al., 2021; Lambert et al., 2010)</p> </td> <td> <p>https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.bfep4t</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Genista monspessulana</em></p> </td> <td> <p>Holarctic</p> </td> <td> <p>Alter fire regime and nutrient cycling displace native species and decrease native diversity by forming dense monospecific stands. It also facilitates the establishment of other invasive species and produces seeds that are toxic to livestock and humans.</p> </td> <td> <p>(Cárdenas López et al., 2017; Herrera et al., 2016; Pauchard et al., 2008)</p> </td> <td> <p>https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.gyhnxh</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Hedychium coronarium </em></p> </td> <td> <p>Indo-Malesian</p> </td> <td> <p>Alter hydrological and nutrient cycles in soil. It forms thickets that suppress the successional and regeneration processes of native species, thus affecting the native flora and crops.</p> </td> <td> <p>(Cárdenas López et al., 2017; Costa et al., 2019)</p> </td> <td> <p>https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.6z2jgb</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Melinis minutiflora</em></p> </td> <td> <p>African</p> </td> <td> <p>Increases the occurrence of fires, displaces native species, and alters soil properties and decomposition. It also inhibits the growth of native species.</p> </td> <td> <p>(Cárdenas López et al., 2017; Nogueira et al., 2019; Sandoval et al., 2022)</p> </td> <td> <p>https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.fsqwsv</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Pteridium aquilinum</em></p> </td> <td> <p>Holarctic</p> </td> <td> <p>Alter vegetation success processes affect crops and cause livestock poisoning. It also produces acids that inhibit root growth in native and cultivated species.</p> </td> <td> <p> (Berget et al., 2015; Cárdenas López et al., 2017; Valdez-Ramírez et al., 2020)</p> <p> </p> </td> <td> <p>https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.sp4uuv</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Ricinus communis</em></p> </td> <td> <p>African</p> </td> <td> <p>Alter vegetation success processes affect crops and cause livestock poisoning. It also produces acids that inhibit root growth in native and cultivated species.</p> </td> <td> <p>(Cárdenas López et al., 2017; Sandoval et al., 2022; Silva and Fabricante, 2022)</p> </td> <td> <p>https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.dhbphb</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Senecio madagascariensis</em></p> </td> <td> <p>African</p> </td> <td> <p>Alter soil nutrient cycles, damage to agricultural crops, and outcompete native species. It also contains substances that are toxic to both animals and humans. </p> </td> <td> <p>(Wijayabandara et al., 2021)</p> </td> <td> <p>https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.7e8eyx</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Thunbergia alata</em></p> </td> <td> <p>African</p> </td> <td> <p>Displace native species and reduce habitat heterogeneity, thereby affecting the structure and function of native ecosystems.</p> </td> <td> <p>(Cárdenas López et al., 2017; Quijano-Abril et al., 2021)</p> </td> <td> <p>https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.g9zybc</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><em>Ulex europeaus</em></p> </td> <td> <p>Holarctic</p> </td> <td> <p>Dry soil and increase the occurrence of fires. Inhibits vegetative growth, including pastures in agricultural and livestock lands.</p> </td> <td> <p>(Anderson and Anderson, 2009; Cárdenas López et al., 2017)</p> </td> <td> <p>https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.6642q9</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Plant dispersal strategies of high tropical alpine communities across the Andes
<p>• Dispersal is a key ecological process that influences plant community assembly. Therefore, understanding whether dispersal strategies are associated with climate is of utmost importance, particularly in areas greatly exposed to climate change. We examined alpine plant communities located in the mountain summits of the tropical Andes across a 4000 km latitudinal gradient. We investigated species dispersal strategies and tested their association with climatic conditions and their evolutionary history.</p> <p>• We used dispersal-related traits (dispersal mode and growth form) to characterize dispersal strategies for 486 species recorded on 49 mountain summits. Then we analysed the phylogenetic signal of traits and investigated the association between dispersal traits, phylogeny, climate and space using structural equation modelling and fourth-corner analysis together with RLQ ordination.</p> <p>• A median of 36% species in the communities were anemochorous (wind-dispersed) and herbaceous. This dispersal strategy was followed by the barochory-herb combination (herbaceous with unspecialised seeds, dispersed by gravity) with a median of 26.3% species in the communities. The latter strategy was common among species with distributions restricted to alpine environments.</p> <p>• While trait states were phylogenetically conserved, they were significantly associated with a temperature gradient. Low minimum air temperatures, found at higher latitudes/elevations, were correlated with the prevalence of barochory and the herb growth form, traits that are common among Caryophyllales, Brassicaceae and Poaceae. Milder temperatures, found at lower latitudes/elevations, were associated with endozoochorous, shrub species mostly from the Ericaceae family. Anemochorous species were found all along the temperature gradient, possibly due to the success of anemochorous Compositae species in alpine regions. We also found that trait state dominance was more associated with the climatic conditions of the summit than with community phylogenetic structure. Although the evolutionary history of the tropical Andean flora has also shaped dispersal strategies, our results suggest that the environment had a more predominant role.</p> <p>• Synthesis: We showed that dispersal related traits are strongly associated with a gradient of minimum air temperatures in the Andes. Global warming may weaken this key filter at tropical alpine summits, potentially altering community dispersal strategies in this region and thus, plant community structure and composition.</p>
FIGURE 10 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 10. Scatterplots of PC1 and PC2 generated by the principal component analyses and LD1 and LD2 generated by the linear discriminant analyses performed on meristic variables (scale counts). See table 7 for corresponding summary statistics. Figure color-coded following species labels in figure 11.
FIGURE 8 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 8. Boxplots showing variation in scale counts among Tropidurus chromatops, T. etheridgei, and T. azurduyae.
