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5 results for “Tupaia minor”
Fig. 5 in Description of Sarcocystis scandentiborneensis sp. nov. from treeshrews (Tupaia minor, T. tana) in northern Borneo with annotations on the utility of COI and 18S rDNA sequences for species delineation
Fig. 5. Phylogenetic tree based on analysis of mitochondrial COI sequences of the Sarcocystidae including the new Sarcocystis sp. examined in this study (black symbols). Other taxa of the Apicomplexa served as root. Evolutionary history was inferred by the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method based on the TamuraNei model, whereby 619 positions were included in the final data set. All positions with less than 95% site coverage were eliminated; that is, fewer than 5% alignment gaps, missing data, and ambiguous bases were allowed at any position. Bootstrap percentages (1000 iterations) are shown next to branches. COI sequences E357-13 and E120-13 (not shown in the tree) are available at GenBank (MN732561 and MN732562, respectively).
Fig. 2 in Description of Sarcocystis scandentiborneensis sp. nov. from treeshrews (Tupaia minor, T. tana) in northern Borneo with annotations on the utility of COI and 18S rDNA sequences for species delineation
Fig. 2. Ultrastructure of S. scandentiborneensis sp. nov. Note, due to ethanol-fixation some ultrastructural details are poorly resolved (e.g. membranes). A) Longitudinal section through the same sample as in Fig. 1C, showing a gross view of the sarcocyst and its villous protrusions (VP) that are sectioned in different orientations. The inset shows a cross section through various VP that reveals the arrangement of microtubules in their inner core; while in this case 16 microtubules are visible (asterisks), sections through more apical portions of the VP showed lower numbers. B) Longitudinal section through the fingerlike VPs that appear to be anchored in the ground substance (arrow) by microtubules (asterisks) that extend into each protrusion; note the electron-dense, U-shaped structure at each tip of the protrusions (arrowheads) and the apparently serrated surface of the VP (flat arrowheads). The inset shows a higher magnification of the apical part of a single VP with the typical U-shaped apex (asterisk), which appears to be connected with the host cell through an electronlucent contact zone (white arrowheads); interestingly, the protrusion appears fenestrated (also visible in the main image) possessing thorn-like structures (black arrows; the white arrow indicates a crosssectional view) that could be responsible for the serration visible at lower magnification. CZ, cystozoites; HC, host cell; VP, villous protrusion.
Fig. 1 in Description of Sarcocystis scandentiborneensis sp. nov. from treeshrews (Tupaia minor, T. tana) in northern Borneo with annotations on the utility of COI and 18S rDNA sequences for species delineation
Fig. 1. Light microscopy of Sarcocystis scandentiborneensis sp. nov. A and B, Haematoxylin & Eosinstained histological sections of striated musculature; C and D, Richardson's dye-stained 1.0 μm thin sections of sarcocysts. A) Tissue section of laryngeal muscle with various sarcocysts in cross section (asterisks), indicating a relatively high density of cysts in this part of musculature. B) Longitudinal section through a sarcocyst, showing a cigar-shaped appearance; however, isolated native sarcocysts, which were not available, may look different. C) Part of a longitudinal section through the tip of a sarcocyst, note the very thin ground substance (arrows) and the fine septae extending into the interior of the cyst (arrowheads); cystozoites (CZ) were loosely scattered within chambers while metrocytes were rarely seen, indicating maturity of the cyst; bars indicate the variable thickness of the cyst wall: the wall was thinner in regions where the villous protrusions were bent (right bar); note that the intense staining at the interface between host cell (HC) and parasite is part of the host cell. D) Cross-section through a sarcocyst showing cystozoites and the cyst wall (bar) including its thin ground substance (arrows).
Fig. 4 in Description of Sarcocystis scandentiborneensis sp. nov. from treeshrews (Tupaia minor, T. tana) in northern Borneo with annotations on the utility of COI and 18S rDNA sequences for species delineation
Fig. 4. Mapping (to the Toxoplasma gondii reference molecule M97703) of frequencies (%) of base pair changes observed in sequence comparisons of nu clear 18S rDNA within the new Sarcocystis sp. from treeshrews (intraspecific variation: isolates E364–13 versus E357–13) and between the new species and Sarcocystis zuoi and/or S. clethrionomyelaphis (interspecific variation: E364–13 versus S. zuoi/clethrionomyelaphis). Results were combined for the two latter species to simplify the graph. Here, 87.2% of 2118 alignment positions showed moderate to high levels of consistency, while sections of ambiguous alignment did not relate to the species under investigation. Due to gaps in the alignment, not all of the observed nt changes could be mapped to a homologous position of the reference molecule (i.e., 7 out of 24 bp changes in intraspecific comparison; 33 out of 74 bp changes in interspecific comparison), in which case the position of each nt relative to the helix was inferred from neighboring nt for which such position was known. Gaps were mainly due to insertions in helices V2, V4, and V9 rendering E357-13/E364-13 longer than the sequence of T. gondii. The percentage of parsimony-informative (pi) bp changes per helix is shown for helices V1, V2, V4, V7, and V9 above each column. Also shown is the ratio of transitions versus transversions (Ti/Tv) for selected helices.
Fig. 3 in Description of Sarcocystis scandentiborneensis sp. nov. from treeshrews (Tupaia minor, T. tana) in northern Borneo with annotations on the utility of COI and 18S rDNA sequences for species delineation
Fig. 3. Phylogenetic tree of nuclear 18S rDNA sequences of the Sarcocystidae, including the new Sarcocystis sp. from treeshrews (black symbols). Taxa of the Eimeriidae served as outgroup. Bayesian Inference was used for phylogeny reconstruction, whereby the general time-reversible substitution model (GTR + G + I) combined with an assumed among-site variation ('covariotide' model) was applied. Values for posterior probability are indicated behind nodes. Note that the new species is part of a monophyletic subclade previously tagged S1 (Wassermann et al., 2017), which includes taxa known to prefer snakes as definitive and rodents as intermediate hosts. Sequences E357-13 and E364-13 are available at GenBank under MN733816 and MN733817, respectively.
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