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opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Figures 5–10 in Scopaeus saotomensis spec. nov., a flightless rove beetle from the Island of São Tomé (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Lathrobiini) - Isolation and adaptation in a dark, humid, tropical forest environment

Figures 5–10. Scopaeus saotomensis, holotype, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé, Lagoa Amelia; aedeagus in lateral (5), ventral (6), dorsal (7) view; abdominal sternite VII (8); abdominal sternite VIII in ventral (9) and lateral (10) view. Abbreviations: dl – distal lobes (apical lobes and dorsal lobe not distinguishable), f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobes, mf – median foramen, mtf – median tooth of flagellum, p – parameres, sl – groups of setae of lateral lobes, sp – setae of phallobase, vdl – ventrodextral, lobiform enlargement of distal lobes, vl – ventral lobe.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Figure 1 in Scopaeus saotomensis spec. nov., a flightless rove beetle from the Island of São Tomé (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Lathrobiini) - Isolation and adaptation in a dark, humid, tropical forest environment

Figure 1. Habitus of Scopaeus saotomensis, holotype, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé, Lagoa Amelia.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Figures 2–4 in Scopaeus saotomensis spec. nov., a flightless rove beetle from the Island of São Tomé (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Lathrobiini) - Isolation and adaptation in a dark, humid, tropical forest environment

Figures 2–4. Scopaeus saotomensis, lateral aspect exhibiting basal depressions of abdominal tergites (upper arrows), basal constrictions of abdominal sternites (lower arrows), and stridular file on dorsolateral surface of metaventrite (2); enlarged view of stridular file (3); plectral ridges on posterior surface of base of mesothoracic leg (4).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Data from: A snow-dwelling tropical butterfly? An unprecedented discovery of a new genus of the Pedaliodes clade in an extreme, high-altitude Andean environment (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

A new genus of satyrine butterflies, Nivaliodes gen. nov., is described for three species, all new – N. negrobueno sp. nov.,N. virococha sp. nov. and N. puriq sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) – with a support of molecular data and adult morphology. Target enrichment-based phylogeny indicates Nivaliodes gen. nov. is sister to the genus Pherepedaliodeswithin an extremely diverse Pedaliodes clade of the predominantly Andean subtribe Pronophilina. Whereas an overwhelming majority of species of this group occur in tropical montane forests, N. negrobueno sp. nov. was discovered in a central Peruvian desert puna at some 4600-4800 m asl., the highest elevation reported for any species of the Pronophilina. Individuals were observed overflying rocky slopes and resting directly on snow-covered surfaces, which is an exceptionally unusual behaviour among butterflies. The other two species of the new genus were found at lower elevations, some 3300-4200 m asl. at the timberline and in puna grassland.

Figure 7 in The European Tertiary Neritiliidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Neritopsina): indicators of tropical submarine cave environments and freshwater faunas

Figure 7. Location of the Peyrère outcrop in the late Oligocene to mid Miocene fill of the Saubrigues palaeocanyon (from Kieken, 1973; Cahuzac et al., 1995).

Figure 6 in The European Tertiary Neritiliidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Neritopsina): indicators of tropical submarine cave environments and freshwater faunas

Figure 6. Pisulinella sp. from Mimbaste (Lower Miocene). A, apical view of the protoconch; arrow indicates the embryonic shell (MNHN-PL15356). B, enlarged portion of the protoconch showing the spiral ridges.

Figure 4 in The European Tertiary Neritiliidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Neritopsina): indicators of tropical submarine cave environments and freshwater faunas

Figure 4. Bourdieria faviai sp. nov. from Peyrère (Upper Oligocene). A, broken specimen (apical whorls removed) showing (arrowed) the ridge inside the aperture (MNHN-PL1634E). B & C, juvenile specimen of 0.8 adult whorl (MNHN- PL1634C). B, apical view of the protoconch showing the position of three weak ridges (arrowed). D-F, views of the holotype (MNHN-PL1634A); D, apertural view, E, right lateral view, F, dorsal view. G, view of the apical part showing the ridges of the protoconch (arrow). H, broken specimen showing internal view of the columellar area. I & J, apical view of the protoconch; arrow indicates the embryonic shell. I, detail of the embryonic shell.

Figure 5 in The European Tertiary Neritiliidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Neritopsina): indicators of tropical submarine cave environments and freshwater faunas

Figure 5. Pisulinella? aucoini sp. nov. from Meilhan (Lower Miocene). A, broken specimen (apical whorls removed) showing (arrowed) the ridge inside the aperture (MNHN-PL15356B). B & C, holotype (MNHN-PL15355A). B, in apertural view; C in right lateral view.

Figure 2 in The European Tertiary Neritiliidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Neritopsina): indicators of tropical submarine cave environments and freshwater faunas

Figure 2. Neritilia bisinuata sp. nov. from Bois-Gouët (Middle Eocene). A, apertural view of the holotype (MNHN- LR67776A); B, apical view of a paratype (MNHN-LR67776B), C, apical view of the protoconch; arrow indicates the embryonic shell.