FIGURE 7 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 7. Scatterplots of PC1 and PC2 generated by the principal component analyses and LD1 and LD2 generated by the linear discriminant analyses performed on morphometric variables. See table 4 for corresponding summary statistics. Figure color-coded following species labels in figure 11.
FIGURE 6 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 6. Live specimens of Tropidurus chromatops Harvey and Gutberlet, 1998 from isolated granitic outcrops ~30 km W Florida, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (14° 36′ 17.28″ S, 61° 29′ 32.64″ W — WGS84 system; ~309 m). A, C, Adult female (MHNC-R 3003). B, D, Adult male (MHNC-R 3018).
FIGURE 5 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 5. Adult male of Tropidurus chromatops Harvey and Gutberlet, 1998 (MHNC-R 3018), illustrating the expanded lateral neck mite pockets and the colorful facial mask with touches of blue and cream, characteristic of the species.
FIGURE 4 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 4. Preserved holotype of Tropidurus azurduyae (adult male, MHNC-R 3011). A, Dorsal head. B, Ventral head. C, Lateral head. D, Ventral body. E, Lateral body. F, Dorsal body.
FIGURE 3 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 3. Live specimens of Tropidurus etheridgei Cei, 1982 and T. azurduyae. A, C, Adult male of T. etheridgei (AMNH-R 176273) from Orloff, Colonia 15, Filadelfia, Boquerón, Paraguay (22° 19′ 58.42″ S, 59° 55′ 00.02″ W — WGS84 system; ~136 m). B, D, Adult female of T. etheridgei (AMNH-R 176277) from Estancia Esmeraldas, Boquerón, Paraguay (20° 59′ 15.81″ S 61° 59′ 27.90″ W — WGS84 system; ~329 m). E, G, Adult female (allotype MHNC-R 3009) of T. azurduyae. F, H, Adult male (holotype MHNC-R 3011) of T. azurduyae.
FIGURE 1 in A new collared lizard (Tropidurus: Tropiduridae) endemic to the Western Bolivian Andes and its implications for seasonally dry tropical forests
FIGURE 1. Habitats visited in the Torotoro National Park, Potosí, Bolivia. A–D, Prepuna (18° 7′ 10.92″ S, 65° 48′ 30.24″ W — WGS84 system; ~2798 m). E–G, Inter-Andean dry valleys at the type locality of Tropidurus azurduyae (18° 5′ 54.24″ S, 65° 44′ 57.48″ W — WGS84 system; ~2264 m). H, Adult male of T. azurduyae, sighted (not collected) at the type locality of the species.
Fig 11. Capsicum neei Barboza & X in Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus
Fig 11. Capsicum neei Barboza & X. Reyes. (A) Plant. (B) Flower bud. (C) Flowering branch. Photos by G. E. Barboza. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792.g011
Fig 10. Capsicum neei Barboza & X in Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus
Fig 10. Capsicum neei Barboza & X. Reyes. (A) Flowering branch. (B) Inflorescence. (C) Flower bud. (D) Flower. (E) Calyx. (F) Opened corolla. (G) Gynoecium (H) Fruit. (I) Glandular trichome of the inside calyx. (J) Glandular trichome of the pedicels. (K)
Fig 6 in Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus
Fig 6. Bayesian majority-rule consensus tree of Capsicum. Posterior probabilities values indicated by each branch. New species are highlighted in bold-colored letters and the clade to which they belong is indicated. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792.g006
Fig 9 in Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus
Fig 9. Somatic metaphase chromosomes and ideogram of Capsicum piuranum. (A) Methaphase chromosomes. (B) Ideogram. Solid black blocks or dots denote CMA+/DAPI- (NOR) or CMA+/DAPIo (terminal and intercalary) heterochromatic bands. The NOR is indicated as a separate block. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792.g009
Fig 8. Capsicum piuranum Barboza & S in Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus
Fig 8. Capsicum piuranum Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Leaves, abaxial surface. (C) Fruiting branch. (D) Flower bud. (E) Flower and immature fruit. (F) Mature fruit. (G) Fruit, transverse section, showing placenta and seeds. (H) Fruit transverse section, showing a stone cell at the apex (arrow). Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792.g008
Fig 5 in Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus
Fig 5. Somatic metaphase chromosomes and ideogram of Capsicum longifolium. (A) Methaphase chromosomes. (B) Ideogram. Solid black blocks or dots denote CMA+/DAPI- (NOR) or CMA+/DAPIo (terminal and intercalary) heterochromatic bands. The NOR is indicated as a separate block. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792.g005
Fig 12 in Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus
Fig 12. Distribution of Capsicum neei Barboza & X. Reyes. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792.g012
Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S in Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus
Fig 4. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Plant. (B) Internode with lenticels. (C, D) Flower buds. (E) Flower, longitudinal section. (F) Flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish center. (G) Same flower as in F, lateral view. (H, I) Flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral view, respectively. (J, K) Flowers with yellow corollas with red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively. (L, M) Immature fruits. (N) Mature fruit. Photos by S. Leiva González and G. E. Barboza.
Fig 3. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S in Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus
Fig 3. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva. (A) Flowering and fruiting branch. (B) Flower. (C) Opened corolla. (D, E, F) Anther, ventral, lateral and dorsal view, respectively. (G) Gynoecium. (H) Ovary in cross section. (I) Fruit. (J) Seed. Drawn by S. Leiva González.
Fig 1 in Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus
Fig 1. Capsicum benoistii Hunz. ex Barboza. (A) Flowering branch. (B) Flower. (C) Calyx. (D) Section of the calyx showing venation in tube and appendages. (E) Trichome of the calyx. (F) Opened corolla. (G, H) Gynoecium, with long and short style, respectively. Drawn by N. de Flury.
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