Figure 3. A-J in The European Tertiary Neritiliidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Neritopsina): indicators of tropical submarine cave environments and freshwater faunas

Figure 3. A-J, Neritilia neritinoides (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917). K & L, Vitta picta (Férussac, 1825). A-D, operculum. E, apertural view (MNHN-PL15281). F, apical view of the protoconch. G, enlarged portion of the protoconch showing minute pits (MNHN-PL4185). H, apertural view. I, right lateral view. J, dorsal view (MNHN-PL14078). K, apical view of the protoconch. L, juvenile specimen of 0.8 whorl with operculum showing a tooth (arrowed) on the inner lip (MNHN-PL15385). Sources of specimens: A-E, Lucbardez; F & G, Pessac; H-L, Mimbaste (all Lower Miocene).

opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

dryad36/100

Characterizing the nectar microbiome of the non-native tropical milkweed, Asclepias curassavica, in an urban environment

In increasingly urban landscapes, the loss of native pollen and nectar floral resources is impacting ecologically important pollinators. Increased urbanization has also brought about the rise of urban gardens which introduce new floral resources that may help replace those the pollinators have lost. Recently, studies have shown that the microbial communities of nectar may play an important role in plant-pollinator interactions, but these microbial communities and the floral visitors in urban environments are poorly studied. In this study we characterized the floral visitors and nectar microbial communities of Ascelpias curassavica, a non-native tropical milkweed commonly, in an urban environment. We found that the majority of the floral visitors to A. curassavica were honey bees followed closely by monarch butterflies. We also found that there were several unique visitors to each site, such as ants, wasps, solitary bees, several species of butterflies and moths, Anna's hummingbird, and the tarantula hawk wasp. Significant differences in the nectar bacterial alpha and beta diversity were found across the urban sites, although we found no significant differences among the fungal communities. We found that the differences in the bacterial communities were more likely due to the environment and floral visitors rather than physiological differences in the plants growing at the gardens. Greater understanding of the impact of urbanization on the nectar microbiome of urban floral resources and consequently their effect on plant-pollinator relationships will help to predict how these relationships will change with urbanization, and how negative impacts can be mitigated through better management of the floral composition in urban gardens.

dryad36/100

Rethinking Gloger's Rule: climate, light environments and color in a large family of tropical birds (Furnariidae)

Ecogeographic rules provide a framework within which to test evolutionary hypotheses of adaptation. Gloger's rule predicts endothermic animals should have darker colors in warm and rainy climates. This rule also predicts animals should be redder in warm and dry climates, the so-called "complex Gloger's rule." Empirical studies frequently demonstrate that animals are darker in cool and wet rather than warm and wet climates. Further, sensory ecology predicts that, to enhance crypsis, animals should be darker in darker light environments. We aimed to disentangle the effects of climate and light environments on plumage brightness and redness in the large Neotropical passerine family Furnariidae. Birds in cooler and rainier climates had darker plumage, even after controlling for habitat type. Birds in darker habitats had darker plumage, even after controlling for climate. The effects of temperature and brightness interact so that the negative effect of precipitation on brightness is strongest in cool temperatures. Finally, birds tended to be redder in warm and dry habitats but also, surprisingly, in cool and wet locales. We suggest Gloger's rule results from complementary selective pressures arising from myriad ecological factors, including crypsis, thermoregulation, parasite deterrence and resistance to feather abrasion.

opencc-zeroNov 2020View details →

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Bifurcation points for tropical cyclone genesis in sheared and dry environments - simulation data

Key information to reproduce the idealized WRF ensemble simulations used for tropical cyclone genesis

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Data for "Examining outer band supercell environments in landfalling tropical cyclones using ground-based radar analyses" v3

The data here are archived for open data access for the publication entitled "Examining outer band supercell environments in landfalling tropical cyclones using ground-based radar analyses" submitted to Monthly Weather Review. Radar data are archived in netCDF format in which variables are identified by their radar moment. The radar data are separated by SR1 and KLCH for Hurricane Laura. For Hurricane Frances, the relevant SR data are contained in the frances_sr_data.tar.gz file. The csv archive contains the track information for objectively identified supercell storms from the manuscript. Questions about the data may be directed to addison.alford@noaa.gov.

Figure 5 in Sagitta otolith of three demersal species in a tropical environment

Figure 5. Length-weight relationship for (A) Polydactylus virginicus, (B) Menticirrhus cuiaranensis, and (C) Conodon nobilis; otolith length vs fish total length for (D) Polydactylus virginicus, (E) Menticirrhus cuiaranensis, and (F) Conodon nobilis; and otolith height vs fish total length for (G) Polydactylus virginicus, (H) Menticirrhus cuiaranensis, and (I) Conodon nobilis.

Figure 4 in Sagitta otolith of three demersal species in a tropical environment

Figure 4. Box plot (mean and standard deviation) of morphometric parameters and shape indices of the otolith sagitta of Polydactylus virginicus, Menticirrhus cuiaranensis and Conodon nobilis per class of total length: (A) otolith length (OL), (B) otolith height (OH), (C) Aspect ratio OL/TL, (D) Aspect ratio (OH/OL) × 100 and (E) ellipticity.

Figure 3 in Sagitta otolith of three demersal species in a tropical environment

Figure 3. Frequency distribution of the total length (cm) of Polydactylus virginicus, Menticirrhus cuiaranensis and Conodon nobilis sampled in a tropical environment in Southwestern Atlantic.

Figure 2 in Sagitta otolith of three demersal species in a tropical environment

Figure 2. Length and height of sagittae otoliths for: (A) Polydactylus virginicus; (B) Menticirrhus cuiaranensis; and (C) Conodon nobilis.

Figure 1 in Sagitta otolith of three demersal species in a tropical environment

Figure 1. Map of the coastal region of the state of Sergipe showing all the beaches where samples were collected during competitive fishing events in 2014-2015.

Figure 6 in Sagitta otolith of three demersal species in a tropical environment

Figure 6. Scatterplot of the linear discriminant analysis of morphometry and shape indices of the sagitta otolith of Polydactylus virginicus, Menticirrhus cuiaranensis and Conodon nobilis.